Udizili. Izimpawu ezi-5 Zokulungisa Okumba Eqolo

Abahlaziyi nochwepheshe bezimakethe, kanye nabakhiqizi bezimoto ngokwabo, babikezela ukuphela okuseduze kwenkathi yezinjini zikadizili. Naphezu kwalokhu, ukuthandwa kwabo kusekukhulu, futhi abashayeli abaningi abacabangi ukushayela imoto ene-powertrain ehlukile. Ukuguquguquka, i-torque ephezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphansi kukaphethiloli kuyizinzuzo eziyinhloko zezinjini zikadizili. I-Minus - ukuwohloka okubizayo, okuthi, ngenhlanhla, kungatholakala ngesikhathi futhi kuqedwe ngokushesha.

Amayunithi edizili esimanje abonakala ngemingcele ephezulu, ukusebenza kahle nomnotho. I-torque ephezulu iyatholakala ku-rev range ebanzi futhi icishe ivele ngokushesha, ivamise ukuba ngu-1500 rpm. Izakhiwo ezinjalo zinethonya elikhulu ku-dynamics, ukusebenza, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke ekulawuleni nasekusetshenzisweni okuphansi kukaphethiloli, ikakhulukazi emgwaqeni. Edolobheni, lezi zinzuzo zilinganiselwe futhi zisulwe, kodwa uma ushayela kakhulu futhi uhlanganisa amabanga amade, khona-ke wazisa izinzuzo zedizili.

Ngeshwa, inkimbinkimbi yezinjini zesimanje zedizili iphezulu kangangokuthi ingozi yokwehluleka okubizayo, ikakhulukazi esimweni sokuphatha ngokunganaki nokusebenza okwanele, ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Kakhulu noma yini ingehluleka futhi uma sinedizayini efakazelwe udizili ingozi incane futhi incike kakhulu kumshayeli nokuthi uyinakekela kanjani imoto.

Kodwa-ke, i-hardware ingaba yi-fickle, futhi ukunganaki noma ukungazi lutho kwanele ukubangela izimpawu zokuqala ukuthi ziholele ngokushesha ekuhlulekeni okubizayo. Yini okungenzeka ukuthi ingaphumeleli futhi ibangele izindleko eziningi?

Amasistimu okuhlanza igesi exhaust: DPF, izihlungi ze-SCR

Izihlungi ze-diesel particulate nezinye izinhlelo zokwelashwa ngemuva ziyinkathazo yangempela kubasebenzisi abaningi bezimoto zikadizili. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa njalo emizileni ngokuvamile kubangela ukusetshenziswa okungenazinkinga, amabanga amafushane avamile edolobheni angaba yinkinga ngokushesha. Ngikhuluma kakhulu ngezimoto zikadizili zesimanje, okumele, ngenxa yemithetho eqinile yokukhipha umoya, kumele zibe nezihlungi ze-DPF futhi - ikakhulukazi kumamodeli akamuva - izinhlelo ze-SCR ezinciphisa i-nitrogen oxide (NOx).

Ngobudala bemoto kanye nenani lamakhilomitha ahanjiwe, isihlungi sezinhlayiya siyaguga, noma kunalokho sivala umlotha. Isihlungi esivalekile kufanele sizihlanze ngokwaso, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izikhawu phakathi kwemijikelezo yokuhlanza ziba mfishane. Njengoba isihlungi sivutha, imoto iba yivila, impendulo ye-accelerator pedal ibambezelekile, ukuvutha kukhuphuka kakhulu, futhi ezimweni eziningi, ukufutha kwentuthu kuphuma epayipini lokuqeda. Ngenkathi ukushiswa kwesihlungi kwenzeka emgwaqeni, kwesinye isikhathi kuzoba nzima ukukuzwa, kodwa uma ikhompuyutha ivula inqubo ngenkathi ishayela idolobha, ingabangela izinkinga eziningi. Khona-ke akufanele uvale injini, futhi ikhambi elingcono kakhulu ukushayela emgwaqeni omkhulu ngesivinini esithe ukuba phezulu. Nokho, lokhu akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi - ngezinye izikhathi umshayeli umisa inqubo ngokungazi. Uma umjikelezo wokukhiqiza kabusha uhlala uphazamiseka, isihlungi singase sivaleke ngokuphelele futhi injini izongena kumodi ephuthumayo. Isixazululo?

Uma ukushayela okungekho emgwaqeni kungasizi noma imoto yenqaba ukulalela nhlobo, isisombululo singase sibe yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi isevisi ephoqelelwe yokushiswa kwesihlungi, okuzobiza ama-zloty angamakhulu amaningana. Ngendlela, kunconywa ukushintsha amafutha. Ngendlela, inqubo enjalo ayilimazi injini kuphela, kodwa futhi ayifezi njalo umsebenzi wayo, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezihlungi ezindala kakhulu, ezilimele. Khona-ke okuwukuphela kwesixazululo wukushintsha isihlungi ufake esisha. Endabeni yezilula, kubiza cishe i-PLN 1500. Okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, efakwe ezimotweni zesimanje, ingabiza kufika ku-PLN 10. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlungi ezimanzi (ngokuvamile ezikhiqizwa yi-PSA) zisebenzisa uketshezi olukhethekile olubiza ngaphezu kwe-PLN 000 ilitha. Izindleko ze-AdBlue zezinhlelo ze-SCR ziphansi kakhulu - ngokuvamile zingaphansi kwe-PLN 100 ilitha.

