Luyini uhlelo lwezikhathi lwe-camshaft yemoto?

Shaft uhlelo lokuvumelanisa

Uhlelo lwe-valve timing ukuguquguquka kwesikhathi okwamukelwa umhlaba jikelele. Lolu hlelo lwenzelwe ukulawula imingcele yendlela yokusabalalisa igesi ngokuya ngezimo zokusebenza kwenjini. Ukusetshenziswa kohlelo kuhlinzeka ngokwanda kwamandla enjini netorque, ukonga uphethiloli kanye nokwehla kokukhishwa okuyingozi. Imingcele eguquguqukayo yendlela yokusabalalisa igesi ifaka phakathi. Isikhathi sokuvula noma sokuvala i-Valve nokuphakamisa i-valve. Ngokuvamile, lezi zimingcele isikhathi sokuvala i-valve. Isikhathi semivimbo yokudla neyokukhipha, evezwe yi-engeli yokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft ngokuya ngamaphoyinti "afile". Isigaba sokuvumelanisa sinqunywa ukwakheka kwekhamshamft cam esebenza ku-valve.

I-Cam camshaft

Izimo zokusebenza kwe-valve ezihlukile zidinga ukulungiswa kwe-valve okuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, ngejubane eliphansi lenjini, isikhathi kufanele sibe sesikhathini esincane noma isigaba "esincane". Ngesivinini esikhulu, isikhathi se-valve kufanele sibe banzi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukugqagqana kwamachweba okuphuza nokukhipha kuqinisekisiwe, okusho ukuphindwaphindwa kwegesi yemvelo yokukhipha. Ikhamera ye-camshaft yakhiwe futhi ayikwazi ukuhlinzeka nge-torque ye-valve encane futhi ebanzi ngasikhathi sinye. Ngokwenzayo, ukwakheka kwekham kungukuvumelana phakathi kwe-torque ephezulu ngejubane eliphansi namandla amakhulu ngejubane eliphezulu le-crankshaft. Lokhu kungafani kuxazululwa ngokunembile ngohlelo lwe-valve yesikhathi esiguqukayo.

Isimiso sokusebenza kohlelo lwesikhathi kanye ne-camshaft

Ngokuya ngamapharamitha wesikhathi aguquguqukayo, izindlela ezilandelayo zokulawula isigaba ziyahluka. Ukuzungezisa i-camshaft, usebenzisa ubujamo obuhlukile bekhamera nokushintsha ukuphakama kwe-valve. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekugijimeni izimoto. Lokhu kwandisa amandla emoto asuka ku-30% aya ku-70%. Amasistimu wokulawula ama-valve ajwayelekile kakhulu yi-camshaft rotation BMW VANOS, VVT-i. Isikhathi se-valve esiguquguqukayo nobuhlakani obuvela kwaToyota; I-VVT. Isikhathi se-valve esiguqukayo neVolkswage VTC. Ukulawulwa kwesikhathi okuguqukayo kusuka kwaHonda; Isikhathi se-valve esingaguquki esivela e-Hyundai, Kia, Volvo, General Motors; I-VCP, izigaba zamakhamera eziguquguqukayo ezivela kwaRenault. Umgomo wokusebenza kwalezi zinhlelo usekelwe ekuphendukeni kwe-camshaft lapho kujikelezwa khona, ngenxa yokuthi kutholakala ukuvulwa kwamaphayiphu kusenesikhathi kuqhathaniswa nendawo yokuqala.

Izinto zohlelo lokuvumelanisa

Ukwakhiwa kohlelo lokusabalalisa igesi kwalolu hlobo kufaka phakathi. Isistimu yokuxhuma nokulawula esebenza ngamanzi. Umdwebo wesistimu yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo yesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-valve. I-clutch elawulwa ngamanzi, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi iswishi yesigaba, ishayela i-camshaft ngqo. Bamba siqukethe Rotor exhunywe camshaft futhi izindlu. Okudlala indima ye-camshaft drive pulley. Kukhona izimbotshana phakathi kwe-Rotor nezezindlu, lapho kufakwa khona uwoyela wezinjini ngemigudu. Ukugcwalisa umgodi ngamafutha kuqinisekisa ukujikeleza kwe-rotor ngokuhlobene nezindlu kanye nokujikeleza okuhambisanayo kwe-camshaft endaweni ethile. Iningi le-clutch wokubacindezela libekwe ku-camshaft yokungenisa.

Okuhlinzekwa uhlelo lokuvumelanisa

Ukunweba imingcele yokulawula kweminye imiklamo, amafuhlufuzi afakwa kuma-camshafts wokudla nokukhipha. Uhlelo lokulawula lunikeza ukulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo kokusebenza kwe-clutch ngokulawulwa kwe-hydraulic. Ngokwesakhiwo, kufaka phakathi izinzwa zokufaka, iyunithi yokulawula i-elekthronikhi nama-actuator. Uhlelo lokulawula lusebenzisa izinzwa zeHholo. Yikuphi okuhlaziya isikhundla se-camshafts, kanye namanye amasensa wohlelo lokuphathwa kwezinjini. Ijubane lenjini, izinga lokushisa elipholisayo nemitha yomoya. Iyunithi yokulawula injini ithola amasiginali avela kuzinzwa futhi yakha izenzo zokulawula zesitimela sokushayela. Ebizwa nangokuthi i-electro valve hydraulic. Umthengisi yi-valve ye-solenoid futhi unikezela uwoyela ku-clutch ne-outlet esebenza ngogesi, kuya ngezimo zokusebenza kwenjini.

