Iyini i-sedan, izinhlobo namakilasi omzimba wemoto odumile
Okuqukethwe
Uma kunomqondo wemoto yakudala, kufanele ibe nomzimba wohlobo lwe-sedan. Ilungiselelo elinjalo lisakazeke ngokumangalisayo kokubili ezweni elibhekwa njengemoto enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni - e-United States, futhi lapha eRussia, lapho ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto eziningi kuthuthukiswa, noma ngesivinini esisheshayo, kodwa muva nje.
Izimfihlo zokuthandwa okunjalo, ngokusobala hhayi uhlobo lomzimba oluphumelela kakhulu futhi olusebenzayo, zidinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela.
Kungani imoto ibizwa nge-sedan
Ngokusho kwezinguqulo ezahlukene, leli gama linezimpande zesiLatini noma zesiFulentshi. Esimweni sokuqala, ukuqondiswa okukhethekile komzimba ekuthuthweni kwabagibeli kushiwo, ngoba impande yegama isho ukuthi "hlala", okuyi-consonant ngisho nangesiRashiya.
Leli kwakuyigama lohlaka lwabagibeli ekudonseni komuntu, futhi inguqulo yesibili ibhekisela endaweni yokusebenzela yezinqola edolobheni laseFrance iSedan.
Igama selithathe izimpande futhi lisasetshenziswa emazweni amaningi, nakuba ekhona amanye amagama, ISedan noma sedan. Abukho ubunye kumatemu.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-sedan ne-station wagon, i-hatchback ne-coupe
Isici esiyinhloko esitholakala kuma-sedans ubukhona bomzimba wevolumu emithathu echazwe ngokucacile. Igumbi lokuqala libekelwe iyunithi yamandla, elesibili lisebenza njengendawo yabagibeli, kanti eyesithathu ihloselwe kuphela imithwalo, ehlukaniswa nabagibeli ngokuhlukaniswa okungangeneki.
Ukukhethekile okuphezulu kwama-sedans okuthutha abagibeli kunquma izinzuzo eziyinhloko zale mizimba:
- ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla kubagibeli nge-bulkhead eminyene kukhulisa kakhulu ukunethezeka kwabo, imisindo nephunga elivela esiqwini akungeni ku-cabin;
- ukunciphisa umthamo wekhabhinethi kuphela ngokwenza kube lula ukuhlalisa abagibeli futhi akukho okunye okukuvumela ukuthi uklame ngokuphumelelayo ingaphakathi futhi unikeze i-microclimate enikeziwe, ngokuvamile ene-multi-zone, ngokwehlukana ngayinye;
- kulula kakhulu ukwenza uhlaka lomzimba oluqinile, olunomphumela onenzuzo ekuphatheni;
- ukuphepha kwabagibeli kuqinisekiswa izindawo ezibalulekile ezimunca amandla endaweni yenjini kanye ne-trunk.
Kufanele njalo ukhokhele ukunethezeka, ngakho-ke kukhona futhi nezinkinga kuleli lungiselelo ngokuhlobene nezinye izinhlangano ezidumile:
- I-Hatchback inezilinganiso ezincane kune-sedan, okuholele ekudumeni kwayo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni;
- Isiteshi senqola ngobukhulu obufanayo, iyakwazi ukuthwala impahla eningi ngokuphawulekayo ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhulu endaweni lapho umthamo we-sedan unqunyelwe isivalo se-trunk esitholakala ngaphansi kwefasitela elingemuva;
- Umbhangqwana inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-aerodynamic ngenxa yefasitela elingemuva eligcwele udoti, elisondeza umzimba emumeni owenziwe kahle;
- Yonke imizimba, ngaphandle kwe-sedan, ibe nezinkomba ezinhle kakhulu ngokwesisindo, ngezinye izikhathi eziphelele, njenge-hatchback, ngezinye izikhathi zihlobene nomthwalo wokukhokha (inqola yesiteshi), futhi ekilasini lama-coupes ezemidlalo - ngokuphathelene namandla nesisindo.
Ngokubukeka, inqola yesiteshi ethwala impahla nabagibeli ihlukaniswa ngamavolumu ayo amabili kanye nokuba khona kwezinsika zomzimba ezengeziwe ezinenombolo efanayo yeminyango eseceleni (ingaba emibili noma emine), i-hatchback ine-overhang emfushane ngemuva, futhi bobabili banomnyango ongemuva ongavamile, ngezinye izikhathi obizwa ngokuthi i-trunk lid ngokufanisa ne-sedan, nakuba lokhu kuwumnyango ogcwele ogcwele i-glazing ngisho nemishini yokukhanyisa.
