Inzwa yokugeleza komoya iMisa (DFID)

Ukulinganisa kanjani ukugeleza komoya wenjini. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zenzwa yokuhamba komoya ephukile ye-DFID nokuthi uzihlola kanjani

Ezimotweni ezifuywayo, isizathu esivamile sokuvakashela isiteshi sesevisi iyinzwa yokugeleza komoya. Lolu cingo luvame ukutholakala eduze kwesihlungi somoya futhi lubophezelekile ngenani lomoya ongena endaweni yamandla. Ngokulinganisa inani lomoya, inzwa inquma ukuthi kunezinkinga ngenjini, futhi iphinde ihlole ikhwalithi yekamelo elivuthayo kanye nenqubo yokucebisa ingxube kaphethiloli. Lezi zici ezibalulekile azithinti kuphela amandla enjini, kodwa futhi nokuphepha kokusebenza. Imvamisa i-DFID iba yinkinga enkulu emotweni ephazamisa ulwazi lokushayela.

Abashayeli abaningi abavela emndenini weVAZ 2110 babenezinkinga ngaleyunithi. Namuhla iningi labanikazi balezi zimoto liyazi ukuthi lingayihlola kanjani i-DFID futhi liyenze lisebenze kahle noma liyibuyisele elisha. Uma unomshini wesimanjemanje, akunconywa ukuhlola nokufaka inzwa esikhundleni sakho. Kungcono ukwenza umsebenzi esiteshini esikhethekile futhi uthole isiqinisekiso sekhwalithi ephezulu yeziphakamiso zakho.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqala ze-DFID?

Inzwa ye-MAF ayigcini nje kuphela kodwa futhi iqapha ukulethwa komoya enjini. Ukusebenza kwazo zonke izingxenye zobuchwepheshe zophiko kulawulwa yizinhlelo zamakhompiyutha, ezimweni eziningi ezilawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Kungakho umsebenzi we-DFID ubaluleke kangaka. Lokhu kuthinta ikhwalithi yunithi wamandla nezindlela zokusebenza ezihambisanayo. Lezi zindima ezibalulekile emotweni zenza ukuphuka kwenzwa kube yinkinga yangempela.

Izici eziyinhloko zokungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa zingachazwa kusetshenziswa uhlu lwezimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle eziningana. Kodwa kubalulekile ukucabangela iqiniso lokuthi kwezinye izimo akunakwenzeka ukucacisa umsuka wezimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba lula ukukhokhela ukuxilongwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kunokuzifunela imbangela yokungasebenzi kahle. Izici ezijwayelekile zokwehluleka kwe-DFID zifaka phakathi izindlela zokuziphatha ezilandelayo:

• inkomba ye-Check Engine kuphaneli yethuluzi ivuliwe, futhi kudingeka ukuxilongwa kwenjini;
• uphethiloli uyanda, kuyilapho ukwanda kungaba kukhulu futhi kungathandeki;
• lapho ume eduze kwesitolo imizuzu embalwa, ukuqala imoto kuba yinkinga yangempela;
• I-dynamics yemoto iyancipha, ukusheshisa kunciphisa, futhi iqhinga lokupompa i-pedal phansi alisebenzi nhlobo;
• amandla awazwakali ikakhulukazi ngenjini eshisayo, kumodi ebandayo ayiguquki;
• zonke izinkinga nokungasebenzi kahle kwenzeka emotweni kuphela ngemuva kokuthi injini ifudumele.

Inkinga yangempela ukuthi kunomoya omningi kakhulu noma omncane, ngakho-ke i-powertrain ayikwazi ukuphatha uphethiloli ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza kwenjini ezakhiwe ngumenzi azisenakwenzeka. Injini kunzima kakhulu ezimweni ezinjalo. Kungakuhle futhi ukuthi ubheke ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokugqwala okwandisiwe kuyunithi yamandla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umoya ovuthayo enjinini unganikezwanga ngendlela efanele, ukushiswa okungaphelele kukaphethiloli kungase kwenzeke. Le nkinga iwumphumela omubi ongaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu. Uma uthela uphethiloli ongashisiwe ku-crankcase, lapho uxuba khona namafutha, ikhwalithi ye-lubricant iyancipha izikhathi eziningana. Lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kokungqubuzana enjinini kanye nokuguga ngokweqile kwezingxenye.

Zihlolele ngokwakho inzwa ye-DFID - izindlela ezinhlanu zokubhekana nenkinga

Uma usola ukuthi inzwa yokugeleza komoya inesisindo sazo zonke izinkinga zakho, kufanele uhlole umbono wakho bese uthola impendulo eqondile yombuzo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, mane usebenzise ukuxilongwa usebenzisa enye yezindlela ezingezansi. Kepha ngaphambi kokuthi sikhulume ngamasu wokuhlola wezinzwa, nazi izimpikiswano ezimbalwa eziphikisana nokuzihlola nokuzinakekela kwemoto yakho.

