Ithini i-VANOS system yakwaBMW, isebenza kanjani

Uhlelo lwe-VANOS (Variable Nockenwellen Steuerung) luyingxenye ebalulekile yezinjini zesimanje zakwaBMW, ngenxa yalokho kungenzeka ukunciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwegesi, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ukukhulisa i-torque yenjini kuma-revs aphansi futhi kukhuphule amandla aphezulu kumarevs aphezulu. Lolu hlelo luzovumela injini ukuthi isebenze izinze lapho ingenzi lutho, ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa aphansi.

Luyini uhlelo lweVanos

I-Nockenwellen Steuerung eguquguqukayo isiJalimane yokulawula okuguquguqukayo kwama-camshaft enjini. Lolu hlelo lwasungulwa ngonjiniyela bakwaBMW. I-VANOS empeleni iyisistimu yesikhathi se-valve eguquguqukayo. Isici sayo siwukuthi iyakwazi ukushintsha indawo ye-camshafts ehlobene ne-crankshaft. Ngakho, izigaba ze-gas distribution mechanism (GRM) zilawulwa. Lokhu kulungiswa kungenziwa kusuka ku-6 degrees ukuya phambili kuya ku-6 degrees kuncishiswe kusuka endaweni efile ephezulu.

Idivayisi kanye nezakhi eziyinhloko ze-Vanos

Uhlelo lwe-VANOS lutholakala phakathi kwe-camshaft negiya lokushayela. Umklamo wayo ulula. Ingxenye eyinhloko yesistimu ama-pistons ashintsha indawo yama-camshafts, ngaleyo ndlela eshintsha isikhathi se-valve. Lawa ma-piston asebenzisana namagiya e-camshaft ngokusebenzisa i-shaft enamazinyo exhuma kwi-piston. Lawa ma-piston aqhutshwa umfutho kawoyela.

Idivayisi ihlanganisa i-valve ekhethekile ye-solenoid, ukusebenza kwayo kulawulwa iyunithi yokulawula i-electronic (ECU). Ulwazi oluvela kuzinzwa zokuma kwe-camshaft luthathwa njengokufakwayo. Le nzwa inquma indawo ye-angular yamanje yama-shafts. Idatha etholiwe bese ithunyelwa ku-ECU ukuze iqhathanise inani elitholiwe ne-engeli enikeziwe.

Ngenxa yalezi zinguquko endaweni yama-camshafts, isikhathi se-valve siyashintsha. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-valve avula kancane kancane kunalokho okufanele, noma kancane kancane kunesimo sokuqala se-shafts.

Indlela uhlelo olusebenza ngayo

Njengamanje abakwaBMW basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besizukulwane sesine i-VANOS (variable camshaft control) ezinjinini zabo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isizukulwane sokuqala salobu buchwepheshe sasibizwa ngokuthi i-Single VANOS. Kulo, i-camshaft yokungenisa kuphela yayilawulwa, futhi izigaba zokuqeda zashintshwa ngezinyathelo (ngokucacile).

Umongo wokusebenza kwalolu hlelo wawumi kanje. Ukuma kwe-camshaft yokwamukela kulungiswe ngokusekelwe kudatha evela kunzwa yesivinini senjini kanye nendawo yokunyathela i-accelerator. Uma kufakwe umthwalo omncane (i-RPM ephansi) enjinini, ama-valve okungenisa aqala ukuvuleka kamuva, okwenza injini isebenze kahle.

Ukuvulwa kusenesikhathi kwamavalvu okukhiphayo ngesivinini senjini ebangeni elimaphakathi kukhulisa i-torque futhi kuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegesi yokukhipha igesi endaweni evuthayo, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokukhipha konke. Ngesivinini esiphezulu senjini, ama-valve okungena avuleka kamuva, okuholela emandleni amakhulu. Emizuzwini yokuqala ngemva kokuqala injini, isistimu ivula imodi ekhethekile, into eyinhloko ukunciphisa isikhathi sokufudumala.

