Inzwa yesikhundla se-Crankshaft

Inzwa ye-crankshaft inikeza ukulawula kusuka ku-ECU yenjini yesikhundla sengxenye yemishini ebhekele ukusebenza kwesistimu yomjovo kaphethiloli. Uma i-DPKV ihluleka, itholakala ngosizo lwabahloli abakhethekile abasebenza ngesimiso se-ohmmeter. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ukumelana kwamanje kungaphansi kwenani elijwayelekile, isilawuli sizodinga ukushintshwa.

Yini enesibopho futhi isebenza kanjani inzwa ye-crankshaft?

Inzwa yokuma kwe-crankshaft inquma ngqo ukuthi uphethiloli kufanele uthunyelwe nini kumasilinda enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi (ICE). Emiklamo ehlukene, i-DPKV inesibopho sokulawula ukulungiswa kokufana kokunikezwa kukaphethiloli ngama-injection.

Imisebenzi yenzwa ye-crankshaft ukubhalisa nokudlulisa idatha elandelayo kukhompyutha:

• linganisa indawo ye-crankshaft;
• umzuzu lapho ama-pistons edlula i-BDC ne-TDC kumasilinda okuqala nawokugcina.

Inzwa ye-PKV ilungisa izinkomba ezilandelayo:

• inani lamafutha angenayo;
• isikhathi sokunikezwa kukaphethiloli;
• i-camshaft angle;
• isikhathi sokushisa;
• umzuzu nesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-valve ye-adsorption.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwenzwa yesikhathi:

1. I-crankshaft ifakwe idiski enamazinyo (ukuqala kanye ne-zeroing). Lapho umhlangano ujikeleza, inkambu kazibuthe iqondiswe emazinyweni avela kunzwa ye-PKV, isebenze kuwo. Izinguquko zirekhodwa ngendlela yama-pulses futhi ulwazi ludluliselwa kukhompyutha: indawo ye-crankshaft iyalinganiswa futhi lapho ama-pistons edlula izikhungo ezifile eziphezulu naphansi (i-TDC ne-BDC) zirekhodwa.
2. Uma i-sprocket idlula inzwa yesivinini se-crankshaft, ishintsha uhlobo lokufunda okuthuthukisiwe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-ECU izama ukubuyisela ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-crankshaft.
3. Ngokusekelwe kuma-pulses atholiwe, ikhompuyutha esebhodini ithumela isignali kumasistimu emoto adingekayo.

Idivayisi ye-DPKV

Idizayini yenzwa ye-Crankshaft:

• i-aluminium noma i-plastic case ye-cylindrical shape enesici esibucayi, lapho kuthunyelwa khona isignali kukhompyutha;
• ikhebula lokuxhumana (i-magnetic circuit);
• idrayivu yunithi;
• uphawu;
• ukugoqa;
• ubakaki wokukhweza injini.

Ithebula: izinhlobo zezinzwa

Имя	Incazelo
Inzwa kazibuthe	Inzwa iqukethe uzibuthe unomphela kanye ne-central winding, futhi lolu hlobo lwesilawuli aludingi ukunikezwa kwamandla okuhlukile. Idivayisi kagesi eguquguqukayo ayilawuli kuphela indawo ye-crankshaft, kodwa futhi nesivinini. Isebenza nge-voltage eyenzeka lapho izinyo lensimbi (ithegi) lidlula endaweni kazibuthe. Lokhu kukhiqiza ukushaya kwesignali okuya ku-ECU.
Inzwa Optical	Inzwa yokubona iqukethe isamukeli ne-LED. Isebenzisana nediski yewashi, ivimba ukugeleza kokubona okudlula phakathi komamukeli ne-LED. I-transmitter ithola ukuphazamiseka kokukhanya. Lapho i-LED idlula endaweni enamazinyo agugile, umamukeli usabela ku-pulse futhi enze ukuvumelanisa ne-ECU.
Inzwa yeHholo	Idizayini yenzwa ihlanganisa: igumbi lamasekethe ahlanganisiwe; uzibuthe unomphela; umaka disk; isixhumi Kusenzwa ye-crankshaft ye-Hall effect, iyageleza yamanje njengoba isondela endaweni yamagnetic eshintshayo. Umjikelezo wenkundla yamandla uyavuleka lapho udlula ezindaweni ezinamazinyo agugile futhi isignali idluliselwa kuyunithi yokulawula injini ye-elekthronikhi. Isebenza emthonjeni wamandla ozimele.