Ochwepheshe beworkshop bazowenza wonke umsebenzi ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ngoba kufanele babhekane neDFID cishe nsuku zonke. Emizamweni yakho yokusombulula izinkinga, uhlola umshini osengozini yakho. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yokuxazulula izinkinga ishibhile kakhulu futhi ayidingi uhambo lokuya esikhungweni sensizakalo. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokubheka izinkinga ngenzwa ye-DFID:

• Nqamula inzwa ohlelweni lokuphakelwa komoya, kulokhu, ikhompyutha iyala ukubala inani lomoya ngokuya ngesikhundla se-valve enjinini. Uma, ngemuva kokucisha inzwa, imoto iqala ukushayela kangcono, kepha inyusa isivinini, khona-ke kukhona ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-DFID.
• Ukufaka i-firmware ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa kwenzwa. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi izinkinga zenjini azihlobene nenye i-firmware ye-ECU engaba imbangela yangempela yazo zonke izinkinga zakho.
• Bheka i-DFID ngedivayisi yokulinganisa ebizwa nge-Multimer. Izinzwa ezithile zeBosch kuphela ezingabhekwa ngale ndlela. Imininingwane eningiliziwe ngezivivinyo ingatholakala kwimiyalo yemoto noma ngqo kunzwa efakiwe.
• Ukuhlola nokuhlola okubukwayo kwesimo senzwa. Lolu hlelo lokuhlola lwendabuko luvame ukukhomba inkinga. Uma ingaphakathi le-DFID linothuli, ungayishintsha ngokuphepha futhi ubheke ngokucophelela ukuma kwawo wonke ama-O-ring.
• Ukushintshwa kwenzwa ye-DFID Le ndlela ikulungele uma ungafuni ukwenza ukuxilonga futhi nje ufuna ukufaka inzwa entsha. Kwanele ukumane ubeke leyo nto bese uqinisekisa ukuthi inkinga ibifihliwe kuleyo node ethile.

Lezi izindlela ezilula zokuthola inzwa yokugeleza kwesisindo ezokusiza ukunquma amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwale divayisi. Vele, endaweni egalaji, kulula ukwenza inketho yokuqala neyokugcina yokuxilonga nokulungisa. Lezi izindlela ezinembe kakhulu nezingenazihibe zokunquma impilo yezinzwa nokulawula izindlela ezidingekayo zokusebenzisa imoto emotweni ngaphandle kwezindleko ezinkulu zezezimali.

Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukuxilonga ukwehluleka kwenzwa usebenzisa imishini ekhethekile. Labo abanamakhono kwezobuciko bayazazi izimpawu ezisheshayo zokungasebenzi kahle kwe-node sensor. Imvamisa akudingeki nokuthi baqale ukuxilonga ukulungisa inkinga. Ngaphandle kokuchazwa kwezindlela zokuzinqumela zonke izinkinga ezingaba khona, asikukhuthazi ukungenela okuzimele ohlelweni lokusebenza kwenzwa.

Iziphetho:

Isixazululo esihle cishe kunoma iyiphi inkinga ngemoto wuhambo oluya kwinsizakalo yobuchwepheshe, ukuxilongwa kobungcweti kanye nokushintshwa kwezingxenye ezingasetshenzisiwe ngezokuqala noma lezo ezinconywe ngumenzi. Kodwa lokhu akuhlali kunjalo. Kwesinye isikhathi kulula kakhulu futhi kushibhile ukwenza ukuxilongwa komuntu komshini usebenzisa izindlela ezilula futhi ezaziwayo ezingadingi imishini ekhethekile.

Uma ufuna ukuzama lezi zindlela, ungazihlola inzwa yokugeleza kobuningi ngokwakho. Okuwukuphela kwento ebabazekayo kule nqubo ukuthi ukufakwa kwenzwa engaphephile cishe kuzokulimaza ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezizayo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokufakwa, funda isahluko esifanele emiyalweni yemoto, futhi unake isikhundla esidingekayo sayo yonke imichilo yokufaka uphawu lwenjoloba kudivayisi. Ngabe uke washintsha inzwa yakho ye-DFID ngokwakho?

Yini inzwa eyi-MAF futhi iyini inqubomgomo yokusebenza kwawo?

Kusuka esihlokweni uzofunda ukuthi yiluphi uphawu oluyinhloko lokungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa yokugeleza komoya. Kodwa ngaphambi kokwenza ukuxilongwa okubukwayo, udinga ukukhuluma kancane ngokuthi hlobo luni lwedivayisi, ukuthi isimiso sayo sokusebenza siyini, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, qaphela ukugcinwa nokulungiswa.

Inzwa yokugeleza komoya iyadingeka ukuze kusebenze kahle iyunithi yokulawula ngogesi. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zisetshenziselwa izinjini zomjovo kuphela. Ngamanye amagama, lezi iningi lezimoto zakuleli ezikhiqizwe ngemuva kuka-2000.

Imininingwane eyisisekelo ngenzwa yokuhamba komoya

Isifinyezo njenge-DFID. Isetshenziselwa ukukala wonke umoya ongena ku-throttle yokuxuba. Ithumela isignali yayo ngqo kwiyunithi yokulawula ngogesi. Le sensor ye-MAF ifakwe ngqo eceleni kwesihlungi somoya. Ngokuqondile, phakathi kwayo neyunithi yegesi. Idivayisi yale divayisi "intekenteke" kangangoba ngosizo lwayo kuyadingeka ukukala umoya ohlanzwe kahle kuphela.

