Hlala kude: Izibhamu Eziyisithupha Ezithambile Ezingaphansi Kwezimoto Ezincane

U-gearbox ungowesibili obalulekile futhi obiza kakhulu emotweni ngemuva kwenjini. Ukuthembeka kwayo yikho okunquma ukuthi ungasebenzisa imoto yakho ngokunethezeka kangakanani, nokuthi uzoyidayisa ngamalini uma kufika isikhathi. Kulezi zinsuku, bayanda abantu abancike ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zokuzenzela - kulula kakhulu futhi akukhathali. Kodwa futhi zibiza kakhulu futhi zisengozini yokulimala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-automation ayinakuqhathaniswa ekukhuthazeleni. Vele, ukuqondisa kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni yabo, futhi idrayivu ehamba phambili ngeke imelane nodaka oluhamba njalo futhi olusindayo lwasemgwaqweni noma ukuqala okuvamile kumarobhothi njengoba ubungakwenza eMonaco Grand Prix. Ngakho-ke, ukukalwa okulandelayo kwe-automation entekenteke kunayo yonke kufanele kusacatshangelwa: kungenzeka ukuthi lezi zingxenye zizosebenza ngokunganaki iminyaka eminingi ngokusebenza kahle nokunakekelwa okufanele.

Ukuhanjiswa okuzenzakalelayo okuyisithupha okuyinkinga kakhulu:

IPowerShift DPS6 на iFord

Ekuqaleni kweshumi leminyaka elidlule, abakwaFord banqume ukulandela lo mkhuba futhi bethula i-dual-clutch othomathikhi, ekuqaleni eyenzelwe izimoto ezinkulu. Ngokusebenzisana noGetrag noLuk, abaseMelika badale iPowerShift DPS6, eyayinebhande elilodwa lokulingana nelinye lamagiya angajwayelekile. Ngokungafani nabanye abakhiqizi bamayunithi afanayo, abasebenzisa imigoqo "emanzi" (egcwele uketshezi olubabazekayo olubagcobayo), u-gearbox kaFord ubomile. Lokhu akwenzanga nje ukuthi kushibhe ukukhiqiza, kepha futhi kwandise ukusebenza kahle ngokudluliswa okungcono nokonga amandla okungashayela iphampu kawoyela yohlelo.

IPowerShift DPS6 на iFord

Nokho, kwamenza waba ntekenteke ngendlela engenakuqhathaniswa. Ngisho nangesikhathi sokuhlola, onjiniyela abahlanganyeli be-Getrag babhalela abaphathi ukuthi ngeke bakwazi ukusebenzisa isofthiwe ukunxephezela ukungaqageleki kwebhokisi, nokuthi kwakudingeka "lithuthukiswe kakhulu" ngaphambi kokuba liqale ukukhiqizwa. Isinqumo sabaphathi kwaba wukuqala ngokushesha ukukhiqiza ngaphandle kokuphakamisa udaba (abaningi bakhumbula icala elidabukisayo langeminyaka yawo-70 lapho i-accountant kwaFord inquma ukuthi kunenzuzo enkulu ukukhokha isinxephezelo sokufa okungenzeka ngenxa yeziphambeko zemodeli ye-Pinto kunokulungisa amaphutha). I-DPS6 ifakwe ikakhulukazi ku-Fiesta (2011-2016) kanye ne-Focus (2012-2016), kodwa futhi ku-Mondeo, C-max, Kuga ne-Ecosport. Amamodeli amaningi athengiswa e-EU anebhokisi le-clutch elimanzi, kodwa kunenkinga nge-clutch eyomile futhi.

IPowerShift DPS6 на iFord

Izikhalazo ziqale ngokuqala kwebhokisi likamagiya: ushintsho olunzima kakhulu lwegiya, ukushelela okungalindelekile okuholele ekutheni kube namaqhubu amaningi endaweni yokupaka izimoto, noma kugudlukele kokungathathi hlangothi emgwaqeni omkhulu, okuvame ukuholela ekushayisaneni kwezimoto ezingemuva. Umkhuhlane uvutha njalo futhi uphela ngokushesha okukhulu. UFord uqale wachaza amacala anezinkinga zesoftware, wabe esesola isici esinephutha (esenziwe yiLUK), kodwa ekugcineni waphoqeleka ukuthi avume ukuthi kunezinkinga eziningana zokwakheka. Ukulandela amacala esenzo sekilasi, inkampani ivumile ukunweba iwaranti ye-automatic enamaphutha futhi yakha ukulungiswa kuze kufike ku- $ 20.

I-Hydromechanical othomathikhi evela kwaRenault nasePeugeot

Abanye abaphangi bathi ngaleli bhokisi, elaziwa ngaphansi kwamakhodi u-DP0 no-DP2, amaFrance abuyisele lonke elaseYurophu ngeWaterloo. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990, bekuyintuthuko ehlangene yamaqembu eRenault nePSA Peugeot-Citroen, futhi itholakale cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zazo emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, kusukela kwaRenault Megane II kanye no-III kuya eDacia Sandero naseLogan, kanye nase I-Citroen C4 ne-C5.kuya kwaPeugeot 306, 307, 308 ngisho no-408.