Manje kusetshenziswa okuthiwa i-Double Vanos (Double Vanos) . Ngokungafani nesistimu ye-"Single", i-double ilawula ukusebenza kwe-camshafts yokudonsa nokukhipha futhi ukulawula kwabo kuhamba kahle. Ngokusetshenziswa kwesistimu ebuyekeziwe, kube nokwenzeka ukukhulisa ngokuphawulekayo itorque namandla enjini kulo lonke uhla lwe-rev. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kohlelo lwe-BiVanos, ingxenye encane yegesi yokukhipha ingashiswa kabusha ekamelweni elivuthayo, okuholela ekwandeni kobungani bemvelo benjini.

Manje zonke izimoto brand German zisebenzisa isizukulwane sesine Vanos uhlelo. Isici esiyinhloko sale nguqulo ukuthi isebenzisa amagiya e-Vanos kuma-camshafts okuphuza nawokukhipha. Onjiniyela be-BMW benze uhlelo luqine kakhulu: manje yonke i-actuator itholakala kuma-sprockets wesikhathi ngokwawo. Hhayi-ke, ngokuvamile, isizukulwane sesine sohlelo sifana ngokuyisisekelo ne-Single Vanos.

Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kweVanos

Ngazo zonke izinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa: i-torque yenjini ephakeme kuma-revs aphansi, ukuzinza kwenjini uma ingenzi lutho, ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli okuphezulu kanye nobungane obuphezulu bemvelo, amasistimu e-VANOS nawo anesimo esibi. Akathembekile ngokwanele.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kweVanos

• Ukucekelwa phansi kwamasongo. Lezi izindandatho ze-piston kawoyela ezilawula ukuma kwama-camshafts. Ngenxa yezici eziningi: amazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi, izinto ezihlukahlukene eziyingozi ezingena enjoloba (izinto ezenziwe ngazo izindandatho), ekugcineni iqala ukulahlekelwa izakhiwo zayo zokunwebeka nokuqhekeka. Yingakho ukucinana ngaphakathi komshini kunyamalala.
• Amawasha agugile nama-bearings. Ukwakhiwa kwama-pistons kawoyela kuhlanganisa ama-metal bearings namawasha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baqala ukonakala, njengoba ekuqaleni benesilinganiso esiphansi sokuphepha. Ukuze unqume ukuthi i-bearing (noma iwasha) idinga ukushintshwa ohlelweni lwe-VANOS, udinga ukulalela ukuthi injini isebenza kanjani. Uma i-bearing noma i-washer igqoke, umsindo ongathandeki, wensimbi uzwakala.
• Ama-chips nokungcola kuma-flanges nama-pistons. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-deformation yezingxenye zensimbi. Kungabangelwa isitayela sokushayela esinolaka, uwoyela wekhwalithi ephansi / uphethiloli, kanye nemayela eliphezulu. Amanotshi nokuklwebheka kuvela ebusweni bama-piston kawoyela noma ama-gas camshafts. Umphumela uba ukulahlekelwa amandla/ithoshi, injini engazinzile.

Uma injini yemoto iqala ukudlidliza lapho ingenzi lutho, uqaphela ukusheshisa okubuthakathaka kulo lonke uhla lwe-rev, kuba nokunyuka kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, imisindo ekhencezayo lapho injini isebenza, cishe i-VANOS idinga ukunakwa okuphuthumayo. Izinkinga zokuqalisa injini, ama-spark plug nama-bumps kuwuphawu olucacile lokusebenza kabi kwesistimu.

Naphezu kokungathembeki, ukuthuthukiswa konjiniyela baseBavaria kuyasiza kakhulu. Ngokusetshenziswa kwe-VANOS, ukusebenza kwenjini okuthuthukisiwe, umnotho kanye nokuhambisana kwemvelo kufinyelelwa. I-Vanos iphinde ibe bushelelezi ijika le-torque kulo lonke uhla lokusebenza lwenjini.