Izithiyo zemoto yezingane

Izinkinga zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha okuphezulu kwezingane ngesikhathi sokuthutha kwabo emgwaqeni zingaphansi kokulawulwa kombuso okukhethekile futhi zilawulwa ngokucacile yimithetho yomgwaqo yeRussian Federation. Ngokwesigaba 22.9 salo mbhalo, izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kweyi-12 zingathuthwa kuphela uma imoto inomshini wokuvimbela izingane (CRS) noma ezinye izindlela ezikuvumela ukuba ubambe umzimba wengane ngokuphepha nangokuvikelekile ngenkathi ushayela nesihlalo esakhelwe ngaphakathi. amabhande.

Ukwephulwa kwalezi zidingo ngabashayeli kuhlanganisa inhlawulo enkulu ngokuhambisana ne-Article 12.23 yeKhodi Yamacala Okuphatha we-Russian Federation. Engozini enemiphumela emibi kakhulu ehambisana nokufa noma ukulimala okubi kakhulu komzimba nokulimala enganeni, umenzi wobubi angase futhi abekwe icala lobugebengu ngokungalandeli imithetho yomgwaqo.

Izidingo eziyisisekelo zokuthibela izingane

Kuze kube manje, i-GOST 41.44-2005 ekhethekile iye yathuthukiswa eRussia, echaza uhlu oluphelele lwezidingo eziyisisekelo zedivayisi, izici kanye nekhwalithi yokukhiqizwa kwesihlalo somntwana, kanye nesistimu yokuyihlola ukuze ivikeleke. Izinga lamanje laseRussia liyidokhumenti yokulawula eyakhiwe ngesisekelo se-UNECE European Regulation No. 44 kuhlelo No.

Kusukela ngo-2009, i-Europe ibilokhu igxile ezindinganisweni eziqinile nezanamuhla zohlelo lwesine lwe-ECE R4/44 (eyathuthukiswa futhi yavunywa ngoJuni 04), ngakho-ke kufanele kulindeleke ukuthi i-GOST yaseRussia izobhekana nezinguquko ezithile ezihlobene nokuqiniswa Izimfuneko zokuphepha Eziyisisekelo zemishini yemoto yezingane.

Imishini yesimanje yokuvimbela izingane (CRD) kumele ibe nalezi zindawo eziyimpoqo ezilandelayo:

1. izinga eliphezulu lokuvikela ingane emonakalweni nasekulimaleni lapho imoto ishayisana nezithiyo, isebenzisa ukubhuleka okuphuthumayo kanye nokuhamba kungazelelwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amathuba okulimala kusuka kudivayisi ngokwayo kuya kumshayeli nabanye abagibeli kulezi zimo kufanele ancishiswe;
2. ukunethezeka nokunethezeka kokubekwa nokuhlala isikhathi eside kwengane ngaphakathi kwe-DUU phakathi nohambo olude. Le mingcele ibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba izingane ezincane ezimweni ezingakhululekile zingaba naughty kakhulu futhi ziphazamise umshayeli enqubweni yokushayela;
3. ukungena kalula nokuphuma kwengane enkulisa.

Lokhu kubalulekile: ngokusho kwe-UNECE Regulation No. 44, noma yimuphi umkhiqizi wezihlalo zemoto yengane ubophekile, ngemva kokukhululwa kwamakhophi ayizinkulungwane ezi-5 alandelayo, ukuthumela idivayisi ye-serial ku-laboratory yokuhlola ekhethekile ukuze kuhlolwe ukugunyazwa. Ngakho, izikhungo zamazwe ngamazwe zihlale ziqapha ukuthotshelwa kwemikhiqizo ekhiqiziwe namazinga okuphepha amisiwe.

Izinhlobo zezihlalo zemoto kanye nezinhlelo zazo zokubopha

Namuhla emhlabeni kunesigaba esisodwa se-DUU, esihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana ngokwesisindo somntwana esiphezulu:

Iqembu	ukuguga	Isisindo	Ikheli lokufaka	Ukubhala
«0»	Izinyanga ze-0-6	Kufika ku-10 kg	Eceleni ukuze uhambe
«0 +»	0-1 iminyaka	Kufika ku-13 kg	Emuva naphambili	Ububanzi bebhande - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-25 mm
"NGINGUYE"	Izinyanga eziyi-9 - iminyaka emi-4	sisuka ku-9 siye ku-18 kg	Emuva naphambili	Ububanzi bebhande - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-25 mm
"Kimi"	Iminyaka engu-3 - iminyaka engu-7	sisuka ku-15 siye ku-25 kg	Iyahamba	Ububanzi bezintambo okungenani bungama-38 mm. I-headrest eguquguqukayo noma i-backrest
"III"	Iminyaka engu-6-12	sisuka ku-22 siye ku-36 kg	Iyahamba	Ububanzi bezintambo okungenani bungama-38 mm. I-headrest eguquguqukayo noma i-backrest

Imishini yamaqembu amabili okuqala (“0” kanye “0+”) nayo ibizwa ngokuthi ama-cradles emoto (izihlalo zemoto). Imikhiqizo yamanye amaqembu kakade ingeyezihlalo zezimoto zezingane ezigcwele.

