I-ICE detonation - izimbangela nemiphumela

Ukuqhunyiswa kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kungaholela ekugugeni okungathi sína kwezingxenye ezinjalo zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi njenge-cylinder head gasket, izakhi zeqembu le-cylinder-piston, ama-piston, amasilinda nezinye izingxenye. Konke lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu insiza yeyunithi yamandla kuze kufike ekuhlulekeni kwayo okuphelele. Uma kwenzeka lesi simo esiyingozi, kuyadingeka ukuxilonga imbangela ye-detonation ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka futhi uyiqede. Indlela yokwenza nokuthi yini okufanele uyinake - funda.

Yini i-detonation

I-Detonation iphula inqubo yokushiswa kwengxube kaphethiloli ekamelweni lomlilo, lapho ukushiswa kungenzeki kahle, kodwa kuqhuma. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ijubane lokusabalalisa kwegagasi lokuqhuma likhuphuka lisuka ku-30 ​​ejwayelekile ... 45 m / s kuya ku-supersonic 2000 m / s (ukweqa isivinini somsindo ngegagasi lokuqhuma nakho kuyimbangela yokushaya izandla). Kulesi simo, ingxube yomoya ovuthayo ayiqhumi kusuka kunhlansi evela ekhandlelani, kodwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, kusukela ekucindezelweni okuphezulu ekamelweni elivuthayo.

Ngokwemvelo, i-wave enamandla yokuqhuma iyingozi kakhulu ezindongeni zamasilinda, ezishisa ngokweqile, ama-pistons, i-cylinder head gasket. Lesi sakamuva sihlupheka kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi sokuqhunyiswa, ukuqhuma kanye ne-corny yokucindezela okuphezulu kuyayishisa (nge-slang ibizwa ngokuthi "i-blows out").

Ukuqhunyiswa kuwuphawu lwama-ICE asebenza ngophethiloli (i-carburetor nomjovo), okuhlanganisa nalawo ahlonyiswe ngemishini yebhaluni yegesi (HBO), okungukuthi, asebenza nge-methane noma i-propane. Kodwa-ke, imvamisa ibonakala ngokunembile emishinini ye-carbureted. Izinjini ze-diesel zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile, futhi kunezinye izizathu zalesi simo.

Izimbangela zokuqhunyiswa kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi

Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, i-detonation ngokuvamile ivela kuma-ICE amadala e-carburetor, nakuba kwezinye izimo le nqubo ingase yenzeke ezinjinini zesimanje zokujova ezifakwe iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi. Izizathu zokuqhunyiswa zingafaka:

• Ingxube ye-fuel-air engenamafutha ngokweqile. Ukwakheka kwayo nakho kungavutha ngaphambi kokuba inhlansi ingene ekamelweni elivuthayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu livusa ukuvela kwezinqubo ze-oxidative, okuyimbangela yokuqhuma, okungukuthi, ukuqhunyiswa.
• Ukuthungela ngaphambilini. Ngokukhuphuka kwe-engeli yokuthungela, izinqubo zokuthungela zengxube yamafutha omoya nazo ziqala ngaphambi kokuba ipiston ishaye into ebizwa ngokuthi isikhungo esiphezulu esifile.
• Ukusebenzisa amafutha angalungile. Uma uphethiloli onesilinganiso se-octane esiphansi ubuthelwe ethangini lemoto kunalokho okushiwo umkhiqizi, khona-ke inqubo yokuqhunyiswa kungenzeka yenzeke. Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi uphethiloli we-octane ephansi usebenza kakhulu ngamakhemikhali futhi ungena ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali ngokushesha. Kuzokwenzeka isimo esifanayo uma, esikhundleni sikaphethiloli wezinga eliphezulu, uhlobo oluthile lwe-surrogate efana ne-condensate luthelwa ethangini.
• Isilinganiso esiphezulu sokucindezela kumasilinda. Ngamanye amazwi, i-coking noma okunye ukungcola kumasilinda enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, aqoqa kancane kancane kuma-pistons. Futhi uma umule uba senjinini yomlilo yangaphakathi - ayanda amathuba okuqhunyiswa kuyo.
• Isistimu yokupholisa injini evuthayo yangaphakathi enephutha. Iqiniso liwukuthi uma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ishisa kakhulu, khona-ke ingcindezi ekamelweni lokushisa ingakhula, futhi lokhu, kungabangela ukuchithwa kwamafutha ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele.