Itholakala kuphi inzwa?

Indawo yenzwa yokuma kwe-crankshaft: eduze kwediski phakathi kwe-alternator pulley ne-flywheel. Ukuze uxhumeke mahhala kunethiwekhi esebhodini, kunikezwa ikhebula elingu-50-70 cm ubude, lapho kukhona izixhumi zokhiye. Kukhona ama-spacers phezu kwesihlalo sokusetha igebe 1-1,5mm.

Izimpawu nezimbangela zokungasebenzi kahle

Izimpawu ze-DPKV ephukile:

• injini ayiqali noma ime ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemva kwesikhashana;
• azikho izinhlansi;
• Ukuqhunyiswa kwe-ICE kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile ngaphansi kwemithwalo enamandla;
• isivinini sokungenzi lutho esingazinzile;
• amandla enjini namandla emoto ayancishiswa;
• lapho ushintsha izindlela, ushintsho oluzenzakalelayo enanini lokuguquguquka kwenzeka;
• hlola ukukhanya kwenjini kudeshibhodi.

Izimpawu zikhomba izizathu ezilandelayo zokuthi kungani inzwa ye-PCV ingaba nephutha:

• isifunda esifushane phakathi kokujika okujikajikayo, ukuhlanekezela okungenzeka kwesiginali mayelana nokuma kwepiston ku-BDC naku-TDC;
• ikhebula elixhuma i-DPKV ku-ECU lonakele - ikhompyutha esebhodini ayitholi isaziso esifanele;
• ukukhubazeka kwamazinyo (ama-scuffs, ama-chips, ukuqhekeka), injini ingase ingaqali;
• ukungena kwezinto zangaphandle phakathi kwe-pulley enamazinyo kanye nekhawunta noma umonakalo ngenkathi usebenza endaweni yenjini ngokuvamile kubangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-DPKV.

Izinkinga ngokuqala injini

Izinhlobonhlobo zokungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa ye-crankshaft ethinta ukusebenza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi:

1. Injini ayiqali. Lapho ukhiye wokuthungela uphendulwa, isiqalisi siphendulela injini bese iphampu yamafutha ikhala. Isizathu siwukuthi injini ECU, ngaphandle kokuthola isignali kusukela crankshaft isikhundla inzwa, ayikwazi kahle ukukhipha umyalo: lapho amasilinda ukuqala futhi kuphi ukuvula umlomo wombhobho.
2. Injini ishisa ifike ezingeni elithile lokushisa futhi igcine izitebele noma ayiqalisi esithwathwaneni esinamandla. Kunesizathu esisodwa kuphela - i-microcrack ekungeneni kwenzwa ye-PKV.

Ukusebenza okungazinzile kwenjini ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene

Lokhu kwenzeka uma i-DPKV ingcolisiwe, ikakhulukazi uma ama-chips ensimbi noma amafutha engena kuyo. Ngisho nomthelela omncane ku-microcircuit yamagnetic yenzwa yesikhathi ishintsha ukusebenza kwayo, ngoba i-counter ibucayi kakhulu.

Ukuba khona kwe-detonation ye-motor ngomthwalo okhulayo

Isizathu esivame kakhulu ukwehluleka kwemitha, kanye ne-microcrack ekujikeni, egoba ngesikhathi sokudlidliza, noma ukuqhuma endlini, lapho umswakama ungena khona.

Izimpawu zokushayeka kwenjini:

• ukwephulwa kokushelela kwenqubo yokushiswa kwengxube ye-fuel-air kumasilinda enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi;
• ukweqa ku-receiver noma i-exhaust system;
• ukwehluleka;
• ukuncipha okucacile kwamandla enjini.

