Amafutha e-diesel enjini kaphethiloli: ukuthulula noma ukungathululi?
Okuqukethwe
Izinqubo ezenzeka ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi (ICE) zincike ezicini zikaphethiloli osetshenzisiwe. Abakhiqizi bakawoyela wenjini babheka izici zohlobo ngalunye lukaphethiloli futhi bakhe izingoma ezibukekayo ezinezithasiselo ezishelelayo imiphumela eyingozi yezinto ezithile kuphethiloli wedizili noma uphethiloli. Kuyasiza abashayeli ukwazi imiphumela yokusebenzisa uwoyela udizili enjinini kaphethiloli. Nakhu okushiwo ongoti nabashayeli abanolwazi ngalokhu.
Ingabe sikhona isidingo sokuphambuka emithethweni yokugcoba
Uwoyela onguziro uyisizathu esiyinhloko sokushintshwa ngenkani
Isimo esiphuthumayo yisona sizathu esivame kakhulu sokusebenzisa ukugcoba okungacacisiwe ngumkhiqizi wemishini: izinga likawoyela elinganele ku-crankcase lingabangela umonakalo omkhulu enjini. Esinye isizathu sokuthululela i-dismaslo enjini yegesi yimpahla yayo ekhethekile yokususa amadiphozithi ekhabhoni ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi zenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Ukubonakala kwamafutha emoto jikelele kunomthelela ekuphambukeni emithethweni: awukwazi ukubona i-lubricant ehloselwe injini kaphethiloli kuphela emashalofini esitolo.
Izisusa zokungathululi i-dismaslo enjinini yegesi
Isizathu esiyinhloko esingavumeli amafutha e-diesel athululwe enjini kaphethiloli ukuvinjelwa komkhiqizi wemoto oqukethwe emibhalweni yokusebenza yemoto. Ezinye izisusa zihlotshaniswa nezici zokuklama zezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zamafutha amaningi. Avezwa ezimweni ezilandelayo:
- isidingo sokwanda kwengcindezi kanye nezinga lokushisa ekamelweni elivuthayo lenjini ye-diesel;
- isivinini se-crankshaft yenjini kaphethiloli: enjinini ye-diesel, isivinini sokuzungeza singu-<5 thousand rpm;
- okuqukethwe komlotha kanye nesulfure kuphethiloli wedizili.
Kulolu hlu olungenhla, inhloso yezithako kuwoyela we-diesel icacile: ukunciphisa umthelela olimazayo wezinto ezibonakalayo ku-lubricant kanye nomthelela wezinto eziyingozi eziqukethwe ku-diesel fuel. Enjinini kaphethiloli eklanyelwe ukusebenza ngesivinini esikhulu, ukungcola okukuwoyela kulimaza kuphela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: uphethiloli ku-cylinder diesel ucindezelwe izikhathi ezingu-1,7-2 kunasegumbini elivuthayo lenjini kaphethiloli. Ngokunjalo, yonke i-crank mechanism yenjini kadizili ithwala kanzima.
Imibono yabashayeli kanye nochwepheshe
Ngokuqondene nabashayeli, abaningi bacabanga ukuthi esikhundleni sikawoyela okhethekile ngodizili kuyasiza ngenxa ye-viscosity yayo ephakeme: uma injini kaphethiloli isivele igugile. Akubona bonke ochwepheshe abavumelana nalesi sinqumo. Ochwepheshe baveza umehluko olandelayo ekusetshenzisweni kwamafutha:
- Ukushisa kwenjini ye-diesel kunamandla kakhulu. Amafutha e-diesel enjini kaphethiloli asebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezingahloselwe wona, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yinhle yini injini noma yimbi.
- Isilinganiso esiphezulu sokucindezelwa ekamelweni elivuthayo likadizili sinikeza ukushuba okuphezulu kwezinqubo ze-oxidative, ezivikelwe izithasiselo ezingezwe ku-lubricant ukunciphisa ukuvutha kwamafutha. Ezinye izithasiselo zisiza ekuncibilikiseni amadiphozithi ekhabhoni nensile ekhishwa ngesikhathi kushiswa uphethiloli wedizili.
Impahla yokugcina ye-dismasla isetshenziswa abashayeli bezimoto ukuze basuse ingaphakathi lenjini yegesi futhi bakhiphe i-carbonize - bahlanze izindandatho ze-piston kusuka ku-soot. Izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zikaphethiloli zihlanzwa nge-mileage yemoto kwimodi yejubane eliphansi ngenani lika-8-10 km.
Iningi labakhiqizi bezimoto likhombisa izinhlobo ezithile zamafutha azosetshenziswa, hhayi ukutusa ukusetshenziswa kwezithambisi zomhlaba wonke. Inkinga ukuthi amafutha ahlanganisiwe avame ukunikezwa amafutha kaphethiloli ahlanzekile ngokungeza umbhalo ophathelene nophethiloli. Eqinisweni, ziqukethe izithasiselo ezingadingeki injini kaphethiloli.
Imiphumela yokwephulwa kwemithetho yokusebenza
Azikho izimpawu ezisobala zokwephulwa kwemithetho
Umphumela wokusetshenziswa kukawoyela we-diesel enjinini kaphethiloli uzobonakala kakhulu uma kusetshenziswa uwoyela we-diesel ohloselwe izinjini zedizili zamaloli. Uketshezi lwazo olugcobayo luqukethe ama-reagents amaningi e-alkaline kanye nezithasiselo ezandisa umlotha. Ukuze unciphise ukulimala kwenjini kaphethiloli, kungcono ukusebenzisa uwoyela oklanyelwe izinjini zikadizili zabagibeli.