Inzwa yokungqongqoza ifana nombhobho.

Lezi yizizathu ezijwayelekile eziyisici sakho kokubili i-carburetor ne-injection ICEs. Nokho, injini evuthayo yangaphakathi yomjovo ingase ibe nesizathu esisodwa - ukwehluleka kwenzwa yokushaya. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi olufanele ku-ECU mayelana nokwenzeka kwalesi simo futhi iyunithi yokulawula ishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo i-engeli yokuthungela ukuze iyisuse. Uma inzwa ihluleka, i-ECU ngeke ikwenze lokhu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhanya kwe-Check Engine kudeshibhodi kuyasebenza, futhi isithwebuli sizonikeza iphutha lokushaya injini (amakhodi okuxilonga P0325, P0326, P0327, P0328).

Njengamanje, kunezinketho eziningi ezahlukene zokukhanyisa i-ECU ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwabo akusona isixazululo esingcono kakhulu, ngoba ngokuvamile kunezimo lapho ukukhanya okunjalo kuholela emiphumeleni edabukisayo, okungukuthi, ukusebenza okungalungile kwenzwa yokungqongqoza, okungukuthi, iyunithi yokulawula ye-ICE ivele yacisha. Ngakho-ke, uma ukuqhunyiswa kwenzeka, inzwa ayikubiki lokhu futhi i-electronics ayenzi lutho ukuyiqeda. futhi ezimweni ezingavamile, ukulimala kwe-wiring kusuka kunzwa kuya kukhompyutha kungenzeka. Kulokhu, isignali nayo ayifinyeleli kuyunithi yokulawula futhi kwenzeka isimo esifanayo. Nokho, wonke lawa maphutha atholakala kalula kusetshenziswa isithwebuli sephutha.

kuphinde kube nenani lezinto eziyinhloso ezithinta ukubonakala kokuqhunyiswa kuma-ICE angawodwana. okungukuthi:

• Isilinganiso sokucindezela senjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Ukubaluleka kwayo kubangelwa izici zokuklama zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, ngakho-ke uma injini inezinga eliphezulu lokucindezela, khona-ke ngokweqile, ijwayele ukuqhunyiswa.
• Umumo wegumbi elivuthayo kanye nomqhele wepiston. Lokhu futhi kuyisici sokuklama senjini, futhi ezinye izinjini zesimanje ezincane kodwa ezinamandla ezivuthayo zangaphakathi nazo zijwayele ukuqhunyiswa (noma kunjalo, ukulawulwa kwe-electronics yabo le nqubo kanye nokuqhunyiswa kuzo akuvamile).
• Izinjini eziphoqelelwe. Ngokuvamile banezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lomlilo kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu, ngokulandelanayo, nabo bathambekele ekuqhumeni.
• Ama-turbo motors. Okufana nephuzu langaphambilini.

Ngokuqondene nokuqhunyiswa kwama-ICEs kadizili, isizathu sokwenzeka kwawo kungase kube i-engeli yomjovo kaphethiloli kusengaphambili, izinga eliphansi likaphethiloli wedizili, kanye nezinkinga zesistimu yokupholisa injini evuthayo yangaphakathi.

futhi izimo zokusebenza kwemoto kungaba imbangela yokuqhunyiswa. okungukuthi, injini evuthayo yangaphakathi isengozini kakhulu kulo mkhuba, inqobo nje uma imoto isegiyeni eliphezulu, kodwa ngesivinini esiphansi kanye nesivinini senjini. Kulokhu, izinga eliphezulu lokucindezela lenzeka, elingase kubangele ukubukeka kwe-detonation.

