Yiluphi uhlelo lokuqapha amasilinda ezimoto?

Uhlelo lokuvala ukulawula isilinda

Uhlelo lokulawula isilinda. Ngamanye amagama, uhlelo lokuvala isilinda. Idizayinelwe ukushintsha ukufuduka kwenjini kuphume isilinda. Ukusetshenziswa kohlelo kuqinisekisa ukwehla kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuze kufike kuma-20% kanye nokwehla kokukhishwa okuyingozi kwamagesi okukhipha. Okudingekayo ekwakhiweni kohlelo lokulawula isilinda kuyindlela yokusebenza ejwayelekile yemoto. Lapho amandla amakhulu asetshenziswa aze afike kuma-30% sonke isikhathi sokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, injini isebenza ngokungagcwele umthwalo isikhathi esiningi. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, i-valve mpintsha ivaliwe cishe futhi injini kufanele idonse inani lomoya elidingekayo ukuze lisebenze. Lokhu kuholela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi yilahleko yokupompa kanye nokwehla okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kahle.

Ukuphathwa kohlelo lwesilinda

Uhlelo lokuphatha isilinda luvumela amanye amasilinda ukuthi angasebenzi lapho umthwalo wenjini ulula. Lokhu kuvula i-valve mpintsha ukuhlinzeka ngamandla adingekayo. Ezimweni eziningi, uhlelo lwe-silinda braking lusetshenziselwa izinjini ezinamandla ezinamasilinda amaningi, ama-6, 8, 12 amasilinda. Umsebenzi kabani ongasebenzi ikakhulukazi emithwalweni ephansi. Ukukhubaza isilinda esithile senceku, kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nemibandela emibili. Vala ukungena nokukhipha umoya, vala ama-valve wokufaka nawokuqeda bese uvala uphethiloli oya kusilinda. Ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli ezinjinini zesimanje kulawulwa ngama-injektha kagesi alawulwa ngogesi. Ukugcina izivalo zokungenisa nezokukhipha zivaliwe kusilinda othile kuyinselele enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe. Yimaphi ama-automaker ahlukile anquma ngendlela yawo.

Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula isilinda

Phakathi kwezixazululo ezahlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe, kunezindlela ezintathu. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-pusher ekhethekile yokwakha, i-Multi-Displacement System, i-Displacement on Demand, ikhono lokucisha ingalo ye-rocker, ukusetshenziswa kwamagumbi anamagatsha ezinhlobonhlobo, ubuchwepheshe besilinda obusebenzayo. Ukuvalwa okuphoqelelwe kwamasilinda, ngaphezu kwezinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa, kunezinkinga eziningi, kufaka phakathi imithwalo yenjini eyengeziwe, ukudlidliza nomsindo ongadingeki. Ukuvikela ukucindezelwa okwengeziwe enjinini egumbini lokushisa injini, igesi yokukhipha isala isuka kumjikelezo womsebenzi odlule. Amagesi ayacindezelwa lapho i-piston inyuka futhi iphusha i-piston lapho yehla, ngaleyo ndlela inikeze umphumela wokulinganisa.

Uhlelo lokulawula isilinda

Ukunciphisa ukudlidliza, kusetshenziswa izintaba ezikhethekile ze-hydraulic motor kanye ne-flywheel ekabili. Ukucindezelwa komsindo kwenziwa kusistimu yokukhipha esebenzisa ubude bamapayipi obukhethiwe futhi isebenzisa izingqimba zangaphambili nezangemuva ezinosayizi abahlukahlukene be-resonator. Uhlelo lokulawula isilinda luqale ukusetshenziswa ngo-1981 ezimotweni zeCadillac. Uhlelo lwalunamakhoyili kagesi abekwe phezu kwesikhunta. Ukusebenza kwekhoyili kugcine i-rocker arm ime ngesikhathi esifanayo ama-valve evaliwe yimithombo. Uhlelo lukhubaze ama-cylinders ahlukile. Ukusebenza kwekhoyili kulawulwa ngekhompyutha. Imininingwane emayelana nenani lamasilinda asebenzayo ikhonjiswa kudeshibhodi. Uhlelo aluzange lwamukelwe kabanzi, njengoba bekunezinkinga ekuphakelweni kukaphethiloli kuwo wonke amasilinda, kufaka phakathi lawo akhishiwe.