Futhi manje kancane mayelana nokuthi le nzwa isebenza kanjani. Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi isebenza ngendlela yokuthi phakathi nomjikelezo owodwa wokusebenza kudingekile ukunikeza uphethiloli nomoya ku-cylinder ngayinye ngesilinganiso esiqinile sika-1 kuya ku-14. Uma lesi silinganiso sishintsha, ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwamandla enjini kuzokwenzeka. Kuphela uma unamathela kule ngxenye injini izosebenza ngemodi ekahle.

Imisebenzi ye-Mass Air Flow Sensor Thinta

Futhi ngosizo lwe-DFID lapho kulinganiswa wonke umoya ongena enjinini. Kuqala kubalwa inani eliphelele lomoya, ngemuva kwalokhu lolu lwazi luthunyelwa ngedijithali kuphiko lokulawula elektroniki. Okokugcina, ngokususelwa kule mininingwane, kubalwa inani likaphethiloli okumele linikezwe ukuxuba okufanele. Futhi ukwenza ngesilinganiso esifanele. Kulokhu, inzwa yokugeleza komoya ngokoqobo isabela ngokushesha ekuguqulweni kwemodi yokusebenza kwenjini. Uphawu lwenzwa ye-MAF engasebenzi kahle kuyimpendulo ende uma i-accelerator (gas) pedal icindezelwa.

Isibonelo, uqala ukucindezela i-accelerator pedal ngamandla. Kuleli qophelo, ukugeleza komoya kujantshi kaphethiloli kuyanda. I-DFID iluphawula lolu shintsho bese ithumela umyalo ku-ECU. Lesi sakamuva, sihlaziya idatha yokufaka, siyiqhathanisa nemephu kaphethiloli, sikhetha inani elijwayelekile likaphethiloli. Elinye icala uma uhamba ngokulingana, i.e. ngaphandle kokusheshisa nokubopha amabhuleki. Bese kudliwa umoya omncane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uphethiloli uzophinde unikezwe ngamanani amancane.

Izinqubo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini

Futhi manje okuthe xaxa mayelana nokuthi zonke lezi zinqubo zenzeka kanjani enjinini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Lapha, i-physics eyisisekelo inomthelela emsebenzini ngezindlela eziningi. Isibonelo, uma ucindezela i-accelerator pedal, i-valve stem ivuleka ngokungazelelwe. Lapho ivula ngokwengeziwe, kulapho umoya uqala khona ukumunzwa ohlelweni lokujova uphethiloli.

Ngakho-ke, uma ucindezela i-accelerator pedal, umthwalo uyanda, futhi uma ukhululiwe, uyancipha. Singasho ukuthi i-DFID ilandela lezi zinguquko. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi uphawu oluyinhloko lokungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa yokugeleza komoya ukwehla kwezakhiwo eziguqukayo zemoto.

Izici zokudizayina

Ingenye yezinzwa ezibiza kakhulu ohlelweni lokuphathwa kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi iqukethe insimbi ebizayo, okuyi-platinum. Isisekelo senzwa yishubhu lepulasitiki lobubanzi obuchazwe ngokuqinile. Itholakala phakathi kwesihlungi nokuminyanisa. Ngaphakathi kwebhokisi kunocingo lweplatinamu oluncane. Ububanzi bayo bungaba ama-micrometer angama-70.

Vele, kunzima kakhulu ukukala umoya odlulayo. Kuhlelo lokulawula injini yomlilo, isilinganiso sokugeleza komoya kusekelwe esilinganisweni sokushisa. Izindikimba zePlatinum zingaphansi kokushisa okusheshayo. Ukushisa kwalo kwehla kangakanani uma kuqhathaniswa nenani elibekiwe kunquma inani lomoya odlula emzimbeni wenzwa. Bheka izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa ye-MAF ukubona ukuthi kulungile yini.

Ukulondolozwa Kwensimbi ye-MAF

Lapho injini isebenza ngohlelo lokulawula ngogesi, inzwa iba ngcolile. Ukuze uyihlanze, kufakwe i-algorithm ekhethekile ohlelweni lokulawula. Ikuvumela ukuthi ushise ucingo lwe-platinum ngomzuzwana owodwa nje kuya ekushiseni okungaba yizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane. Uma kukhona ukungcola ebusweni balolu cingo, zivutha ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulandela. Lokhu kuhlanza inzwa ye-MAF. Izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle komklamo owodwa noma kwenye zizofana.

Le nqubo yenziwa njalo lapho injini imiswa. I-DFID ilula kakhulu ekwakhiweni futhi inokwethenjelwa kakhulu ekusebenzeni. Noma kunjalo, akunconywa ukulungisa idivayisi uqobo. Uma kwenzeka intuthuko, kungcono ukuxhumana nabalimi abanekhono kanye nemishini.

Okubi kwe-MAF Sensor Assembly

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi uma inzwa yehluleka, iphumelela kakhulu ukuyifaka esikhundleni esisha. Ayikwazi ukulungiswa, okuyi-drawback yayo eyinhloko, njengoba izindleko zentsha ngezinye izikhathi zidlula ama-dollar angu-500. Kodwa kukhona enye i-drawback encane - isimiso sokusebenza. Lokhu kubi kunayo yonke inzwa yokugeleza komoya. Lesi sihloko sikhuluma ngezimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle (udizili noma uphethiloli).