Futhi, abanye abanikazi bezimoto bafuna ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, futhi ngenxa yalokhu bakhanyisa kabusha i-ECU yezimoto zabo. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kwalokhu, kungase kuphakame isimo lapho ingxube empofu ye-air-fuel inciphisa amandla emoto, kuyilapho umthwalo enjini yayo ikhula, futhi lapho imithwalo ikhuphuka ingozi yokuqhunyiswa kukaphethiloli.

Yiziphi izimbangela ezididaniswa nokuqhunyiswa

Kukhona into ebizwa ngokuthi "i-heat ignition". Abashayeli abaningi abangenalwazi bayayidida ngokuqhunyiswa, ngoba ngokuvutha okukhanyayo, injini evuthayo yangaphakathi iyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngisho nalapho ukuthungela kucishiwe. Eqinisweni, kulokhu, ingxube ye-air-fuel ivutha kusuka ezintweni ezishisayo zenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo futhi lokhu akuhlangene nokuqhunyiswa.

futhi into eyodwa ethathwa ngephutha njengembangela yokuqhunyiswa kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi lapho ukuthungela kuvaliwe kubizwa nge-diesling. Lokhu kuziphatha kubonakala ngokusebenza okufushane kwenjini ngemva kokucisha ukuthungela ngezinga elikhulayo lokucindezela noma ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okungafanele ukumelana nokuqhunyiswa. Futhi lokhu kuholela ekushiseni okuzenzakalelayo kwengxube yomoya ovuthayo. Okusho ukuthi, ukuthungela kwenzeka njengezinjini zikadizili, ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu.

Izimpawu zokuqhunyiswa

Kunenombolo yezimpawu okungatholakala ngazo ngokungaqondile ukuthi ukuqhunyiswa kwenzeka enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi yemoto ethile. Kuhle ukusho zisuka ukuthi ezinye zazo zingase zibonise ezinye ukuwohloka emotweni, kodwa kusafanele uhlole ukuqhunyiswa injini. Ngakho izimpawu yilezi:

• Ukubonakala komsindo wensimbi ovela enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi phakathi nokusebenza kwayo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapho injini isebenza ngaphansi komthwalo kanye / noma ngesivinini esikhulu. Umsindo ufana kakhulu nalowo okwenzeka lapho izakhiwo zensimbi ezimbili zishayisana. Lo msindo ubangelwa igagasi lokuqhuma.
• Ukwehla kwamandla e-ICE. Imvamisa, ngesikhathi esifanayo injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ayisebenzi ngokuzinza, ingamisa lapho i-dling (ifanele izimoto ze-carburetor), ithatha isivinini isikhathi eside, izici eziguqukayo zemoto ziyancipha (ayisheshi, ikakhulukazi uma imoto ilayishiwe).

Isithwebuli sokuxilonga i-Rokodil ScanX ukuze uxhumeke ku-ECU yemoto

Ngokushesha kufanelekile ukunikeza izimpawu zokuhluleka kwenzwa yokungqongqoza. Njengasohlwini lwangaphambilini, izimpawu zingakhombisa okunye ukuwohloka, kepha ngemishini yokujova kungcono ukubheka iphutha usebenzisa isithwebuli se-elekthronikhi (kulula kakhulu ukwenza lokhu ngesithwebuli se-multi-brand. Rokodil ScanX ehambisana nazo zonke izimoto kusukela ngo-1993 kuya phambili. futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uxhume ku-smartphone ku-iOS ne-Android nge-Bluetooth). Idivayisi enjalo izokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubona ukusebenza kwenzwa yokungqongqoza nabanye ngesikhathi sangempela.

Ngakho-ke, izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenzwa yokungqongqoza:

• ukusebenza okungazinzile kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ngokungenzi lutho;
• ukwehla kwamandla enjini futhi, ngokuvamile, izici eziguqukayo zemoto (isheshisa ngokubuthakathaka, ayidonsi);
• ukwanda petrol;
• ukuqala okunzima kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, emazingeni okushisa aphansi lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi.

Ngokuvamile, izimpawu ziyefana nalezo ezivela ngokushisa sekwephuzile.