Amandla enjini ancishisiwe

Amandla enjini ayehla lapho ingxube ye-fuel-air inganikezwa ngesikhathi. Isizathu sokungasebenzi kahle yi-delamination ye-shock absorber kanye nokufuduka kwenkanyezi enamazinyo ngokuhlobene ne-pulley. Amandla enjini nawo ayancishiswa ngenxa yokulimala kokujikajika noma izindlu zemitha yendawo ye-crankshaft.

Ungahlola kanjani inzwa ye-crankshaft ngokwakho?

Ungakwazi ngokuzimela ukuphenya impilo ye-DPKV usebenzisa:

• ohmmeter;
• i-oscillograph;
• eziyinkimbinkimbi, usebenzisa multimeter, megohmmeter, inethiwekhi transformer.

Kubalulekile ukwazi

Ngaphambi kokufaka umshini wokulinganisa, kuyanconywa futhi ukwenza ukuxilonga okuphelele kwekhompyutha yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Khona-ke ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle kwenziwa, kuqedwe ukungcola noma ukulimala komshini. Futhi kuphela ngemva kwalokho baqala ukuxilonga ngemishini ekhethekile.

Ukuhlola nge-ohmmeter

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokuxilongwa, vala injini bese ususa inzwa yesikhathi.

Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokufunda i-DPKV nge-ohmmeter ekhaya:

1. Faka i-ohmmeter ukukala ukumelana.
2. Nquma izinga lokumelana ne-throttle (thinta ama-tester probes kumatheminali bese uwakhalisa).
3. Inani elamukelekayo lisuka ku-500 kuye ku-700 ohms.

Ukusebenzisa i-oscilloscope

Inzwa yokuma kwe-crankshaft ihlolwa ngenjini esebenzayo.

I-algorithm yezenzo usebenzisa i-oscilloscope:

1. Xhuma isihloli kusibali sikhathi.
2. Qalisa uhlelo kukhompuyutha esebhodini eqapha ukufundwa okuvela kusisetshenziswa sikagesi.
3. Dlula into yensimbi phambi kwenzwa ye-crankshaft izikhathi ezimbalwa.
4. I-multimeter ILUNGILE uma i-oscilloscope iphendula ukunyakaza. Uma zingekho amasiginali esikrinini se-PC, kutuswa ukuba uxilongwe ngokuphelele.

Isheke eliphelele

Ukuze ukwenze, kufanele ube:

• i-megohmmeter;
• inethiwekhi transformer;
• imitha yokungenisa;
• i-voltmeter (mhlawumbe yedijithali).

I-algorithm yezenzo:

1. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuskena okugcwele, inzwa kufanele ikhishwe enjinini, igezwe kahle, yomiswe, bese ilinganiswa. Kwenziwa kuphela ekamelweni lokushisa, ukuze izinkomba zinembile kakhulu.
2. Okokuqala, inductance yenzwa (coil inductive) iyalinganiswa. Ibanga elisebenzayo lezilinganiso zezinombolo kufanele libe phakathi kuka-200 no-400 MHz. Uma inani lihluke kakhulu kunani elishiwo, kungenzeka ukuthi inzwa inephutha.
3. Okulandelayo, udinga ukukala ukumelana ne-insulation phakathi kwamatheminali ekhoyili. Kulokhu, i-megohmmeter isetshenziswa, ibeka i-voltage yokuphuma ku-500 V. Kungcono ukwenza inqubo yokulinganisa izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ukuze uthole idatha enembe kakhudlwana. Inani elilinganisiwe lokumelana nokufakwa kufanele okungenani libe ngu-0,5 MΩ. Uma kungenjalo, ukwehluleka kwe-insulation kukhoyili kunganqunywa (kuhlanganise nokwenzeka kwesekethe emfushane phakathi kokujika). Lokhu kubonisa ukwehluleka kwedivayisi.
4. Khona-ke, usebenzisa i-transformer yenethiwekhi, idiski yesikhathi i-demagnetized.