Ilinganisa inani lomoya ongene ku-valve mpintsha. Kepha ukuze injini isebenze, kubalulekile ukuthi ungazi ivolumu, kepha ubukhulu. Vele, futhi udinga ukwazi ukuminyana komoya ukwenza ukuguqulwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufakwa idivaysi yokulinganisa emgodini wokungenisa umoya endaweni eseduze nenzwa yokushisa.

Ungayinyusa kanjani impilo yesevisi

Zama ukushintsha isihlungi somoya ngesikhathi, njengoba i-DFID ingeke ikwazi ukusebenza isikhathi eside uma umoya ongcolile udlula kuyo. Ukuxubha imicu kanye nayo yonke indawo yangaphakathi kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa isifutho esikhethekile nge-carburetor. Zama ukwenza konke ngokucophelela, ungathinti lemiklamo. Ngaphandle kwalokho "thola" indawo ebizayo yenzwa yokugeleza komoya.

Inzwa yokucindezela ivame ukufakwa futhi isetshenziselwa ukuqapha ukuhamba komoya emakamelweni omlilo. Ukwandisa impilo yensizakalo ye-DFID, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubeke esikhundleni isihlungi somoya ngesikhathi esifanele futhi unake iqembu le-cylinder-piston. Ikakhulu, ukugqokwa ngokweqile kumasongo e-piston kuzodala ukuthi ucingo lwe-platinamu luboshwe nge-oily carbon. Lokhu kuzophula kancane kancane inzwa.

Izingozi ezinkulu

Kufanele wazi ukuthi ungabona kanjani ukwehluleka kwenzwa yokuhamba komoya. Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ishintsha njalo indlela esebenza ngayo. Izingxube ezahlukahlukene zomoya / uphethiloli ziyadingeka kuye ngejubane nomthwalo. I-DFID iyadingeka ukuyihlanganisa kahle. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-flow meter.

Njengoba usuvele wazi, lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi unqume futhi ulawule ubukhulu bomoya ongena kujantshi wokujova kaphethiloli wohlelo lokujova. Uma inzwa yakho yokugeleza komoya isebenza ngemodi ekahle, lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi injini isebenza kahle. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi idivaysi enjalo ayinakulungiswa noma ngabe unamathuluzi amaningi nezinsiza.

Izimpawu zephutha

Futhi manje okuncane mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezivela lapho inzwa ihluleka. Imvamisa, lapho le element ihluleka, injini iqala ukungenzi ngezikhathi ezithile, ijubane layo lilokhu lishintsha njalo. Uma usheshisa, imoto iqala "ukucabanga" isikhathi eside, akunamandla okushintsha. Imvamisa ijubane le-crankshaft lizokwehla noma lenyuke ngejubane elingenzi lutho. Futhi uma kufanele ucishe injini, kunzima kakhulu futhi kwesinye isikhathi akunakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukubuyisela inzwa ye-MAF. Esedlule, amaphutha aqoshwa yi-ECU, nakanjani azoholela ephutha lenjini.

Sicela wazi ukuthi inzwa ngokwayo ayihlali unomphela. Ukuqhekeka okuncane noma ukusika kuvame ukubonakala ku-corrugation exhumanisa inzwa ne-throttle. Uma ngokungazelelwe uqaphela ukuthi ukukhanya kwe-Check Engine kuvela kuphaneli yokulawula futhi izimpawu ezingenhla zikhona, lapho-ke singasho ukuthi inzwa yokugeleza isisetshenzisiwe. Kepha ungathembeli kulokhu kuphela. Kungcono ukwenza ukuxilongwa okuphelele kwenjini. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa ye-MAF ziyefana kakhulu nalezo ezenzeka, ngokwesibonelo, lapho i-TPS yehluleka.

Le nzwa yokugeleza komoya omkhulu iklanyelwe ukunikeza ulwazi mayelana nenani lomoya ongena kumasilinda enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ku-ECU. Lezi zixhobo zivame ukuhlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo eziningana - imishini, ifilimu (intambo eshisayo ne-diaphragm), izinzwa zokucindezela. Uhlobo lokuqala lubhekwa njengoluphelelwe yisikhathi futhi aluvamile ukusetshenziswa, kanti ezinye zivame kakhulu. Kunenombolo yezimpawu ezijwayelekile nezizathu zokuthi kungani imitha yokugeleza ingaphumeleli ngokuphelele noma kancane. Bese sizobabheka futhi sikhulume ngendlela yokuhlola, ukulungisa noma ukufaka esikhundleni se-flowmeter.

Yini imitha yokugeleza

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, amamitha wokugeleza aklanyelwe ukukhombisa ivolumu nokulawulwa komoya osetshenziswa yinjini. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nencazelo yesimiso somsebenzi wabo, kubalulekile ukuphakamisa inkinga yezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ekugcineni kuzoncika kulokho nokuthi kusebenza kanjani.

Izinhlobo zamamitha wokugeleza

Ukubukeka kwe-flowmeter

Amamodeli okuqala ayenziwe ngomshini futhi afakwa kulezi zinhlelo zokujova uphethiloli ezilandelayo:

• umjovo osebenzayo osatshalaliswayo;
• umjovo we-elekthronikhi owakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye nokushisa kwe-Motronic ngogesi;
• K-Jetronic;
• I-KE-Jetronic;
• AbakwaJetronic.