Imiphumela yokuqhunyiswa

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, imiphumela ye-detonation enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi yemoto iyingozi kakhulu, futhi akukho lutho okufanele lubambezeleke umsebenzi wokulungisa, ngoba uma ushayela isikhathi eside nalesi simo, umonakalo omkhulu wenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi nezinto zayo ngabanye. zisengozini. Ngakho, imiphumela ye-detonation ihlanganisa:

• I-gasket yekhanda lesilinda elishisiwe. Izinto ezenziwe ngazo (ngisho nalezo zanamuhla) aziklanyelwe ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu nokucindezela okukhulu okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqhunyiswa kwe-detonation. Ngakho-ke, izohluleka ngokushesha okukhulu. I-cylinder head gasket ephukile izodala ezinye izinkinga.
• Ukuguga okusheshisiwe kwezakhi zeqembu le-cylinder-piston. Lokhu kusebenza kuzo zonke izici zayo. Futhi uma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ayisekho entsha noma ayizange ilungiswe isikhathi eside, khona-ke lokhu kungaphela kabi kakhulu, kuze kufike ekuhlulekeni kwayo okuphelele.
• Ukuhlukana kwekhanda lesilinda. Leli cala lingenye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu futhi eziyingozi, kodwa uma ushayela isikhathi eside nge-detonation, khona-ke ukuqaliswa kwayo kungenzeka.

I-gasket yekhanda lesilinda elishisiwe

Ukulimala nokubhujiswa kwe-piston

• Ukushiswa kwePiston/Pistons. okungukuthi, ingxenye yayo engezansi, engezansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukuyilungisa futhi izodinga kuphela ukuguqulwa ngokuphelele.
• Ukubhujiswa kwama-jumpers phakathi kwamasongo. Ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela, zingabhidlika enye yezokuqala phakathi kwezinye izingxenye zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi.

Ukuhlukana kwekhanda lesilinda

Ukuvutha kwepiston

• I-bend yenduku yokuxhuma. Lapha, ngokufanayo, ezimweni zokuqhuma, umzimba wayo ungashintsha ukuma kwawo.
• Ukushiswa kwamapuleti e-valve. Le nqubo yenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu futhi inemiphumela engathandeki.

Imiphumela yokuqhunyiswa

Ukushiswa kwe-piston

Njengoba kubonakala ohlwini, imiphumela yenqubo ye-detonation iyingozi kakhulu, ngakho-ke, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi akufanele ivunyelwe ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zayo, ngokulandelanayo, ukulungiswa kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Indlela yokususa i-detonation nezindlela zokuvimbela

Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokuqeda ukuqhunyiswa kwe-detonation kuya ngesizathu esibangele le nqubo. Kwezinye izimo, ukuze uyisuse, kufanele wenze izenzo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Ngokuvamile, izindlela zokulwa ne-detonation yilezi:

• Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okunamapharamitha anconywe umenzi wezimoto. okungukuthi, iphathelene nenombolo ye-octane (awukwazi ukuyibukela phansi). udinga ukufaka uphethiloli eziteshini zikaphethiloli ezifakazelwe futhi ungagcwalisi noma yimuphi umuntu ongene ethangini. Ngendlela, ngisho nophethiloli we-octane ephezulu aqukethe igesi (i-propane noma enye), lapho abakhiqizi abangenangqondo baphonsela kuwo. Lokhu kwandisa inombolo yayo ye-octane, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke zama ukuthela uphethiloli wekhwalithi ethangini lemoto yakho.
• Faka ukuthungela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokwezibalo, izinkinga zokushisa ziyimbangela evame kakhulu yokuqhunyiswa.
• decarbonize, hlanza injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, okungukuthi, yenza umthamo wegumbi lomlilo ube ojwayelekile, ngaphandle kwamadiphozithi ekhabhoni nokungcola. Kungenzeka ukuthi uzenzele egaraji, usebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile wokukhipha ikhabhoni.
• hlola uhlelo lokupholisa injini. okungukuthi, hlola isimo se-radiator, amapayipi, isihlungi somoya (sishintshe uma kunesidingo). futhi ungakhohlwa ukuhlola izinga le-antifreeze kanye nesimo salo (uma lingashintshile isikhathi eside, khona-ke kungcono ukulishintsha).
• Udizili udinga ukusetha kahle i-engeli yomjovo kaphethiloli kusengaphambili.
• sebenzisa imoto ngendlela efanele, ungashayeli ngamagiya aphezulu ngesivinini esiphansi, ungayikhanyisi kabusha ikhompuyutha ukuze wonge uphethiloli.