Isistimu yokulawula isilinda esebenzayo

I-ACC active cylinder system isetshenziswe ezimotweni zakwaMercedes-Benz kusukela ngo-1999. Ukuvala ama-valve amasilinda kunikeza umklamo okhethekile, ohlanganisa ama-levers amabili axhunywe ukukhiya. Esimeni sokusebenza, ilokhi ixhumanisa ama-levers amabili ndawonye. Uma ivaliwe, i-latch ikhulula uxhumano futhi ingalo ngayinye ingahamba ngokuzimela. Kodwa-ke, ama-valve avaliwe isenzo sasentwasahlobo. Ukunyakaza kokukhiya kwenziwa ukucindezela kwamafutha, okulawulwa yi-valve ekhethekile ye-solenoid. Amafutha awanikezwa kumasilinda avaliwe. Ukuze kulondolozwe umsindo wesici se-multi-cylinder enamasilinda avaliwe, i-valve elawulwa nge-elekthronikhi ifakwe ohlelweni lokukhipha umoya, okuthi, uma kunesidingo, ishintshe ubukhulu besigaba esiphambanweni se-exhaust passage.

Uhlelo lokulawula isilinda

uhlelo lwezikhundla eziningi. I-Multi-Displacement System, i-MDS ifakwe ku-Chrysler, Dodge, Jeep kusukela ngo-2004. Isistimu iyasebenza, ivale amasilinda ngesivinini esingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-30 ngehora, bese i-crankshaft yenjini ishesha ukufika ku-3000 rpm. Uhlelo lwe-MDS lusebenzisa ipiston eklanywe ngokukhethekile ehlukanisa i-camshaft nevalvu lapho kudingeka. Ngesinye isikhathi, uwoyela ucindezelwa ku-piston ngaphansi kwengcindezi bese ucindezela iphinikhodi yokukhiya, ngaleyo ndlela ivale ipiston. Ukucindezela kwamafutha kulawulwa yi-valve ye-solenoid. Olunye uhlelo lokulawula isilinda, ukususwa ngokufunwa, ngokwezwi nezwi i-DoD - ukunyakaza ngokufunwa okufana nohlelo lwangaphambilini. Uhlelo lwe-DoD lufakwe ezimotweni zakwaGeneral Motors kusukela ngo-2004.

Isistimu yokulawula isilinda eguquguqukayo

Isistimu yokulawula isilinda eguquguqukayo. Indawo ekhethekile phakathi kwezinhlelo zokuvalwa kwesilinda ihlala ngohlelo lwe-Honda VCM cylinder control, ebelusetshenziswa kusukela ngo-2005. Ngesikhathi sokushayela uzinze ngesivinini esiphansi, i-VCM inqamula ibhulokhi elilodwa ku-V-engine, amasilinda ama-3 kwayi-6. Ngesikhathi soguquko kusuka kumandla amakhulu enjini kuya ekulayisheni okuyingxenye, uhlelo lusebenza ngamasilinda ama-4 kwayisithupha. Idizayini yohlelo lwe-VCM isuselwa ku-VTEC enezikhathi eziguquguqukayo ze-valve. Uhlelo lususelwa kuma-rocker asebenzisana namakhamera ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Uma kunesidingo, i-swing ivuliwe noma icishiwe kusetshenziswa indlela yokukhiya. Ezinye izinhlelo zokuxhasa uhlelo lwe-VCM nazo zakhiwe. Uhlelo lwe-Active Motor Mounts lulawula izinga lokudlidliza kwenjini.

Uhlelo lokulawula isilinda lokukhanselwa komsindo okusebenzayo
I-Active Sound Control system ikuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe umsindo ongawufuni emotweni. Ubuchwepheshe besilinda esisebenzayo, uhlelo lwe-ACT, olusetshenziswe ezimotweni zeVolkswagen Group kusukela ngo-2012. Okuhloswe ngakho ukufaka isistimu injini engu-1,4 litre TSI. Uhlelo lwe-ACT luhlinzeka ngokuvala amasilinda amabili kwamane kububanzi obungu-1400-4000 rpm. Ngokwesakhiwo, uhlelo lwe-ACT lusekelwe ohlelweni lwe-Valvelift, olwake lwasetshenziselwa izinjini ze-Audi. Uhlelo lusebenzisa ama-humps ezinhlobonhlobo ezitholakala kumkhono oslayidayo ku-camshaft. Amakhamera nezixhumi zakha ibhulokhi yekhamera. Sekukonke, injini inamabhlogo amane - amabili ku-camshaft yokungenisa kanye namabili ku-shaft yokukhipha.