Umzimba wemitha yokugeleza komshini uqukethe ikamelo lokudonswa kokushaqeka, isilinganisi sokulinganisa, isiphethu sokubuya, isifutho sokushaqeka esinciphisayo, i-potentiometer, nokudlula (ngokudlula) okunesilawuli esiguquguqukayo.

Ngaphezu kwamamitha wokugeleza komshini, kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo zamadivayisi athuthukile kakhulu:

• iziphetho ezishisayo;
• intambo eshisayo ye-anemometer flowmeter;
• i-flowmeter ye-orifice enamandla
• Inzwa yokucindezela komoya eninginingi.

Isimiso sokusebenza se-Flowmeter

Isikimu semishini se-flowmeter. 1 - ukuhlinzeka nge-voltage kusuka kuyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi; 2 - inzwa yokushisa yomoya engenisiwe; 3 - ukunikezwa komoya kusuka kusihlungi somoya; 4 - intwasahlobo evunguzayo; I-5 - igumbi lokuthuthumela; I-6 - igumbi elimanzi le-shock absorber; 7 - ukunikezwa komoya ku-throttle; 8 - i-valve yokucindezela umoya; 9 - dlula isiteshi; I-10 - i-potentiometer

Ake siqale ngemitha yokugeleza komshini, umgomo wawo osuselwa ekutheni i-valve yamamitha ihamba ibanga elingakanani kuye ngevolumu yomoya odlulayo. Ku-eksisi efanayo ne-damper yokulinganisa i-damper damper ne-potentiometer (isihlukanisi samandla eguquguqukayo). Lesi sakamuva senziwa ngesifunda se-elekthronikhi nge-rails yesitikha se-soldered. Ngenkathi yokuguqula i-valve, isilayida sihamba nabo bese ngaleyo ndlela sishintsha ukumelana. Ngakho-ke, amandla we-voltage adluliswa yi-potentiometer alinganiswa ngokuya ngempendulo enhle futhi adluliselwa kuyunithi yokulawula ngogesi. Ukulawula ukusebenza kwe-potentiometer, inzwa yokushisa komoya engenayo ifakiwe kusifunda sayo.

Kodwa-ke, amamitha wokugeleza kwemishini manje athathwa njengasasebenzi njengoba ethathelwe indawo ngozakwabo abasebenza ngogesi. Azinazo izingxenye zomshini ezihambayo, ngakho-ke zinokwethenjelwa, zinikeza imiphumela enembile futhi ukusebenza kwazo akuxhomekile ekushiseni komoya odlayo.

Elinye igama lamamitha okugeleza anjalo inzwa yokugeleza komoya, yona, ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili kuye ngokuthi inzwa esetshenzisiwe:

• ucingo (inzwa yocingo eshisayo ye-MAF);
• ifilimu (hot film flow sensor, HFM).

Imitha yokugeleza komoya enesici sokushisa (intambo). 1 - inzwa yokushisa; I-2 - indandatho yenzwa enesici sokushisa esinezintambo; 3 - i-rheostat enembile; Qm - ukugeleza komoya ngeyunithi yesikhathi

Uhlobo lokuqala lwedivayisi lususelwa ekusetshenzisweni kweplathinamu evuthayo. Isifunda sikagesi sihlala sigcina intambo isesimweni esivuthayo (i-platinum yakhethwa ngoba insimbi inamandla amancane, ayihlanganisi futhi ayiziboleki ezintweni zamakhemikhali ezinolaka). Idizayini ihlinzeka ukuthi umoya odlulayo upholisa ubuso bawo. Isekethe kagesi inemibiko engemihle, lapho lapho ikhoyili iphola, kusetshenziswa amandla kagesi amaningi kuyo ukugcina ukushisa okungaguquguquki.

Isifunda siphinde sibe nesiguquli umsebenzi wakhe ukuguqula inani lamanje elishintshayo libe umehluko ongaba khona, i.e. i-voltage. Kunobudlelwano obungewona umugqa womchazi phakathi kwevelu ye-voltage etholiwe kanye nevolumu yomoya engekho. Ifomula eqondile ihlelwe ku-ECU futhi ngokuhambisana nayo, inquma ukuthi ungakanani umoya odingekayo ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Idizayini yemitha ikhombisa lokho okubizwa ngemodi yokuzihlanza. Kulokhu, intambo yeplathinamu ifudunyezwa ngokushisa okungu + 1000 ° C. Ngenxa yokushisa, izakhi zamakhemikhali ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi uthuli, ziyahwamuka ebusweni bazo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yalokhu okushisa, ubukhulu bezintambo buyehla kancane kancane. Lokhu kuholela, okokuqala, emaphutheni ekufundweni kwenzwa, futhi okwesibili, ekugqokeni kancane kancane kwentambo uqobo.

Isekhethi yemitha ye-anemometer mass flow meter 1 - izikhonkwane zokuxhuma kagesi, 2 - ishubhu yokulinganisa noma indlu yesihlungi somoya, 3 - isekethe yokubala (i-hybrid circuit), 4 - i-air inlet, 5 - isici senzwa, 6 - i-air outlet, 7 - i-bypass channel , 8 - umzimba wezinzwa.