I-coupe ngezinye izikhathi isondelene kakhulu nesakhiwo se-sedan, ikakhulukazi ezemidlalo, kodwa ihlale ihluka ophahleni lomzimba kanye nefasitela elingemuva, eligcwele kakhulu emuva, kanye ne-trunk ephuma kancane noma ukungabikho kwayo ngokuphelele.
Inombolo yezicabha eziseceleni ayikwazi ukuba yinkomba ephelele; kukhona ama-sedans anezicabha ezimbili kanye nama-coupe anezicabha ezine. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-coupe Interiors ivame ukuminyene kakhulu, akukho ukunethezeka kwabagibeli abangemuva.
Izinhlobo zama-sedans ngohlobo lomzimba
Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-sedans kuma-subclass ngezinye izikhathi kunencazelo ebalulekile, eboniswa ngokugqamisa imizimba emgqeni wemodeli efanayo, zombili izimoto ezizimele ezinohlu lwazo lokukhangisa kanye nohlu lwamanani, kanye nombono nje, othakazelisayo kuphela kochwepheshe bezimoto kanye nabantu abathandanayo. kwe.
Classic
Okumangazayo ukuthi i-sedan yakudala ingaba yimoto engenazo izinhlaka ezigqamile ezinamavolumu amathathu. Ukuba khona kwegumbi lemithwalo elingalodwa ngemuva elinesivalo salo kwanele impela. Lokhu kungase kunqunywe yizidingo ze-aerodynamics noma imfashini.
I-Notchback
Leli gama livela e-United States, futhi, uma sikhuluma nje, lingasetshenziswa ku-sedan yakudala.
Lokhu kusho ukuphuka kwephrofayela phakathi kwewindi elitshekile elingemuva kanye nesivalo somboko esicishe sivundlile.
Okusho ukuthi, i-notchback ayikwazi ukuba nevolumu emibili. Nokho, kwamanye amazwe lo mbono awuzange ugxile, nakuba waziwa.
Ukubuyela emuva ngokushesha
Umsuka wokuqala waleli gama uveza ingqikithi yawo, ukushesha kusho ukushesha nesivinini. Ngakho-ke isifiso somzimba we-teardrop.
Ngokuvamile, isibonelo sinikezwa ngemoto yaseSoviet endala, kodwa eyingqopha-mlando ye-Pobeda, engabhekwa njenge-sedan yakudala, kodwa kungaba nenembile ukuyibiza ngokuthi i-fastback. Kodwa ngokuqinisekile Ukunqoba akuyona i-notchback, okuzoba isibonelo esihle somehluko ekuqondeni okungasoze kwabuna phakathi kweMelika nomhlaba wonke.
IHardtop
Umzimba osuka ekudlondlobaleni kwezimoto ezinkulu nezinhle, ubungathathwa njengohlobo lwe-fastback, kodwa umdlalo wawo wagcizelelwa ukungabikho noma ukucasha ngokucophelela kwezinsika ze-B. Lokhu kwakha umoya we-silhouette kanye nokushesha okujwayelekile kokubukeka. Lokhu kwakusekelwe yizicabha ezingenafreyimu.
Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, lokhu akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside, futhi ama-hardtops aba yivelakancane. Umzimba kufanele ngokuyinhloko uqine, futhi umklamo ungafezwa ngezinye izindlela, njengokudweba nokupenda.
I-long wheelbase sedan
Kukhona zombili izinhlobo ezinde zezimoto ezijwayelekile, imvamisa ezinamasondo amabili noma amathathu (ibanga phakathi kwama-ekseli), nezimoto ezenziwe ngokukhethekile.
Ngokulandelayo, avame ukuhlukaniswa abe ama-stretch, aqedwa kusuka kumamodeli amakhulu ngokungeza okufakiwe emizimbeni, nama-limousine, angahlali enamasondo amafushane.
Zonke lezi zimoto zibonakala ngevolumu enkulu ye-cabin, enikeza induduzo ekhethekile kubagibeli bangemuva noma ifaka imigqa eyengeziwe yezihlalo. Kuma-limousine, babeka i-partition kusuka kumshayeli nomgibeli ongaphambili.
Iminyango emibili
Ngokuvamile ama-sedans anezicabha ezimbili eziseceleni abizwa ngokuthi ama-coupes. Kodwa kancane kancane i-coupe yaqhubekela phambili futhi yaqhela kude nomqondo wemoto yabagibeli futhi yaphuma ekilasini elihlukile. Ngakho-ke, kuphela ezinye zazo zingama-sedans, ngaphandle kokuzenzisa kuGran Turismo noma ezemidlalo.
