Luyini uhlelo lokungathathi hlangothi kwemoto?

Isistimu yokungathathi hlangothi kwemoto

Izidingo zemvelo ezimotweni zesimanje ziya ngokuya ziba nzima. Abakhiqizi bezimoto kuphela abathobela i-Euro 5. Ngokuqala ukusebenza kwe-Euro 6. Uhlelo lokungathathi hlangothi. Njengesiguquli se-catalytic, isihlungi se-diesel particulate kanye nomjovo kaphethiloli sekuphenduke amabhulokhi wokwakha wemoto. I-selective catalytic converter system, ebizwa nangokuthi i-selective catalytic reduction, isetshenziswe ezimotweni zikadizili kusukela ngo-2004. Uhlelo lwe-neutralization lunciphisa izinga le-nitrogen oxides kumagesi okukhipha amandla futhi ngaleyo ndlela livumela ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokukhishwa kwe-Euro 5 ne-Euro 6. Uhlelo lwe-neutralization yemoto lufakwe emalolini, ezimotweni nasemabhasini. Njengamanje, uhlelo lokuguqula i-catalytic lusetshenziswa ezimotweni ze-Audi, BMW, Mazda, Mercedes-Benz neVolkswagen.

Ihlanganisa ini uhlelo lwe-neutralization?

Igama lesistimu libonisa ukuthi ukuqeda igesi ephumayo kwenziwa ngokukhetha. Okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen oxide kuphela kuncipha. Ngenhloso yalo, isistimu yokunciphisa i-catalytic ekhethiwe ingenye yesistimu yokubuyisela kabusha igesi ephumayo. Ngokwesakhiwo, isistimu ekhethiwe yokwenza i-catalytic neutralization ihlanganisa ithangi, iphampu, umlomo wombhobho, kanye ne-mixer eyimishini. I-catalyst yokubuyisela, isistimu yokulawula i-electronic kanye nesistimu yokufudumeza. Ukungathathi hlangothi kwe-nitrogen oxides kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-ejenti yokunciphisa, okuyisisombululo se-urea esingu-32,5%. Kulokhu kugxilwa, indawo yokuqandisa yesixazululo ibaluleke kakhulu. Isixazululo se-urea esisetshenziswa ohlelweni sinegama lokuhweba elithi Adblu. Leli chibi elikhethekile elifakwa emalolini futhi ligcina uketshezi lwe-Adblu.

Yini enquma umthamo wethangi

Umthamo kanye nenani lamathangi kunqunywa ukwakheka kwesistimu namandla enjini. Ngokuya ngezimo zokusebenza, ukusetshenziswa koketshezi kungu-2-4% wokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Iphampu isetshenziselwa ukunikeza uketshezi ku-nozzle ngengcindezi ethile. Ishayelwa ngogesi futhi ifakwe ngqo ethangini ledivayisi. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphampu zisetshenziselwa ukuthwala idivayisi, njengamagiya. I-valve ye-solenoid engabuyi ifakwe emgqeni wokuqeda wesistimu ye-neutralization. Uma ucisha imoto, ivalvu yenjini ivumela ukuthi i-urea impontshwe isuka kulayini ibuyele ethangini. Umbhobho ujova inani elithile loketshezi epayipini lokukhipha umoya. Umbhobho olandelayo, otholakala eshubhuni yomhlahlandlela, iyingxube eyimishini egaya amaconsi oketshezi ahwamukayo. Okuzuzisa amagesi e-exhaust ukuze kuhlanganiswe kangcono ne-urea.

Idivayisi yesistimu yokungathathi hlangothi kwemoto

Ishubhu lomhlahlandlela liphetha nge-catalyst yokunciphisa enesakhiwo sekhekheba lezinyosi. Izindonga ze-catalyst zimbozwe into esheshisa ukuncishiswa kwe-nitrogen oxides njenge-copper zeolite ne-vanadium pentoxide. Isistimu yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izinzwa zokufaka, iyunithi yokulawula nama-actuator. Okokufaka kwesistimu yokulawula kufaka umfutho we-fluid, izinga loketshezi kanye nezinzwa ze-urea. Inzwa ye-nitric oxide kanye nenzwa yezinga lokushisa legesi ephumayo. Inzwa yokucindezela kwe-urea iqapha ukucindezela okukhiqizwa yipompo. Inzwa yezinga le-urea iqapha izinga le-urea ethangini. Ulwazi mayelana nezinga kanye nesidingo sokulayisha uhlelo luboniswa kudeshibhodi futhi luhambisana nesignali yomsindo. Inzwa yokushisa ikala izinga lokushisa le-urea.

Izilawuli zenjini

Izinzwa ezisohlwini zifakwe kumojula yokuhlinzeka ngoketshezi ethangini. Inzwa ye-nitrogen oxide ithola okuqukethwe kwama-nitrogen oxide kumagesi e-exhaust ngemva kokuguqulwa kwe-catalytic. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ifakwe ngemuva kokululama kwe-catalyst. Inzwa yokushisa yegesi ephumayo iqala inqubo ye-neutralization ngqo lapho amagesi okukhipha igesi afinyelela ku-200 ° C. Izimpawu ezivela ezinzwa zokufaka zithunyelwa ku-unit control unit, okuyiyunithi yokulawula injini. Ngokuhambisana ne-algorithm emisiwe, amanye ama-actuator ayasebenza lapho kulawulwa iyunithi yokulawula. I-Pump motor, i-electromagnetic injector, hlola i-solenoid valve. Amasignali nawo athunyelwa kuyunithi yokulawula ukushisa.

Isimiso sokusebenza kwesistimu ye-neutralization yemoto

Isixazululo se-urea esisetshenziswe kulolu hlelo sinendawo yokuqandisa ngaphansi kwe-11 ° C futhi ukushisa kuyadingeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Umsebenzi wokushisa we-urea wenziwa uhlelo oluhlukile, oluhlanganisa izinga lokushisa lamanzi kanye nezinzwa zokushisa zangaphandle. Iyunithi yokulawula nezinto zokushisisa. Ngokuya ngomklamo wesistimu, izakhi zokushisa zifakwe ethangini, ipompo kanye nepayipi. Uketshezi olushisayo luqala lapho izinga lokushisa lendawo lingaphansi kuka -5 ° C. Isistimu yokunciphisa i-catalytic ekhethiwe isebenza kanje. Uketshezi olujovwe ku-nozzle luthathwa yi-exhaust stream, luxutshwe futhi luhwamuke. Endaweni enhla nomfula we-catalyst yokunciphisa, i-urea ibola ibe i-ammonia ne-carbon dioxide. Ku-catalyst, i-ammonia ihlangana nama-nitrogen oxide ukuze yakhe i-nitrogen namanzi engenangozi.