Izinzwa zokugeleza komoya zisebenza kanjani

Manje cabangela ukusebenza kwezinzwa zokugeleza komoya. Ziyizinhlobo ezimbili - ezine-anemometer yocingo olushisayo futhi esekelwe ku-diaphragm enodonga oluqinile. Ake siqale ngencazelo yokuqala.

Lokhu kungumphumela wokuvela kwemitha kagesi, kepha esikhundleni socingo, kulokhu, i-silicon crystal isetshenziswa njengezinto zenzwa, ebusweni lapho kudayiswa khona izingqimba eziningana zeplathinamu, ezisetshenziswa njengeziphikisi. Ngokuqondene:

• i-heater;
• ama-thermistor amabili;
• ukungenisa isitho sokushisa somoya.

Isici sokuzwa sitholakala esiteshini lapho umoya ugeleza khona. Ishiswa njalo ngokusetshenziswa kwesifudumezi. Uma ususemgodini, umoya ushintsha ukushisa kwawo, okurekhodwa ngama-thermistors afakwe kuzo zombili iziphetho zendlela. Umehluko ekufundweni kwabo emaceleni womabili e-diaphragm umehluko ongaba khona, i.e. i-voltage engapheli (kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-5 V). Esikhathini esiningi, lesi siginali ye-analogi ifakwa ekhompyutheni ngohlobo lwezinkanuko zikagesi ezidluliselwa ngqo kwikhompyutha yemoto.

Umgomo wokulinganisa izinga lokugeleza okukhulu kwe-anemometer yocingo olushisayo lwefilimu yomoya. I-1 - isici sokushisa lapho kungabikho ukugeleza komoya; I-2 - isici sokushisa phambi kokugeleza komoya; 3 - isici esibucayi senzwa; 4 - indawo yokushisa; 5 - i-diaphragm yezinzwa; 6 - inzwa eneshubhu yokulinganisa; 7 - ukugeleza komoya; M1, M2 - amaphuzu okulinganisa, T1, T2 - amanani okushisa ezindaweni zokulinganisa i-M1 ne-M2; ΔT - umehluko wezinga lokushisa

Ngokuqondene nezihlungi zohlobo lwesibili, zisuselwa ekusetshenzisweni kwesifafazwe esijiyile esisekelweni se-ceramic. Inzwa yayo esebenzayo ibona ushintsho ku-vacuum emoyeni kokuphindaphindwayo kokungenayo okususelwa ekuguqulweni kwe-membrane diaphragm. Ngokwe-deformation ephawulekayo, kutholakala idome elihambisanayo enobubanzi obungu-3 ... 5 mm nokuphakama okungaba yikhulu lama-microns. Ngaphakathi kunezakhi ze-piezoelectric eziguqula imiphumela yemishini ibe amasiginali kagesi, adluliselwe ku-ECU.

Isimiso sokusebenza kwenzwa yomfutho womoya

Ezimotweni zesimanje ezinokuthungela nge-elekthronikhi, izinzwa zengcindezi yomoya ziyasetshenziswa, ezibhekwa njengezithuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe kunamamitha wokugeleza wakudala, ezisebenza ngokuvumelana nezinhlelo ezichazwe ngenhla. Inzwa itholakala ezininginingi futhi ithola ingcindezi nomthwalo wenjini, kanye nenani lamagesi ajwayelekile. Ikakhulu, ixhunywe kokuphindaphindwayo kokungenisa kusetshenziswa ipayipi le-vacuum. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kukhiqizwa i-vacuum ezininginingi, esebenza kulwelwesi lwenzwa. Ngokuqondile kulwelwesi kunezilinganiso zokucindezela, ukumelana kagesi okuguqukayo ngokuya ngendawo yolwelwesi.

I-algorithm yokusebenza kwezinzwa ihlanganisa ukuqhathanisa ukucindezela komkhathi nomfutho we-membrane. Uma kukhulu, ukumelana kakhulu futhi, ngakho-ke, i-voltage ehlinzekwa kukhompyutha iyashintsha. Inzwa inikwa amandla yi-5 V DC, futhi isiginali yokulawula iyi-pulse ene-voltage engaguquki ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-4,5 V (esimweni sokuqala, injini ayisebenzi, futhi esimweni sesibili, injini isebenza ngomthwalo omkhulu) . Ikhompiyutha ibala ngokuqondile inani lomoya omningi, okuhlanganisa ngokusekelwe kubuningi bomoya, izinga lokushisa layo kanye nenani lokuguquguquka kwe-crankshaft.

Ngenxa yokuthi inzwa yokuhamba komoya ngobuningi iyidivayisi esengozini kakhulu futhi ivame ukwehluleka, cishe ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000, abakhiqizi bezimoto baqala ukuyeka ukusetshenziswa kwabo bethanda izinjini ezinenzwa yokucindezela umoya.

Imitha yokugeleza kwefilimu yomoya. I-1 - isifunda sokulinganisa; 2 - i-diaphragm; ukucindezela ekamelweni lokubhekisela - 3; 4 - izakhi zokulinganisa; 5 - i-ceramic substrate

Usebenzisa idatha etholakele, iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi ilawula imingcele elandelayo.

Okwezinjini zikaphethiloli:

• isikhathi sokujova uphethiloli;
• ubuningi bayo;
• umzuzu wokuqala ukuthungela;
• i-algorithm yesistimu yokutakula umusi kaphethiloli.

