Yini uketshezi lokuqondisa amandla, kanye nezinhlobo nokwehluka kwawo

IHydraulic power steering (GUR) wuhlelo oluyingxenye yokuqondisa imoto futhi lwenzelwe ukunciphisa imizamo yomshayeli lapho ejika amasondo okushayela. Yisifunda esivaliwe, ngaphakathi okukhona uketshezi lokuqondisa amandla. Esihlokweni sizocubungula izinhlobo zamanzi uketshezi lokuqondisa amandla, izici zawo nokwehluka kwawo.

Yini ukuqondisa amandla

Okokuqala, sizocubungula kafushane idivayisi yokuqondisa amandla. Njengoba sekushiwo, uhlelo luvaliwe, okusho ukuthi lungaphansi kwengcindezi. Amandla esiteringini afaka phakathi ipompo, i-steering rack esine-hydraulic cylinder, ichibi elinoketshezi, i-pressure regulator (i-bypass valve), i-control spool, kanye namapayipi okucindezela nawokubuyisa.

Lapho isondo lokushayela livuliwe, i-valve yokulawula iyajikeleza ukushintsha ukuhamba kwe-hydraulic. Isilinda se-hydraulic sihlanganiswe ne-steering rack futhi sisebenza kuzindlela zombili. Iphampu ibhande eliqhutshwa yimoto futhi lenza ingcindezi yokusebenza ohlelweni. I-valve yokudlula ilawula ingcindezi, ikhipha uketshezi oluningi njengoba kudingeka. Kusetshenziswa uwoyela okhethekile njengoketshezi ohlelweni.

Umfutholuketshezi okulekelela uketshezi

Uketshezi lokuqondisa amandla kudlulisa ingcindezi eyenziwe yiphampu iye ku-hydraulic cylinder piston. Lona ngumsebenzi wawo ophambili, kepha kukhona okunye:

• i-lubrication nokupholisa kwamayunithi wesistimu yokuqondisa amandla;
• ukuvikela ukugqwala.

Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe ilitha elilodwa likamanzi lizongenelela ohlelweni lokuqondisa amandla. Ithululelwa echibini, okuvame ukuba nezinkomba zezinga, kwesinye isikhathi izincomo zohlobo loketshezi.

Kunokhetho olukhulu lweziphuzo ezimakethe ezihlukile ngokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali (okwenziwa noma amaminerali) nombala (oluhlaza, obomvu, ophuzi). Futhi, umshayeli udinga ukuzulazula ngezifinyezo namagama oketshezi lokuqondisa amandla. Izinhlelo zanamuhla zisebenzisa:

• I-PSF (Power Steering Fluid) - uketshezi lokuqondisa amandla.
• I-ATF (i-Automatic Transmission Fluid) - uketshezi lokuhambisa oluzenzekelayo.
• UDexron II, III noMulti HF yizimpawu zokuhweba.

Izinhlobo zoketshezi lokuqondisa amandla

Uketshezi lokuqondisa amandla kufanele lube nezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene, ezinikezwa izithasiselo nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali. Phakathi kwazo:

• inkomba ye-viscosity edingekayo;
• ukumelana namazinga okushisa;
• izakhiwo zemishini ne-hydraulic;
• ukuvikela ukugqwala;
• izakhiwo ezilwa namagwebu;
• izakhiwo zokuthambisa.

Zonke lezi zici, ngokwezinga elithile noma kwelinye, ziphethwe yizo zonke iziphuzo ezihambisa amandla emakethe.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kuyahlukaniswa:

• okwenziwe;
• semi-zokwenziwa;
• amaminerali amafutha.

Ake sibheke umehluko wabo nobubanzi bawo.

Ukusebenzisana

Ama-synthetics asuselwa kuma-hydrocarbon (alkylbenzenes, polyalphaolefins) kanye nama-ether ahlukahlukene. Zonke lezi zinhlanganisela zitholakala njengomphumela wokuqondiswa kwamakhemikhali okuqondisiwe kusuka ku-petroleum. Lesi yisisekelo lapho kunezelwa khona izithasiselo ezahlukahlukene. Amafutha okwenziwa anezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

• inkomba ephezulu ye-viscosity;
• ukuzinza kwe-thermo-oxidative;
• impilo ende yokusebenza;
• ukungazinzi okuphansi;
• ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi futhi aphezulu;
• anti-ukugqwala okuhle kakhulu, anti-foam kanye nezindawo zokuthambisa.

Kepha noma zikhona lezi zici, owoyela abenziwe ngokuphelele abavamile ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuqondisa amandla ngenxa yobuningi bezimpawu zenjoloba ezinokwenziwa ngamakhemikhali ngokuhlasela. Ama-synthetic asetshenziswa kuphela uma kuvunywa ngumenzi. Okunye ukungalungi kwezinto zokwenziwa yintengo ephezulu.