I-Turbocharger kanye nezinsiza zayo

Esinye isici esizwela kakhulu ekuphatheni kabi. Uma umshayeli, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ngemva kokuqala injini, eshayela njalo kanzima, engalindi ukuthi injini ifudumale, ishayela ngesivinini esiphansi kakhulu, futhi ngokushesha ngemva kokuma ngemva kokugibela okunamandla, uyayicisha imoto, ngokushesha noma kamuva. lokhu kuzoholela ekuqhekekeni kwe-turbo. Yiqiniso, kungase kube nezizathu ezengeziwe, ezifana nesici sokuklama, ukulungiselelwa okungalungile, noma ukuguga okuvamile. Imishini ye-Turbocharger nayo ingase yehluleke. Ngikhuluma ngezinzwa ze-pressure, intake noma okuthiwa. ipheya.

Kodwa-ke, uma i-turbocharger ihlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile futhi umshayeli eqapha ukusebenza kahle, akufanele kube nezinkinga ezinkulu. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela iphutha elingenzeka ngesikhathi, ukuze ukwazi ukusabela ngokushesha, isibonelo, ngokuvuselelwa noma ukushintshwa, ngaphambi kokuphuka okukhulu, isibonelo, izakhi ze-rotor ezingena ngaphakathi kwenjini. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, idrayivu ingabhujiswa ngokuphelele. Uma imoto ingenawo amandla anele, kuphuma intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka epayipini le-exhaust, izinga lamafutha enjini liyehla njalo, kukhona amafutha amaningi ku-intercooler, futhi kuzwakala ikhwela elihlukile noma umsindo wensimbi ngesikhathi sokusheshisa, uphakeme. isikhathi sokuhlola isimo se-turbocharger. Ukubuyiselwa kwalesi sici endaweni yokusebenzela yochwepheshe kubiza cishe i-PLN 1000 (kuya ngemodeli). Ukuthenga i-turbine entsha kuzobiza izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zamazloty.

Uhlelo lokujova

Lesi esinye isici esingaphumeleli nje ngenxa yokuguga, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokungazi nokunganaki komsebenzisi. Amathiphu omjovo wonakalisiwe: ngophethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi, ukulungiswa okungalungile ku-workshop noma ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ezinonya okuhloswe ngazo ukukhulisa amandla enjini ye-serial, i.e. ukulungiswa kwe-chip. Ezinjinini eziningi, izeluleko ze-nozzle ziboshwe ngokuphelele ngamafayili ensimbi, afika, ngokwesibonelo, avela kumpompi kaphethiloli owonakele. Kwenzeka ukuthi amakhoyili okushisa ashise, kunezinkinga ngama-valve okulawula, kanye nokuvuza kwamafutha ngaphansi kwezimpawu (okuthiwa ama-o-rings).

Izimpawu zokuqala zama-injection ezilimele ngokusobala zinzima ukuqalisa injini, ukudlidliza okuphawulekayo, intuthu emnyama ephuma entuthwini kanye nokwanda komlilo. Ukuxilongwa okufanele kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi akuthembeki, njengoba ngisho nokulinganisa ukulungiswa komjovo kungase kudukise. Isixazululo esingcono kakhulu kungaba ukuxilonga ukuchichima usebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile. Izindleko zokulungisa? Okuhlukahlukene kakhulu.

Ukulungisa, noma kunalokho ukuvuselelwa kwamamodeli amadala asebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephansi, kubiza kusuka ku-200 kuya ku-500 PLN. Abahlinzeki besevisi abaqeqeshiwe kuphela abangabhekana nezixazululo ezintsha, ikakhulukazi ama-injection e-piezo, futhi ngokuvamile akhokhise amanani amakhulu kakhulu. Akufanele unikeze ama-nozzles kuma-workshops angenalwazi azokwenza ngobuhlakani futhi aqoqe inani elikhulu.

I-Vortex ne-EGR flaps

Esinye isinqumo okufanele sibe nomthelela omuhle emvelweni. Ama-dampers akhethekile alawula ubude besistimu yokuthatha futhi ajikeleze umoya ofakwe kumasilinda. Lokhu, kusho ukuthi lapho ushayela ngaphandle komthwalo, isibonelo, ukwehla noma ngesivinini esiqhubekayo, izinto ezinobuthi obuncane zikhishwa emkhathini. Nakuba yonke into ihlelekile futhi iyintsha, isistimu isebenza ngokungenasici. Ngeshwa, phakathi neminyaka ngisho namakhulu amakhilomitha, uhlelo luqala ukuntengantenga. Umsebenzi wayo uthinteke kabi ikakhulukazi yi-soot, eqoqa ohlelweni lokuthatha futhi ingavimba umshini. Lokhu, futhi, kubangela ukukhanya kwenjini yokuhlola ukuthi kukhanye futhi imodi yesimo esiphuthumayo isebenze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esimweni sezinjini ezithile, isibonelo 1.9 16V (Fiat / Opel / Saab), i-damper ingaphuma futhi ingene enjini, i.e. amasilinda. Lokhu kubangela ukwehluleka okubi kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile unomphela kocingo.