Izinjini zikadizili:

• isikhathi sokujova uphethiloli;
• i-algorithm yohlelo lokukhishwa kabusha kwegesi.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, idivaysi yenzwa ilula, kepha yenza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile ngaphandle kokuthi ukusebenza kwezinjini zangaphakathi zomlilo bekungeke kwenzeke. Manje ake siqhubekele kwizimpawu nezimbangela zamaphutha kule node.

Izimpawu nezimbangela zamaphutha

Uma imitha yokugeleza ihluleka kancane, umshayeli uzobona esisodwa noma eziningi zezimo ezilandelayo. Ngokuqondene:

• Le njini ayifuni ukuduma;
• ukusebenza okungazinzile (isivinini ezintantayo) senjini ngemodi yokungenzi lutho, kuze kube sekumeni kwayo;
• izici ezinamandla zemoto ziyancipha (ngesikhathi sokusheshisa, injini "iyahlehla" uma ucindezela i-accelerator pedal);
• ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwephethiloli;
• kudeshibhodi yedeshibhodi.

Lezi zimpawu zingabangelwa ezinye izinto ezingasebenzi kahle ezingxenyeni ezithile zenjini, kodwa phakathi kwezinye izinto, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukusebenza kwemitha yomoya. Manje ake sicabangele izizathu zamaphutha achaziwe:

• Ukuguga kwemvelo nokuhluleka kwenzwa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezindala ezinemitha yokugeleza yangempela.
• Ukugcwala ngokweqile ezimotweni Ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile kwenzwa nezingxenye zayo, imininingwane engalungile ingatholakala ku-ECU. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngokushisa okuphawulekayo kwensimbi, ukumelana kwayo kagesi kuyashintsha, futhi, ngokufanele, idatha ebaliwe enanini lomoya odlule kudivayisi.
• Ukulimala kwemishini kwimitha yokugeleza kungaba ngumphumela wezenzo ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, ukulimala lapho kufakwa esikhundleni sesihlungi somoya noma ezinye izinto eziseduze kwaso, ukulimala kokuphuma ngesikhathi sokufakwa, njll.
• Umswakama ngaphakathi kwebhokisi, isizathu asivamile, kepha lokhu kungenzeka uma, ngasizathu simbe, inani elikhulu lamanzi lingena egumbini lenjini. Ngakho-ke, isifunda esifushane singenzeka kusifunda senzwa.

Njengomthetho, i-flowmeter ayinakulungiswa (ngaphandle kwamasampuli womshini) futhi kufanele ithathelwe indawo uma yonakele. Ngenhlanhla, le divayisi ishibhile, futhi inqubo yokuqaqa nokuhlanganisa ayidingi isikhathi esiningi nomzamo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokufaka okunye esikhundleni, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuhlolwe inzwa bese uzama ukuhlanza inzwa nge-carburetor.

Ungahlola kanjani imitha yokuhamba komoya

Inqubo yokuqinisekisa ukugeleza kwemitha ilula futhi ingenziwa ngezindlela eziningana. Zibhekisise.

Inqamula inzwa

Indlela elula ukukhubaza i-flowmeter. Ukuze wenze lokhu, injini icishiwe, nqamula intambo yamandla efanele inzwa (imvamisa ibomvu nemnyama). Bese uqala injini bese ushayela. Uma isibani sesexwayiso se-Check Engine sikhanya kuphaneli yensimbi, isivinini sokungenzi lutho singaphezu kuka-1500 rpm futhi amandla emoto ayathuthuka, okusho ukuthi eyakho kungenzeka kakhulu inephutha. Nokho, sincoma ukuxilonga okwengeziwe.

Iskena ngeskena

Enye indlela yokuxilonga ukusebenzisa isithwebuli esikhethekile ukuxazulula izinkinga zezimoto. Njengamanje, kunenani elikhulu lamadivayisi anjalo. Amamodeli amaningi obuchwepheshe asetshenziswa emagalaji kaphethiloli noma ezikhungweni zesevisi. Kodwa-ke, kunesixazululo esilula somnikazi wemoto ojwayelekile.

Kuqukethe ukufaka isoftware ekhethekile kwi-smartphone noma ithebhulethi ye-Android. Usebenzisa ikhebuli ne-adaptha, igajethi ixhunywe ku-ECU yemoto, futhi uhlelo olungenhla lukuvumela ukuthi uthole ulwazi mayelana nekhodi yephutha. Ukuwaqonda, kufanele usebenzise izincwadi zokubhekisisa.

Ama-adaptha adumile:

• I-K-Line 409,1;
• I-ELM327;
• I-OP-COM.

Uma kukhulunywa ngesoftware, abanikazi bezimoto bavame ukusebenzisa le software elandelayo:

• ITorque Pro;
• OBD Auto Doctor;
• I-ScanMaster Lite;
• BMW Yini.

Amakhodi wephutha ajwayelekile yile:

• I-P0100 - i-mass or volume flow sensor circuit;
• I-P0102 - izinga eliphansi lesignali ekufakweni kwesifunda senzwa yokugeleza komoya ngobuningi noma ivolumu;
• I-P0103 - isignali mayelana nezinga eliphezulu lokokufaka komhlabathi noma umthamo wokugeleza komoya wenzwa.