Imodi yokusebenza kwe-valve eguquguqukayo

Isistimu yesikhathi sokuguquguquka kwe-valve ihlinzeka, njengomthetho, ukusebenza ngezindlela ezilandelayo: ngejubane elingenzi lutho (isivinini esiphansi sokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft); amandla amakhulu; i-torque ephezulu Olunye uhlobo lwesistimu yokulawula i-valve eguquguqukayo isuselwa ekusetshenzisweni kwamakhamera ezinhlobo ezehlukene, okuholela ekuguqukeni kwesinyathelo ngesikhathi sokuvula nokuphakanyiswa kwe-valve. Izinhlelo ezinjalo ziyaziwa: i-VTEC, i-valve eguquguqukayo yokulawula kanye nokulawulwa kwe-Elevator ye-elektroniki evela kwaHonda; I-VVTL-i, isikhathi se-valve esiguqukayo nokuphakamisa okukhaliphile okuvela kwaToyota; MIVEC, Mitsubishi Innovative gas distribution system from Mitsubishi; Uhlelo lweValvelift kusuka kwa-Audi. Lezi zinhlelo ngokuyisisekelo ziyindlela efanayo yokuklama nokusebenza, ngaphandle kohlelo lweValvelift. Isibonelo, olunye lwezinhlelo ezidume kakhulu ze-VTEC lubandakanya iqoqo lamakhamera wamaphrofayili ahlukile nohlelo lokulawula. Umdwebo wesistimu VTEC.

Izinhlobo zeCamshaft cam

I-camshaft inamakhamera amabili amancane nelilodwa elikhulu. Amakhamera amancane axhunywe ngezingalo ezihambisanayo ze-rocker kuma-valve amancanyana. I-hump enkulu ihambisa i-rocker evulekile. Isistimu yokulawula inikeza ukushintsha kusuka kumodi yokusebenza eyodwa kuya kwenye. Ngokusebenzisa indlela yokukhiya. Indlela yokukhiya iqhutshwa ngogesi. Ngezivinini zenjini ephansi, noma obizwa nangokuthi umthwalo ophansi, ama-valve wokudla asebenza emakamelweni amancane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isikhathi sokusebenza kwe-valve sibonakala isikhathi esifushane. Lapho isivinini senjini sifinyelela inani elithile, uhlelo lokulawula lusebenzisa indlela yokukhiya. Ama-Rockers amakhamera amancane namakhulu axhunywe yiphini yokukhiya futhi amandla adluliselwa kuma-valve wokudla avela kwikham enkulu.

Uhlelo lokuvumelanisa

Okunye ukuguqulwa kohlelo lwe-VTEC kunezindlela ezintathu zokulawula. Okunqunywa umsebenzi we-hump encane noma ukuvulwa kwe-valve yokungena ngesivinini esiphansi senjini. Amakhamera amabili amancane, okusho ukuthi amavalvu amabili okuphuza avuleka ngesivinini esiphakathi. Futhi i-hump enkulu ngesivinini esikhulu. Isistimu yesimanje ye-valve eguquguqukayo yakwaHonda wuhlelo lwe-I-VTEC, oluhlanganisa izinhlelo ze-VTEC ne-VTC. Le nhlanganisela yandisa kakhulu imingcele yokulawula injini. Uhlelo lokulawula ama-valve oluthuthuke kakhulu ngokwendlela yokuklama lusekelwe ekulungisweni kobude be-valve. Lolu hlelo luqeda igesi ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi zokusebenza kwenjini. Ingqalabutho kule ndawo iBMW kanye nohlelo lwayo lweValvetronic.

Ukusebenza kwesikhathi kwe-camshaft operation

Kusetshenziswa umgomo ofanayo kwezinye izinhlelo: iToyota Valvematic, i-VEL, i-valve eguquguqukayo nohlelo lokuphakamisa kusuka kwaNissan, Fiat MultiAir, VTI, i-valve eguquguqukayo nohlelo lokujova kusuka kwaPeugeot. Umdwebo wesistimu yeValvetronic. Kuhlelo lweValvetronic, ushintsho ekuphakamiseni i-valve luhlinzekwa ngesikimu esiyinkimbinkimbi se-kinematic. Lapho i-clutch rotor-valve yendabuko igcwaliswa khona nge-shaft eccentric kanye ne-lever ephakathi. Shaft eccentric uzungeziswa motor esebenzisa igiya worm. Ukuzungeza kwe-shaft eccentric kuguqula indawo yesigatshana esiphakathi, nakho okunquma ukunyakaza okuthile kwengalo ye-rocker nokunyakaza okuhambisanayo kwe-valve. I-valve lift ishintshwa ngokuqhubekayo, kuye ngezimo zokusebenza kwenjini. I-Valvetronic ifakwe kuphela kuma-valve wokudla.