Ngo-2009, i-automatic-speed ezine yathuthukiswa futhi yathola ikhodi entsha i-DP2, nezimoto ezine-4 × 4 drive, kwakhiwa uhlobo lwe-DP8, ngo-gearbox oyi-angular, odlulisa i-torque emasondweni angemuva nge-propeller shaft.

Ama-gearbox esizukulwane se-DP0 adume ngokuklama kwawo okungathembekile kwesiguquli se-torque kanye nensiza enesizotha yama-valve nama-hydraulic unit solenoids. Amalunga amabi avame ukuholela ekuvuzeni. Ukuziphatha kwemoto enalo gearbox akubikezeleki - iwadida amagiya, iyashintshashintsha ... Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yamagiya amancane kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kuphezulu kakhulu kunezimoto ezinemishini. Emithwalweni ephezulu evela ekusheshisweni okuvamile noma ukukhukhuleka, iyunithi ihluleka ngokuphelele, futhi kungase kudingeke ukushintshwa kokungqubuzana nama-bushings.

Uma ukulungiswa kungenziwa ngaphandle kokudiliza yonke iyunithi, intengo ayiphezulu kakhulu - mayelana ne-150-200 leva. Kodwa ukulungisa kabusha kakade kubiza cishe inkulungwane. Futhi lokhu akusizi ngalutho, ngoba kubiza kakhulu ukuthenga ukudluliselwa okusha kumkhiqizi onelayisensi.

I-7-speed DSG evela kwaVolkswagen

Okuyinkinga kakhulu kuwo wonke ama-VW transmissions i-7-speed dual-clutch robotic transmission, ebizwa nge-codenamed DQ200. Ivele ngo-2006 futhi ifakwe kumamodeli ahlukene wokukhathazeka - i-VW, i-Skoda, i-Seat ngisho ne-Audi. Ivame ukutholakala eGalofu, Passat, Octavia, Leon.

I-clutch eyomile i-DSG7 akufanele ididaniswe ne-DSG6 ethembeke kakhulu, ene-clutch emanzi. Esimweni sokuqala, izikhalazo mayelana nezinguquko ezibucayi nezicijile zamagiya, ukudlidlizela okungathandeki nokugqoka okusheshayo kwama-disc clutch kuqale ngokushesha okukhulu. Lezi zinkinga zazibucayi kakhulu kuzinguqulo zangaphambilini zaleli bhokisi, ezazenziwa ngaphambi kuka-2014.

I-7-speed DSG evela kwaVolkswagen

Ukuklanywa kwebhokisi elinjalo le-robotic kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunomshini, kodwa kulula kunomshini wangempela one-torque converter. Inama-input shafts amabili, ngalinye line-clutch yalo. Enye ihlanganisa amagiya angu-1-3-5-7, enye - 2-4-6. Ukushintsha nge-mechatronics.

Ubuhle balesi sikimu ukuthi kuvumela ushintsho cishe lwamagiya asheshayo futhi cishe akukho ukulahleka kwamandla. Ngakho-ke, izindleko ziphansi kakhulu.

Inkinga ukuthi ibhokisi elinjalo lenzelwe ukusheshisa okushelelayo futhi alikubekezeleli ukuqala nokuma okungazelelwe kokuminyana kwedolobha.

Abaqambi bazama ukumfundisa ukuzivumelanisa nesitayela somshayeli othile. Kepha imvamisa lesi "sitayela" sincike ezimweni zomgwaqo. Futhi uma imoto isetshenziswa abashayeli ababili, i-electronics idideke ngokuphelele.

Izinkinga ngezinguqulo ezindala zale DSG zivame ukuqala kusuka ku-60-80 izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha. Ambalwa kakhulu amabhokisi akwazi ukumelana no-100000 km ngaphandle kokulungiswa. Okuvame kakhulu ukugqokwa kwe-disc nokulimala kwe-mechatronics (okufanekiselwa), okubiza cishe i-BGN 1000. Ukulungiswa okuphelele kungabiza kalula izinkulungwane ezimbili noma ngaphezulu.

Ukudluliswa kwejubane okuguquguqukayo kweJatco JF011E

I-JATCO iyinkampani yaseJapane ezishintshayo ene-Nissan njengomnikazi wamasheya oyinhloko, kodwa futhi iMitsubishi neSuzuki.

Mhlawumbe umkhiqizo odume kakhulu wenkampani yi-JF011E CVT noma ukudluliselwa okuguquguqukayo okuqhubekayo. Ingatholakala yonke indawo - kwaNissan, Mitsubishi naseSuzuki (ngokunengqondo), kodwa futhi kwaRenault, Peugeot, Citroen, Jeep ngisho nabaseMelika baseDodge.

Impikiswano mayelana nekhwalithi yokuhlukahluka yathatha iminyaka ngaphandle kokuphakama kwelinye lamaqembu. Abasekeli babo bagcizelela ukuthi banokusebenza okuhle ngoba ngokufaka amagiya endabuko esikhundleni samageja wotho, bahlala benikela ngesilinganiso esifanelekile samagiya enjini. Futhi akukho ukulahleka kwe-torque lapho kugudlulwa, ngoba akukho okuguqukayo, kuphela ushintsho olubushelelezi kusilinganiso segiya.