Ukudubula inkinga

Kunengqondo ukulungisa inzwa yezinkinga ezifana nalezi:

• ukungena ku-PKV inzwa yokungcola;
• ukuba khona kwamanzi kusixhumi senzwa;
• ukuphuka kwe-sheath yokuzivikela yezintambo noma amahhanisi enzwa;
• ukushintsha kwe-polarity yezintambo zesignali;
• akukho ukuxhumana nehhanisi;
• izintambo ezimfushane zesignali emhlabathini wezinzwa;
• kuncishiswe noma kukhushulwe imvume yokukhuphuka kwenzwa kanye nediski yokuvumelanisa.

Ithebula: sebenza ngeziphambeko ezincane

Okuzenzakalelayo	Kusho
Ukungena ngaphakathi kwenzwa ye-PKV nokungcola	Kudingeka ukufafaza izingxenye zombili zeyunithi ye-WD wire harness ukuze ususe umswakama, futhi usule isilawuli sihlanzeke nge-rag. Senza okufanayo ngozibuthe wezinzwa: fafaza i-WD kuyo futhi uhlanze uzibuthe kuma-chips nokungcola nge-rag.
Ukuba khona kwamanzi kusixhumi senzwa	Uma ukuxhuma kwenzwa kusixhumi se-harness kuyinto evamile, nqamula isixhumi se-harness kusuka kunzwa bese uhlola amanzi kusixhumi senzwa. Uma kunesidingo, nyakazisa amanzi kusokhethi yesixhumi senzwa kanye nepulaki. Ngemuva kokuxazulula inkinga, vula ukuthungela, qala injini.
Isihlangu sekhebula lenzwa ephukile noma amahhanisi	Ukuze uhlole ukungasebenzi kahle okungenzeka, nqamula inzwa kanye nebhulokhi kuhhanisi lezintambo futhi, lapho othintana naye enqanyuliwe, hlola nge-ohmmeter ubuqotho bemeshi evikelayo yekhebula elisontekile: ukusuka kuphinikhodi "3" yesokhethi yenzwa phini "19" yesokhethi yebhulokhi. Uma kunesidingo, ngaphezu kwalokho hlola ikhwalithi ye-crimping nokuxhumeka kwemikhono yokuvikela ikhebula emzimbeni wephakheji. Ngemva kokulungisa inkinga, vula ukuthungela, qala injini futhi uhlole ukungabikho kwe-DTC "053".
Hlehlisa i-polarity yezintambo zesignali	Nqamula inzwa neyunithi yokulawula kusukela kumahhanisi ezintambo. Sebenzisa i-ohmmeter ukuze uhlole ukuthi izixhumi zifakwe ngokungalungile yini kubhulokhi yesixhumi sekhodi ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbili. Uma othintana naye othi "1" ("DPKV-") wepulaki yenzwa exhunywe ku-"49" we-block plug. Kulesi simo, thintana no-"2" ("DPKV +") wesixhumi senzwa uxhumeke ku-"48" yesixhumi se-block. Uma kunesidingo, faka kabusha izintambo kubhlokhi yezinzwa ngokuhambisana nomdwebo wezintambo. Ngemva kokulungisa inkinga, vula ukuthungela, qala injini futhi uhlole ukungabikho kwe-DTC "053".
Inzwa ayixhunyiwe kumahhanisi	Hlola ukuxhumeka kwenzwa kumahhanisi ezintambo. Uma ipulaki yekhebula ye-probe ixhunywe kusixhumi sezintambo, hlola ukuthi ixhumeke kahle ngokomdwebo wezintambo zokuhlanganisa. Ngemuva kokuxazulula inkinga, vula ukuthungela, qala injini.
Izintambo zesignali yenzwa zifinyelelwe phansi	Hlola ngokucophelela ubuqotho bekhebula lenzwa nomgodla walo. Ikhebuli ingonakaliswa isiphephetha-moya esipholile noma amapayipi okukhipha injini ashisayo. Ukuze uhlole ukuqhubeka kwamasekhethi, nqamula inzwa neyunithi kusuka kumahhanisi ezintambo. Uma othintana naye enqanyuliwe, hlola nge-ohmmeter ukuxhuma kwamasekethe "49" kanye "48" wehhanisi lezintambo nomhlabathi wenjini: kusukela kothintana nabo "2" kanye "1" yesixhumi senzwa kuya ezingxenyeni zensimbi zenjini. Lungisa amasekhethi abonisiwe uma kunesidingo. Ngemuva kokuxazulula inkinga, vula ukuthungela, qala injini.
Ukunciphisa noma ukukhulisa imvume yokukhuphuka kwenzwa kanye nediski yokuvumelanisa	Okokuqala, sebenzisa i-feeler gauge ukuze uhlole igebe elikhuphukayo phakathi kobuso bokuphela kwenzwa yendawo ye-crankshaft kanye nobuso bokugcina bezinyo lediski lesikhathi. Ukufundwa kufanele kube phakathi kuka-0,5 no-1,2 mm. Uma imvume yokukhweza iphansi noma ingaphezulu kunejwayelekile, susa inzwa futhi uhlole indlu ukuze ubone umonakalo, hlanza inzwa yemfucumfucu. Hlola nge-caliper usayizi ukusuka endizeni yenzwa ukuya ekugcineni kwesici sayo esibucayi; kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-24 ± 0,1 mm. Inzwa engahlangabezani nale mfuneko kufanele ishintshwe. Uma inzwa isesimweni esihle, lapho uyifaka, faka i-gasket yobukhulu obufanele ngaphansi kwe-sensor flange. Qinisekisa isikhala esanele sokukhweza lapho ufaka inzwa. Ngemuva kokuxazulula inkinga, vula ukuthungela, qala injini.