Kunezimpawu eziningi futhi azikhombisi neze ukwehluleka kwe-vortex dampers. Ezimweni eziningi, kunezinkinga ngokuqala kanye nokuntuleka kwamandla ngesikhathi sokusheshisa. Yiqiniso, uma kwenzeka ama-flap aminyene, ukukhanya kwenjini kuvela. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ukulungiswa okungalungile komjovo kanye nentuthu eyengeziwe evela ohlelweni lokukhipha umoya. Izindleko? Alukho futhi uhlu lwentengo olulodwa lapha, ngoba ukuhlanza umqoqi ku-soot kubiza ama-zloty angamakhulu amaningana. Uma ukushintshwa kudingekile, kuzobiza ngaphezu kwe-PLN 1000. Uma injini incela enye yama-dampers, ingabiza izinkulungwane ezimbalwa ukuyivuselela, kuye ngobukhulu bomonakalo. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, ukushintshwa komhlangano wedrayivu kuyadingeka.

 Bheka futhi: Ungawonga kanjani uphethiloli?

I-EGR, enesibopho sokujikeleza kabusha kwegesi ephumayo futhi ilawula lokho injini ephefumulayo, nayo idala izinkinga eziningi. Kalula nje, i-valve ye-EGR ivula noma ivale ukugeleza phakathi kwe-exhaust kanye nama-manifolds okungenisa. Uma umshayeli engawadingi amandla aphelele, unciphisa ijubane ngokubhuleka injini, noma ukushayela ngesivinini esingaguquki, amanye amagesi e-exhaust aqondiswa emuva ku-multifold intake, okubangela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-nitrogen oxide. . Ngeshwa, njengama-swirl flaps, i-valve ye-EGR nayo isebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima futhi ngokuvamile ihluleka, ikakhulukazi ngenxa ye-soot.

Izimpawu zihlanganisa izinkinga zokuqala, ukuphelelwa amandla, intuthu, nokuhlola ukukhanya kwenjini. Ngenhlanhla, inkinga kulula ukuyibona, futhi uma siyibona ngesikhathi, sizoyilungisa ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu. Izimoto ezintsha zisebenzisa ama-valve e-EGR ane-aftercooler. Uma singaliboni iphutha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lizovuza, okungaholela kwezinye izinkinga. Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle, kunengqondo ukuzama ukuhlanza okuvamile kuqala. Ivalvu ye-EGR entsha ibiza phakathi kwe-PLN 250 kanye ne-PLN 1000, imiklamo yakamuva eyinkimbinkimbi ingabiza kufika ku-PLN 2000.

I-flywheel ephindwe kabili

Izinganekwane eziningi sezivele zizungeze "izixuku ezimbili". Abanye bathi i-dual-mass flywheel ingasetshenziswa "impilo yonke", abanye ukuthi linetha ngokushesha noma ayidingeki nhlobo futhi ingaguqulelwa ku-flywheel evamile. Yiqiniso, cishe ingxenye yendlela. Lesi yisici esigugayo, kodwa uma imoto inakekelwa kahle futhi umshayeli ekwazi ukusebenzisa imoto enalesi sixazululo, akufanele abe nezinkinga amashumi ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha. Futhi yini "ebulala" i-dual-mass flywheel? Ukushayela ngesivinini esiphansi kakhulu, okukhiqiza ukudlidliza okunamandla kweyunithi yamandla. Kulokhu, isondo le-dual-mass lisebenza emkhawulweni walo, linciphisa ukudlidliza. Ukusheshisa ngokushesha kusuka kumarevs aphansi nakho akusizi ngalutho - injini kadizili ikhiqiza i-torque ephezulu ngisho nakumarev aphansi. Lobu bunzima begesi kanye nokuphathwa okungenalwazi kwe-clutch kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi i-dual-mass flywheel izenza izwakale ngokushesha.

Izimpawu zokulimala kwesondo lendiza elinzima kabili zivamile futhi awudingi uchwepheshe ukuze ahlonze inkinga. Uma ukudlidliza okusobala kuzwakala emotweni, okubuye kudluliselwe emzimbeni wemoto, uma kuzwakala ukungqongqoza okukhulu lapho ushintsha amagiya futhi uqala / umisa injini, cishe i-dual-mass flywheel yenqaba ukulalela. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi unganquma ukwakha kabusha, kodwa kuya ngezinga lokuguga / ukulimala kwesisindo esiphindwe kabili kanye nokuthi ishabhu enolwazi iyayinakekela yini ukulungiswa. Izindleko zisuka emakhulwini ambalwa kuya kumazloty ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. I-dual-mass flywheel entsha ibiza phakathi kwe-PLN 1000 kanye ne-PLN 10.

Bheka futhi: Ukuhlola i-Mazda 6