Amasosha e-Black Sea Fleet ye-USSR ingxenye 1
Amandla okufika e-Black Sea Fleet asebenzise inombolo enkulu yezinhlobo ze-hovercraft. Esithombeni iphrojekthi 1232.2 Zubr ngesikhathi kuthululwa amathangi e-PT-76 amphibious kanye nabathuthi be-BTR-70. Isithombe se-US Navy
I-Straits ibilokhu iyizindawo ezibalulekile ngamasu, ukusebenza kwazo kwanqunywa umthetho wezolwandle wamazwe omhlaba. Ku-geopolitics yangemva kwempi, ukuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi kwakubaluleke kakhulu, okwathonya ngokuqondile isiphetho semikhankaso yomhlaba, eyafundwa kokuhlangenwe nakho kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Ukuwela ukuxhumana olwandle, kuhlangene nokuthunjwa kogu, kwaba ukhiye wokunqoba isitha emhlabeni. Ekusebenziseni izinhlinzeko ezichazwe ngenhla, iqoqo lezinhlangano zezombangazwe nezempi zafuna ukunikeza izimo ezikahle kakhulu zokufeza imisebenzi eyayizilindele empini. Ngakho-ke ukuba khona njalo kwamaqembu aqinile emikhumbi emanzini oLwandle Lomhlaba, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokulwa nezempi, kuhlanganise nezindlela zokuhlola, njengengxenye yomncintiswano wezikhali phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi.
Inhlangano Yamasosha Asolwandle umkhumbi wokufika
Kusukela ekupheleni kwezingxabano oLwandle Olumnyama ngo-1944 futhi kuze kube maphakathi nawo-50s. umkhumbi oyinhloko wokuhlala phansi we-Black Sea Fleet (ngemuva kwalokhu ebizwa ngokuthi i-DChF) yabanjwa futhi yadluliselwa njengamayunithi okuphindisela ezempi asuka eJalimane. Ingxenye ebalulekile yale mishini yacwiliswa amaJalimane, ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuphuma, ukufika kokuwela izikhali. Lezi zinyunithi zambiwa amaRussia, zalungiswa futhi zafakwa emsebenzini ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, izikebhe ze-MFP eziyi-16 zalethwa phakathi nempi ye-FCz. Amayunithi okufika ajwayelekile aseJalimane ayephakeme kunobuchwepheshe beNavy (WMF) ngazo zonke izindlela. Amayunithi aseSoviet akhiwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphansi, okwakuwumphumela wokuntuleka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezinemingcele efanele yezobuchwepheshe futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuntuleka kwezikhali. Phakathi kwezindlela zemvelaphi yaseJalimane, izikebhe zokufika ezishiwo zokulungiswa okuhlukahlukene zaziziningi kakhulu. Sekukonke, imikhumbi yayihlanganisa amayunithi angama-27 aseJalimane kanye namayunithi amabili e-Italian MZ. Ngemuva kwempi, isikebhe saseMelika se-LCM, esitholwe ekulethweni ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-Lend-Lease, sangena oLwandle Olumnyama.
Ngama-50s, le mishini yadilika kancane kancane - eminye yayo yasetshenziswa njengemishini entantayo esiza. Isimo sobuchwepheshe esiwohlokayo sezimoto ezihlala emanzini eminyakeni edlule kwaphoqa ukuthi kuthuthukiswe amayunithi amasha, obekufanele enze ukuntuleka kwemishini ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngakho-ke, engxenyeni yesibili ye-50s, uchungechunge oluningana lwemikhumbi yokuhlalisa encane naphakathi nezikebhe zakhiwe. Zazihambisana nalokho okwakulindelwe yiSoviet ngaleso sikhathi futhi zaziwukubonakaliswa komqondo owamukelwa e-USSR wendima ecishe ibe yinkonzo yemikhumbi ezenzweni zamabutho aphansi ogwini. Imikhawulo emkhakheni wezikhali zasolwandle kanye nokuncishiswa kwezinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa okwalandela, kanye nokuqedwa kwemikhumbi emidala, kwaholela umkhumbi wamaSoviet esimweni sokuwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nenhlekelele emandleni okulwa. Umbono wendima elinganiselwe, yokuzivikela yamabutho asolwandle ngemva kweminyaka embalwa washintsha, futhi imikhumbi, ezinhlelweni zokuvelela zabadali besu elisha lempi yasolwandle, kwadingeka iye olwandle.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-VMP kwaqala ngeminyaka yama-60s, futhi izinhlinzeko ezintsha ezicasulayo zemfundiso yempi yezempi zasolwandle zaphumela ezinguqukweni ezithile zenhlangano ezihlobene nesidingo sokujwayelana nezakhiwo zamaqembu emikhumbi emisebenzini abhekene nayo, hhayi emanzini avaliwe angaphakathi kuphela, kodwa nasemanzini avulekile. amanzi olwandle. Ngaphambilini, izimo zengqondo zokuzivikela ezamukelwa ubuholi bezombangazwe beqembu obuholwa nguNikita Khrushchev zenza izinguquko eziphawulekayo, nakuba emibuthanweni eqinile yojenene emuva maphakathi nawo-80s. impi ezayo.
Kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-50, amaqembu okuhlasela emoyeni ayeyingxenye yamabutho onogada bemikhumbi yezisekelo zasolwandle (BOORV). OLwandle Olumnyama, ukushintshela enhlanganweni entsha yokuhlaselwa kwama-amphibious kwenzeka ngo-1966. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-197th brigade yemikhumbi ehlala phansi (BOD) yadalwa, okuyinto, ngokwemigomo yenjongo kanye nobubanzi, okwakungeyokusebenza. amandla ahloselwe ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwamanzi ezindawo zawo (zamaSoviet).