Njengezinyathelo zokuvimbela, kungalulekwa ukuthi kuqashwe isimo senjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, ukuyihlanza ngezikhathi ezithile, ukushintsha uwoyela ngesikhathi, ukwenza i-decarbonization, nokuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile. Ngokufanayo, gcina uhlelo lokupholisa kanye nezakhi zalo zisesimweni esihle, shintsha isihlungi kanye ne-antifreeze ngesikhathi. futhi iqhinga elilodwa ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile udinga ukuvumela injini yomlilo yangaphakathi isebenze ngesivinini esikhulu (kodwa ngaphandle kokushiseka!), Udinga ukwenza lokhu ngegiya elingathathi hlangothi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izakhi ezihlukahlukene zokungcola nemfucumfucu ziphuma enjini yangaphakathi evuthayo ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa eliphezulu nomthwalo, okungukuthi, kuhlanzwa.

Ukuqhunyiswa ngokuvamile kwenzeka ku-ICE eshisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka kakhulu kumamotor asebenza ngemithwalo emincane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bane-soot eningi kuma-piston nezindonga ze-cylinder nayo yonke imiphumela elandelayo. Futhi ngokuvamile injini evuthayo yangaphakathi iqhuma ngesivinini esiphansi. Ngakho-ke, zama ukusebenzisa injini ngesivinini esiphakathi kanye nemithwalo ephakathi.

Ngokwehlukana, kufanelekile ukusho inzwa yokungqongqoza. Isimiso sokusebenza kwayo sisekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwesici se-piezoelectric, esihumusha umphumela womshini kuwo ube ngumbane kagesi. Ngakho-ke, kulula kakhulu ukuhlola umsebenzi wayo.

Indlela yokuqala - usebenzisa i-multimeter esebenza ngendlela yokulinganisa ukumelana nogesi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukunqamula i-chip kusuka kunzwa, bese uxhuma ama-multimeter probes esikhundleni salokho. Inani lokumelana kwalo lizobonakala esikrinini sedivayisi (kulokhu, inani ngokwalo alibalulekile). bese, usebenzisa isikrufu noma enye into esindayo, shaya ibhawudo lokukhweza le-DD (noma kunjalo, qaphela, ungaweqi!). Uma inzwa isebenza, khona-ke izobona umthelela njenge-detonation futhi ishintshe ukumelana kwayo, okungahlulelwa ngokufundwa kwedivayisi. Ngemva kwamasekhondi ambalwa, inani lokumelana kufanele libuyele endaweni yalo yangempela. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, inzwa inephutha.

Indlela yesibili ukuqinisekiswa kulula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuqala injini yangaphakathi evuthayo bese usetha isivinini sayo endaweni ethile ezingeni lika-2000 rpm. Vula ihood bese usebenzisa ukhiye ofanayo noma isando esincane ukuze ushaye isikhwezi senzwa. Inzwa esebenzayo kufanele ikubone lokhu njengokuqhunyiswa futhi ibike lokhu ku-ECU. Ngemuva kwalokho, iyunithi yokulawula izonikeza umyalo wokunciphisa isivinini senjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, engazwakala ngokucacile ngendlebe. Ngokufanayo, uma lokhu kungenzeki, inzwa inephutha. Lo mhlangano awukwazi ukulungiswa, futhi udinga ukuguqulwa ngokuphelele, ngenhlanhla, awubizi. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lapho ufaka inzwa entsha esihlalweni sayo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthintana okuhle phakathi kwenzwa nohlelo lwayo. Uma kungenjalo, ngeke isebenze kahle.