Kuwo wonke ama-DUU akhishiwe, ngokwemithetho, izinhlobo zezimvume zokusetshenziswa ezimotweni ezahlukahlukene ziyasungulwa:

• ukulungiswa komhlaba wonke. Lezi zihlalo zemoto zingafakwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo nezinhlobo zezimoto;
• isixazululo se-semi-universal. Kunemikhawulo ethile ekusetshenzisweni kwezihlalo zemoto kumamodeli athile;
• ezimotweni ezithile. Kunohlu olulinganiselwe lwemikhiqizo namamodeli emishini lapho amadivaysi angasetshenziswa khona.

Isistimu yesilawuli kude esiphumelele isitifiketi kufanele ibe nophawu lokuvumelana, olwenziwe ngendlela yesiyingi enohlamvu E ngaphakathi. Inombolo eseduze nohlamvu E ikhombisa izwe elenze isitifiketi. Ngaphezu kophawu lokuvumelana, ukulebula komkhiqizo kufanele kuqukathe ulwazi ngohlobo lwemvume, isisindo kanye nenombolo yokuhlola yomuntu ngamunye.

Isilawuli kude singaxhunywa ezihlalweni ezijwayelekile ezinamabhande ezihlalo noma izikhwebu ze-Isofix. Ngezinye izikhathi, njengento eyengeziwe ngaphansi kwesihlalo semoto, isiteji ("i-booster") singasetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa isikhundla esihle kakhulu sedivayisi nengane maqondana namabhande esihlalo.

Okubalulekile: Ezimotweni ezine-airbag yomgibeli ngaphambili, umsebenzi wokuthunyelwa kwe-airbag kumele wenziwe kungasebenzi uma ufaka isilawuli kude! Uma lokhu kunganikezwanga emotweni, awukwazi ukufaka isilawuli kude esihlalweni esingaphambili!

Imithetho yokukhethwa nokusebenza kwamayunithi okulawula kude

Izincomo zokukhetha nokuthenga i-DUU:

• udinga ukuthenga amadivaysi ezitolo ezikhethekile ezinezitifiketi zokuvumelana zemikhiqizo yangempela kanye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe abanganikeza usizo lwekhwalithi ekukhetheni imodeli efanele;
• ucingo kufanele lube nophawu lwe-ECE R44/04 lokuhambisana;
• Isilawuli kude kufanele sifane nemoto ngokohlobo lokukhweza, ubukhulu, njll.;
• I-DUU kufanele ihambisane ngangokunokwenzeka nemingcele ye-physiological yengane. Awukwazi ukuthenga umkhiqizo "wokukhula", isampula elinjalo aliqinisekisi izinga elidingekayo lokuphepha kwengane uma kwenzeka ingozi;
• I-remote control yengane kufanele ikwazi ukutshekela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ukuze inikeze indawo yokulala enethezekile;
• i-upholstery yedivayisi kufanele ikwazi ukuvuleka kalula noma isuswe ukuze kwenziwe izinqubo zokuhlanzeka ezidingekayo ngayo;
• Impahla ye-upholstery ye-RCU kumele ibe nokungena kahle komoya ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungena komoya futhi kuvimbele ukushisa komzimba wengane.

Imithetho eyisisekelo yokusebenza ngesilawuli kude:

• ingane ngayinye esemotweni kufanele ihlinzekelwe ngesimiso sokuvimbela ingane ngayinye;
• ngaphambi kokuqala ukunyakaza, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthembeka kokulungisa isilawuli kude;
• amadivaysi kufanele asetshenziswe kuzo zonke izimo zokuthutha izingane, njengoba ukusetshenziswa okuyimpoqo kwesilawuli kude akuxhomekile esikhathini sohambo;
• lapho usebenzisa amabhande okubopha avamile ezimotweni, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi adlula ngokuqinile ehlombe nasezinkalweni zengane;
• kuyadingeka ukulungisa nokuguqula izilungiselelo zesilawuli kude ngesikhathi lapho ingane ikhula noma ishintshe idivayisi ngentsha.

Amathemba okuthuthukiswa kwezinga lokuphepha ezinganeni

Emhlabeni wonke, kunakwa kakhulu futhi kunakekelwa inkinga yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezingane emotweni. Ngeshwa, izinga lamanje alibavikeli ngokugcwele abagibeli abasebasha ezinhlotsheni eziningi zokuphahlazeka (ikakhulukazi imithelela eseceleni). Ngakho-ke, ikomidi lochwepheshe ngaphansi kwe-UN lithuthukise futhi lalungiselela ukuqaliswa kwesilinganiso esisha se-i-Size, esihlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu: I-ECE R129 (izidingo zokulawula kude), i-ECE R16 (izidingo zokulungisa izintambo kanye namadivayisi we-ISOFIX. ), i-ECE R14 (izidingo zedivayisi yehange kanye nezakhi zaphansi zekhabhinethi).

Esilinganisweni se-i-Size, kugcizelelwa ukuxazulula izinkinga zokusetshenziswa kabi kwesilawuli kude, ukuvikelwa komthelela oseceleni kanye nokusungula izimo ezintsha zokuhlola ukuphahlazeka.

Ukwethulwa komthetho we-i-Size wezinhlelo zokuvimbela izingane kuzokwenza ukuthutha izingane ngemoto kuphephe hhayi kuphela ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe emishinini ngokwazo, kodwa nangokulawulwa okuqinile kokukhiqizwa kwazo nokusetshenziswa kwazo ezimotweni.