Okukhiqizwayo

Ukunciphisa umphumela onolaka ezingxenyeni zenjoloba, abakhiqizi bangeze izithasiselo ezahlukahlukene ze-silicone.

Amaminerali

Amafutha amaminerali asuselwa ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zikaphethiloli ezifana nama-naphthenes nophalafini. I-97% iyisisekelo samaminerali, enye i-3% izithasiselo. Amafutha anjalo asebenza kakhulu ekuqondiseni amandla, njengoba engathathi hlangothi ezintweni zenjoloba. Ukushisa okusebenzayo ebangeni kusuka ku -40 ° С kuye ku-90 ° С. Izakhi zisebenza kuze kufike ku-130 ° C-150 ° C, umkhawulo ophansi uyafana. Owoyela bamaminerali bayabiza, kepha kokunye bangaphansi kwamafutha okwenziwa. Lokhu kusebenza empilweni yensizakalo, izakhiwo ezinamagwebu nezokuthambisa.

Uhlobo luni lwamafutha ongalithela esiteringini samandla - zokwenziwa noma amaminerali? Okokuqala, leyo enconyelwa ngumenzi.

Umehluko ngombala

Njengoba sekushiwo, uwoyela nawo uhlukile ngombala - obomvu, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani. Zombili zingamaminerali, zenziwe futhi zazimbili zokwenziwa.

Amanani

Basonta isigaba ATF, okungukuthi, ukudluliswa. Okuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuyasebenza nasekuqondiseni amandla. Amamaki abomvu uDexron II noDexron III ngukuthuthuka komenzi wezimoto iGeneral Motors. Kukhona eminye imikhiqizo ebomvu, kepha yenziwa ngaphansi kwelayisense kwaGeneral Motors.

Okuphuzi

Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhathazeka kweDaimler AG, ngokulandelana, kuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kumikhiqizo iMercedes-Benz, Maybach, AMG, Smart nabanye. Zingezesigaba sendawo yonke sezikhuthazi ze-hydraulic nokumiswa kwe-hydraulic. Amafutha amaminerali aphuzi asetshenziselwa ukuqondisa amandla. Imikhiqizo ephuzi edumile yiMobil neTotal.

Okuhlaza

Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhathazeka kwe-VAG, ngokulandelana, kusetshenziswa kumikhiqizo yeVolkswagen, iPorsche, Audi, Lamborghini, Bentley, Seat, Scania, MAN nabanye. Bangabesigaba sePSF, okungukuthi, basetshenziselwa ukuqondisa amandla kuphela.

UDaimler ubuye akhiqize ozakwabo abaluhlaza bePSF ngaphansi kophawu oludumile lwePentosin.

Ngingakwazi ukuhlanganisa imibala ehlukene

Kufanele kushiwo khona manjalo ukuthi ngokuvamile kungcono ukungavumeli ukuxuba owoyela abahlukahlukene, noma ngabe lokhu kuvunyelwe. Amafutha okwenziwa namaminerali akufanele ahlanganiswe ngenxa yokwehluka kwawo ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali.

Ungaxuba umbala ophuzi nobomvu, ngoba ukwakheka kwawo kwamakhemikhali kufana ngezindlela eziningi. Izithasiselo ngeke zisebenze nezinye izinto. Kepha kungcono ukushintsha le ngxube iye kokufana.

Amafutha aluhlaza awakwazi ukuxubaniswa nabanye, njengoba enesakhiwo samakhemikhali jikelele, okusho ukuthi, izingxenye zokwenziwa nezamaminerali.

Amafutha kufanele ahlanganiswe ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa kabusha, lapho izinga loketshezi echibini lehla. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuvuza okudinga ukukhonjwa nokulungiswa.

Izimpawu zokuvuza

Izimpawu ezingakhombisa ukuvuza koketshezi lokuqondisa amandla noma ukukhuluma ngesidingo sokukufaka esikhundleni:

• izinga lokuwa ethangini;
• ukuvuza kuvele ezingxenyeni zezimpawu noma ezikawoyela zohlelo;
• kuzwakala ukungqongqoza esiteringini lapho ushayela;
• isiteringi siphenduka siqine, ngomzamo;
• iphampu yokuqondisa amandla ikhipha imisindo yangaphandle, hum.

Ukuze ugcwalise uketshezi lokuqondisa amandla, kufanele kuqala usebenzise izincomo zomkhiqizi. Zama ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo owodwa ngaphandle kokuxuba. Uma kufanele uhlanganise uwoyela ohlukile, khumbula ukuthi uwoyela wamaminerali nowokwenziwa awuhambisani, noma ngabe engumbala ofanayo. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuqapha njalo izinga likawoyela nesimo salo.