Izimoto ezinjalo cishe azikaze zikhiqizwe, ngoba ama-coupes sekuyisikhathi eside ayeka ukuba yizinguqulo ezishibhile zeminyango emibili ye-sedans, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, ziye zabadlula ngamanani nodumo, zilahlekelwe ukusebenza. Ngakho-ke, ama-sedans aneminyango emibili anyamalala ochungechungeni olukhulu.
Phindisela emuva
Uma i-sedan inefasitela elingemuva eliboshwe ngokuqinile, futhi isivalo se-trunk siphezulu, kuyilapho igumbi ngokwalo lifushane, khona-ke umzimba onjalo ubizwa ngokuthi i-liftback.
Kwesinye isikhathi iwindi elingemuva liyavuleka, okwenza kube nokudideka mayelana nomehluko phakathi kwe-sedan ne-hatchback enwetshiwe.
Coupe enezicabha ezine
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, i-coupe ingaba nezicabha ezine ezisemaceleni, kodwa naphezu kophahla olwehlelayo ngemuva kanye nefasitela elingemuva elitshekile, ukuba khona kwegumbi elihlukile lemithwalo ye-insulated elinesivalo esihlukile kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhomba umzimba onjalo kuma-sedans.
Izinhlobo zama-sedans ngeklasi
Isiko lemoto ngalinye linezigaba zalo zezimoto zabagibeli ngosayizi nengxenye yemakethe. Ubude bomzimba buvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu, okunengqondo ikakhulukazi uma busetshenziswa kuma-sedans.
I-A-class
Ngenxa yobude obufushane obuphelele, obungeqi amamitha angu-3,8, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlela umzimba wevolumu emithathu kuleli klasi, ngaphandle kokuthi abanye abakhiqizi basempumalanga bazama ukukhiqiza amamodeli afanayo ezimakethe ezithile.
Emhlabeni wonke, le mishini ayithengiswa futhi ayaziwa kubathengi.
Isigaba B
Ukwanda kobude ukuya kumamitha angu-4,4 kakade kuvumela ukwakhiwa kwe-sedan. Ikakhulukazi emazweni lapho ngokomlando lolu hlobo lomzimba lwaludumile. Isibonelo esijwayelekile yiLada Granta yasekhaya.
Ikilasi le-C
Ama-sedans agcwele ngokugcwele anobude obufika ku-4,6 amamitha anikezwa abakhiqizi abaningi.
Ngisho nasesigabeni se-premium, lapha ungathola izimoto zeMercedes ezisekelwe ku-hatchback, kanye namamodeli azimele ngokuphelele njengeVolkswagen Jetta.
D-ikilasi
Ama-sedans avamile ngentengo efinyelelekayo, hhayi amakilasi ebhizinisi okwamanje, kodwa akusezona izimoto ezilula zokusebenzisa.
Ngokwesibonelo, BMW 3 uchungechunge noma Mercedes-Benz W205. Ikilasi libhekwa njengomndeni kanye nendawo yonke, izimoto zingaba isabelomali noma i-premium.
E-class
Isigaba sebhizinisi ngokusho kwesigaba saseYurophu esiqashelwa emhlabeni wonke. Ubude bungafinyelela kumamitha angu-5, izimoto zikhululekile futhi azishibhile.
Lapha usungakwazi ukuhlangabezana neLexus ES, iToyota Camry eduze kwayo, kanye ne-E-class yakwaMercedes kanye neBMW 5-series.
F-ikilasi
Okuphezulu kwezigaba, izimoto eziphezulu kanye nezokunethezeka. S-class Mercedes, BMW 7, Porsche Panamera nokunye okunjalo.
Emishini enjalo, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nemikhiqizo ehlukene yenziwa ngokukhethekile ngaphakathi kokukhathazeka. Lezi yizona ezihamba phambili, izimoto zodumo ezibizayo kwabambalwa.
Ama-sedans asheshayo emhlabeni
Ngokuvamile izimoto ezinjalo zidalwe ngenxa yodumo, ngoba akukho muntu ozozijaha kakhulu.
Akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi okwamanje imoto kagesi ye-Tesla Model S P100D isibe esheshayo. Imizuzwana engu-2,7 kuya kwekhulu ngokusobala ayikona mayelana nokunethezeka, okubalulekile ku-sedan.
Kungashiwo okufanayo ngezimoto ezinenjini evamile yangaphakathi evuthayo. I-Mercedes-AMG, i-Porsche Panamera Turbo, i-BMW M760 - ngisho nangaphandle kokucacisa ukuguqulwa, singasho ukuthi izinkomba zesici egameni zisho amandla nokuhlonishwa.
Futhi emijahweni yangempela, ama-hatchback ashajwe kahle ayawina, ikakhulukazi ngamasondo onke.