Izitha zabo zithi lokhu kusebenza okuphezulu kuza ngokungazweli komqondo futhi kuhambisana nomsindo ongathandeki.

Kodwa inkinga engathi sína kakhulu ngama-CVT umugqa wensimbi phakathi kwama-cones. Kwanele ukuthi ashelele phakathi kwamawasha ukuze azinwaye noma alimaze amapuleti akhe. Noma kokubili. Futhi ukushelela okunjalo kwenzeka kalula - lapho i-variator engashiswanga ilayishwe kakhulu, lapho ushayela kakhulu noma lapho iphampu ingasebenzi kahle. Lokhu kwakamuva kwenzeka kaningi ngenxa yokungcola okunqwabelana oketshezini olusebenzayo. Ngakho-ke, sikweluleka ukuthi ushintshe uwoyela we-variator kuze kufike ku-60 km, uphelele ngezihlungi.

Ukulungiswa kwalesi sihlukaniso kuyabiza kakhulu - kusuka ku-1600 kuya ku-2000 leva.

IHydra-matic от iGeneral Motors

IHydra-matic GM 6T30 / 6T40 ingumqondo wesimanje we-6-speed hydromechanical automatic, kodwa ngeshwa ayithembekile kakhulu. Itholakala esizukulwaneni i-J Opel Astra, kweyokuqala i-Opel Mokka, e-Antara, nakwamanye amamodeli akwaChevrolet - Captiva, Aveo, Cruze.

Okucasula kakhulu ukuthi leli bhokisi lidala inkinga kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ushayela kanjani - kanti kubashayeli abapholile lidala izinkinga ezifanayo.

Izimpawu zokuqala zokuthi akuhambi kahle konke zingavela ngemuva kwamakhilomitha angama-30. Idrama ivela ikakhulukazi ezintweni ezingasathembeki ezilawula uketshezi olusebenzayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Ukulimala kweyunithi ye-hydraulic akuvamile.

Esimweni sokuqala, ukushisa ngokweqile kwenzeka, isiguquli se-torque siyaphuka, noma ama-disc friction adinga ukushintshwa. Kukhona ukuhlukaniswa okubhaliwe okwanele kwebhokisi lonke - ngisho nokuqhekeka kwekesi. Ngenxa yokuthambekela kokushisa ngokweqile, abanye abanikazi bafaka i-radiator eyengeziwe. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukulungisa akubizi kakhulu - mayelana ne-400-500 leva enezesekeli ezifakiwe.

Kumamodeli kuphela ngemuva kuka-2014 iningi lezinkinga ezisebhokisini selilungisiwe. Uma uthenga ngayo imoto, kuhle ukuthi i-automation ihlolwe ochwepheshe.

I-AMT evela ku-VAZ

Njengoba kufanele umkhiqizo womkhakha wobunjiniyela waseRussia, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-VAZ "ezishintshayo" kwahlala amashumi eminyaka, futhi izinyanga ezimbalwa zazanele ukuyiphula.

Izingcaphuno ku-"othomathikhi" azikho ngengozi - empeleni, i-AMT iyibhokisi le-gearbox elivamile lapho ukuguqulwa kwamagiya kwenziwa ngamadrayivu kagesi. Lolu hlobo lwamabhokisi lubizwa ngokuthi "manned" noma "robotic".

I-AMT ifakwe kumamodeli ahlukahlukene e-VAZ, kufaka phakathi iLada Vesta.

Kodwa-ke, amakhasimende okuqala amangala ngokuziphatha kwakhe: ukusheshisa kakhulu, ukushintsha kwamagiya sekwephuzile, ikakhulukazi lapho kufanele unciphise ijubane ... Zonke lezi zinkinga ngezinhlelo zesoftware nezinzwa ezinembile ezingathumeli imininingwane kuye. Kepha abathengi kungenzeka bakuthethelele lokhu uma okungenani ibhokisi beliqinile.

Kodwa kwakungenjalo. I-disc yokushayela ishisa ngokweqile futhi yaguga ngesivinini esirekhodiwe, okwathi ngemva kwalokho kwaqala ukushintshwa kwegiya okuya ngokuya kuba nomsindo nokungalingani, okuhambisana nokudlidliza nama- bangs amakhulu. Kuze kube, ekugcineni, uhlelo lwehlulekile ngokuphelele. Lokhu kudluliswa kwakungavamile ukumboza amakhilomitha angu-40 000, futhi ezimweni eziningi kwakudingeka ukulungiswa okunye okungu-20 000. Okuwukuphela kokuhlanganisa kulokhu kwakuwukuthi ukulungiswa kwakushibhile - kusuka ku-200 kuya ku-300 leva. Ekugcineni, i-VAZ ithuthukise inguqulo entsha yebhokisi le-AMT 2.0, elisebenza kangcono kakhulu.