Ungashintsha kanjani inzwa yendawo ye-crankshaft?

Ama-nuances abalulekile okufanele abhekwe lapho ushintsha i-DPKV:

1. Ngaphambi kokuhlakazwa, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amamaki abonisa isikhundla sebhawodi esihlobene nenzwa, i-DPKV uqobo, kanye nokumaka izintambo nokuxhumana kukagesi.
2. Lapho ukhipha futhi ufaka inzwa entsha ye-PKV, kunconywa ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi idiski yesikhathi isesimweni esihle.
3. Shintsha imitha ngehhanisi ne-firmware.

Ukuze ungene esikhundleni senzwa ye-PKV, uzodinga:

• idivayisi yokulinganisa entsha;
• umhloli ozenzakalelayo;
• i-cavernometer;
• isikliphu 10.

I-algorithm yesenzo

Ukuze ushintshe inzwa yendawo ye-crankshaft ngezandla zakho, udinga:

1. Cisha ukuthungela.
2. Nciphisa idivayisi ye-elekthronikhi amandla ngokunqamula ibhulokhi yetheminali kusilawuli.
3. Ngesikrufu, khumula isikulufu esilungisa inzwa, susa i-DPKV engalungile.
4. Sebenzisa iragi ukuze uhlanze indawo okufikela kuyo amadiphozithi anamafutha kanye nokungcola.
5. Faka igeji yokucindezela entsha usebenzisa izibophelelo ezindala.
6. Yenza izilinganiso zokulawula zegebe phakathi kwamazinyo e-alternator drive pulley kanye ne-sensor core usebenzisa i-vernier caliper. Isikhala kufanele sihambisane namanani alandelayo: 1,0 + 0,41 mm. Uma igebe lincane (likhulu) kunenani elishiwo ngesikhathi sokulinganisa kokulawula, indawo yenzwa kufanele ilungiswe.
7. Hlola ukumelana kwenzwa yendawo ye-crankshaft usebenzisa ukuzihlola. Ngenzwa esebenzayo, kufanele ibe kububanzi obusuka ku-550 kuye ku-750 ohms.
8. Setha kabusha ikhompuyutha yohambo ukuze uvale isignali Yenjini Yokuhlola.
9. Xhuma inzwa yokuma kwe-crankshaft kumapayipi amakhulu (isixhumi sifakwe lokhu).
10. Hlola ukusebenza kwento esebenza ngogesi ngezindlela ezihlukene: lapho uphumule futhi ungaphansi komthwalo oguquguqukayo.