Usebenzisa i-hardware ne-software efakwe kuhlu, awukwazi ukubheka kuphela iphutha lamamitha okuhamba komoya, kodwa futhi ungenza izilungiselelo ezingeziwe zenzwa efakiwe noma ezinye izinto zemoto.

Ukuhlola imitha nge-multimeter

Hlola i-DMRV nge-multimeter

Enye indlela edumile yabashayeli bezimoto ukubheka imitha yokugeleza nge-multimeter. Njengoba i-DFID BOSCH idume kakhulu ezweni lethu, i-algorithm yokuqinisekisa izoyichazela yona:

• Guqula i-multimeter ngemodi yokulinganisa yamandla ka-DC. Setha umkhawulo ophezulu ukuze insimbi ikwazi ukubona ama-voltages afinyelela ku-2 V.
• Qala injini yemoto bese uvula isembozo.
• Thola imitha yokugeleza ngqo. Ngokuvamile kutholakala phezu noma ngemuva kwezindlu zokuhlunga komoya.
• I-multimeter ebomvu kufanele ixhunywe ocingweni oluphuzi lwenzwa, bese kuthi i-multimeter emnyama ixhunywe koluhlaza.

Uma inzwa isesimweni esikahle, i-voltage esesikrinini se-multimeter akufanele yedlule i-1,05 V. Uma i-voltage iphakeme kakhulu, lapho inzwa isebenza ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye.
Sizokunikeza itafula elibonisa inani lamandla kagesi atholakele kanye nesimo sensor.

Ukuhlola okubonakalayo nokuhlanzwa kwe-flowmeter

Uma ungenaso isithwebuli noma isoftware ehlobene ukuthola isimo sensor ye-MAF, kufanele wenze ukuhlola okubonakalayo ukuthola ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-MAF. Iqiniso ngukuthi izimo azijwayelekile lapho ukungcola, uwoyela noma olunye uketshezi lobuchwepheshe lungena emzimbeni wakhe. Lokhu kuholela emaphutheni lapho kukhipha idatha kusuka kudivayisi.

Ekuhlolweni okubonakalayo, isinyathelo sokuqala ukukhipha imitha. Imodeli ngayinye yemoto ingaba nama-nuances ayo, kepha ngokuvamile, i-algorithm izoba yinto efana nale:

Vala ukuthungela kwemoto.

Sebenzisa i-wrench (imvamisa 10) ukunqamula i-hose yomoya ongena kuwo umoya.
Nqamula izintambo ezibalwe esigabeni esedlule kusukela kunzwa.
Hlanganisa inzwa ngokucophelela ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yindandatho ye-O.
Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukwenza ukuhlola okubonakalayo. Ikakhulu, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi bonke othintana nabo ababonakalayo basesimweni esihle, abaphukile noma banama-oxid. Futhi hlola uthuli, imfucumfucu, futhi usebenze uketshezi ngaphakathi kwebhokisi futhi ngqo kwinto ezwelayo. Ukuba khona kwabo kungaholela emaphutheni kokufundwayo.

Ngakho-ke, uma ukungcola okunjalo kutholakala, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza ibhokisi nezinto zokuzwa. Ukuze uthole lokhu, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-compressor yomoya kanye nezinti (ngaphandle kwemitha yokugeleza kwefilimu, ngeke ihlanzwe noma kuphume nomoya ocindezelwe).

Landela inqubo yokuhlanza ngokucophelela

ukuze kungonakaliswa izakhi zayo zangaphakathi, ikakhulukazi intambo.

Kukhona okunye ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa yokugeleza komoya. Isibonelo, uma yonke into ihlelekile ngedivayisi uqobo, ucingo oluxhumeka kwikhompiyutha esekhompyutheni lungase lusebenze. Ngenxa yalokho, isiginali izothunyelwa ku-processor ngokubambezeleka, okuzoba nomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni kwemoto. Ukuqiniseka ukuthi kuyasebenza, udinga ukukhala ucingo.

Imiphumela

Ekugcineni, sizonikeza amanye amathiphu wokuthi ungayandisa kanjani impilo yemitha yokugeleza komoya. Okokuqala, shintsha isihlungi somoya njalo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, inzwa izodonsa futhi inikeze idatha engalungile. Okwesibili, ungagcini ngokweqile injini futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uhlelo lokupholisa lusebenza kahle. Okwesithathu, uma uhlanza imitha, landela le nqubo ngokucophelela. Ngeshwa, iningi lezinzwa zokugeleza komoya zanamuhla azinakulungiswa, ngakho-ke, uma zihluleka ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye, kubalulekile ukufaka esikhundleni esifanele.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Inzwa ye-MAF kufanele ifunde malini? Motor 1.5 - ukusetshenziswa 9.5-10 kg / h (engenzi lutho), 19-21 kg / h (2000 rpm). Kwamanye ama-motor, inkomba ihlukile (kuye ngokuthi ivolumu nenani lama-valve).

Kwenzekani uma inzwa yokugeleza komoya ingasebenzi? Idling izolahlekelwa ukuzinza, ukushelela kwemoto kuzophazamiseka, ukuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi kuyoba nzima noma kungenzeki. Ukulahlekelwa amandla emoto.