Ngolwazi lwakho: inani lezithasiselo kuwoyela we-diesel lifinyelela ku-15%, eliphindwe izikhathi ezi-3 kunasemanzini okugcoba ezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zikaphethiloli. Ngenxa yalokho, izakhiwo ze-antioxidant nezokuhlanza zikawoyela we-diesel ziphakeme: abashayeli bezimoto abasebenzise izinguquko zikawoyela bathi indlela yokusabalalisa igesi ibonakala iyintsha ngemva kwalokho.
Imiphumela yokusebenzisa uwoyela wedizili nayo incike ohlotsheni lwenjini kaphethiloli:
- I-Carburetor kanye nezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zomjovo zihluka kuphela endleleni uphethiloli ohlinzekwa ngayo ekamelweni lokushisa: ukuguqulwa kwesibili kuhilela umjovo nge-nozzle, ehlinzeka ngemodi yokonga yokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Ukuhlukahluka kwezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi akuthinti ukusebenza kukawoyela wedizili ezinjinini ezinjalo. Ngeke kube khona umonakalo omkhulu kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhashana kwe-dimasl ezinjini zasekhaya ze-VAZ, i-GAZ kanye ne-UAZ.
- Izimoto zase-Asia zenzelwe uwoyela we-viscosity ophansi ngenxa yamapayipi amancane kawoyela noma amaphaseji. Uketshezi olujiyile olugcobayo lwezinjini zikadizili luhamba kancane, okuzodala ubunzima ekugcotshisweni kwenjini futhi kubangele ukungasebenzi kahle kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi.
- Izimoto ezivela eYurophu nase-USA zokusetshenziswa ngobuningi - kuzo, ukugcwaliswa kwamafutha edizili ngesikhathi esisodwa ngeke kuqashelwe uma ungawuqinisi ngokushintsha kokugcotshwa kwesikhashana oketshezini olunconywe umenzi. Umbandela wesibili awukona ukusheshisa injini ngaphezu kwama-revolutions ayizinkulungwane ezingu-5.
- Injini kaphethiloli ene-turbocharged idinga uwoyela okhethekile okwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu: i-turbine iyasheshiswa ukuze icindezele umoya ngamagesi okukhipha umoya. I-lubricant efanayo isebenza ngaphakathi enjinini nase-turbocharger, kuvela ukuthi isesimweni esinzima. Kungenxa yamazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nezingcindezi ukuthi amafutha edizili ahloselwe. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-lubricant yekhwalithi futhi ungavumeli izinga layo lehle. Kodwa-ke, ukushintshwa okunjalo kuvunyelwe kuphela isikhashana ukuze ufike esiteshini sesevisi.
Kunoma yikuphi, i-dismaslo ayimelani nesivinini esikhulu. Asikho isidingo sokwenza ama-accelerations ngenkathi ushayela, asikho isidingo sokudlula. Ngokulandela le mithetho elula, izingozi zemiphumela emibi yokugcwaliswa okuphuthumayo kwamafutha edizili enjinini kaphethiloli zingancishiswa.
Ukubuyekezwa kwabashayeli mayelana nemiphumela yokushintshwa
Ukuhlaziywa kwezitatimende zabashayeli ku-inthanethi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwendawo yonke ye-dismasl kubonisa ukuthi bangaki abantu, imibono eminingi kangaka. Kodwa okukhona kuseyisiphetho esinethemba lokuthi ngeke kube khona umonakalo omkhulu ekuthelweni kukawoyela diesel enjinini kaphethiloli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezibonelo zokusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwezimoto zabagibeli ezifuywayo kuma-lubricant ezenzelwe izinjini zikadizili:
Ekuqaleni kwawo-90, lapho abesifazane baseJapane beqala ukuthwala, cishe wonke umuntu wayeshayela ngamafutha e-KAMAZ.
Amafutha e-diesel angathululelwa enjini kaphethiloli, ngokuphambene nalokho, akunakwenzeka. Kunezidingo ezengeziwe zamafutha e-diesel: kungcono ngezici zawo.
Inkomba ingabhekwa isibuyekezo esivela ku-Andrei P., owashayela i-21013 km ngamafutha edizili e-KAMAZ enjini ye-VAZ-60 engamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-XNUMX. Uphawula ukuthi inqwaba ye-slag yakheka enjinini yangaphakathi yomlilo: uhlelo lokungenisa umoya kanye namasongo avaliwe. Inqubo yokuqoqwa kwe-soot incike kuhlobo lwamafutha edizili, isizini, izimo zokusebenza nezinye izici. Kunoma yikuphi, impilo yenjini izoncishiswa.
Abakhiqizi be-ICE, lapho benza uhlelo lokugcotshwa kwenjini, babheka zonke izici zayo zokuklama nezici zokusebenza, futhi benze izincomo zabo kuwoyela emibhalweni ehambisana nalesi sihloko. Akudingekile ukunganaki imithethonqubo emisiwe. Ukuchezuka emithethweni kuzoholela nakanjani ekunciphiseni impilo yesevisi yanoma iyiphi impahla. Uma sekuvele isimo esibucayi, bakhetha okubi okuncane kokubili - uthele amafutha edizili enjini yegesi bese uhamba kancane uye endaweni yokusebenzela.
