Luyini uhlaka lwemoto nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona

Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu emotweni uhlelo lokusekela. Nguye owenza kube nokwenzeka ukwenza okukodwa okuphelele kuzo zonke izingxenye zomshini. Phambilini, zonke izimoto bezinohlaka lohlaka. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yathathelwa indawo ngezinye izinhlobo, kufaka phakathi umzimba we-monocoque, osetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izimoto zabagibeli. Noma kunjalo, ifreyimu enengxenye isasetshenziswa - kuma-SUV namaloli.

Luyini uhlaka lwemoto: inhloso, ubuhle nobubi

Uhlaka lwemoto luyisakhiwo sogongolo olusebenza njengesisekelo sokuhlanganisa zonke izingxenye zemihlangano, njengesixhobo sokuphehla ugesi, izinto zokudlulisa, isisu semoto nokunye. Umzimba onalo mklamo wohlelo olusekelayo unikeza abagibeli nemithwalo indawo, futhi wenza nomsebenzi wokuhlobisa.

Ukusetshenziswa kwefreyimu kwenza kube lula ukunika ingxenye ephethe amandla amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa emalolini nakumaSUV. Futhi kwenza ukuthi kube nokwenzeka ukukhulisa ukuhlanganiswa kwamayunithi nezinqubo phakathi kwamamodeli ezigaba ezahlukahlukene.

Phambilini, abakhiqizi bezimoto babekhiqiza i-chassis yemoto enezingxenye eziyisisekelo (ifreyimu, injini, ukuhanjiswa, njll.), Lapho izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemizimba "zazelulwa".

Uhlaka olusemotweni lusebenza njengo "skeleton". Ubona yonke imithwalo yangaphandle nengaphakathi lapho imoto ihamba ngisho nalapho ipakiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, kunezidingo eziningana ezibekiwe ohlakeni lwemoto:

• amandla nokuqina okwanele;
• isisindo esincane;
• ukwakheka okulungile, okuzobamba iqhaza ekusebenzeni okunengqondo kwazo zonke izinto zemoto.

Ingxenye ethwele ifreyimu inezinzuzo eziningi. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yakhe, kuba lula kakhulu ukuhlanganisa imoto nokuyilungisa ngokuzayo. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesakhiwo sefreyimu nesakhiwo somzimba ukuthi noma yikuphi ukonakala kungasuswa kalula ngenxa yochwepheshe omuhle nezinto zokwakha. Enye inzuzo ebalulekile: ukushayela emigwaqeni emibi ngeke kugcwale ukuphazamiseka komzimba (ukuvuleka kweminyango, izinsika, njll.).

Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, kukhona nokubi. Esokuqala ukukhuphuka okukhulu kwesisindo semoto ngenxa yokuba khona kohlaka nomzimba ohlukile. Ngokunjalo, uphethiloli uzophinde ube ngaphezulu. Okunye okungahambi kahle ukuthi isikhala esingeziwe siyadingeka ukubeka amalungu ohlangothini ngaphansi komzimba, okwenza kube nzima ukungena emotweni bese kuthatha ingxenye ebalulekile yendawo yabagibeli.

Ukwehla kokuphepha kokungenzi lutho kuphawuliwe, ngoba kunethuba lokufuduswa kohlaka oluhlobene nomzimba uma kwenzeka kuba nomthelela. Ngakho-ke, umzimba othwala umthwalo uyingxenye esemqoka yemoto yomgibeli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isakhiwo sefreyimu sibhekana kahle nezimo ezinzima lapho amaloli nama-SUV ahamba khona.

Izinhlobo zezinhlaka

Amafreyimu ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo eziningana, ahlukile kuzici zokuklama:

• i-spar;
• umgogodla;
• indawo.

Ezinye izinhlobo zinama-subspecies. Izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe nazo ziyahlukaniswa, kuhlanganiswa izingxenye zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zozimele ekwakhiweni.

Uhlaka lwakwaSpar

Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Umklamo wohlaka uhlanganisa imishayo emibili yamandla e-longitudinal, abizwa ngama-spars. Zelula emzimbeni futhi zixhunywe ngamalungu esiphambano. Imishayo yenziwa ngensimbi. Ukuze wandise ukusebenza kokuhlanekezela, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaphrofayli wezigaba ezihlukene zingasetshenziswa.

Ama-spars awaqondile ngqo - kwesinye isikhathi anokugoba okuqondile nokuqondile. Zingabekwa zombili ngokufana nendiza enezingqimba futhi nge-engeli ethile, etholakala kuma-SUV. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ube nokuhlelwa okuhlukile kwamalungu esiphambano, ngenxa yokuthi amalungu ohlangothini axhunyiwe. Ngukwakhiwa kohlaka okudume kakhulu okusetshenziswa emalolini amaningi nakumaSUV.

Loluhlaka luhle ngokushayela emigwaqweni emibi. Iphinde yenze lula ukulungisa izimoto nokuhlangana. Okubi ukuthi ama-spars athatha ingxenye enkulu yekhabini futhi ayenze nzima inqubo yokufika.

I-Spar eyenziwe ngo-X

Uhlaka olumiswe ngo-X ngolunye lwezinhlobo zespar. Okuhlukile kokuklanywa kwayo ukuthi izipele ezingaphambili nangemuva zihlukanisile, futhi maphakathi nendawo zincishiswa kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lubukeka njenge-beech "X", okuyisizathu segama laso.

Umngcele

Luhlobo lwama-spar ozimele. Lolu hlobo lwaqala ukusetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ezimotweni ezinkulu zabagibeli ezenziwe e-Europe kanye "nama-dreadnoughts" avela e-United States ngeminyaka yama-60s. Kuzimele ezinjalo, ama-spars atholakala ebanzi kangangokuba ngesikhathi sokufakwa komzimba atholakala emikhawulweni. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi izinga laphansi lehliswe ngokuphawulekayo ngenkathi ngasikhathi sinye ukunciphisa ukuphakama ngokushesha komshini.

Inzuzo ebalulekile yomshini onjalo ukuguquguquka kwawo okuphelele kwimithelela eseceleni. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ukungalungi okuphawulekayo - ifreyimu ayikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo ebalulekile, ngakho-ke umzimba wemoto kufanele ube namandla adingekayo nokuqina.

Uhlaka lomgogodla

Lolu hlobo lwamafreyimu lwakhiwa ngabamele inkampani yeTatra futhi lwalusetshenziselwa kakhulu imishini yokukhiqiza kwayo. Isithwali esikhulu yipayipi elixhumanisa injini ngaphambili nezinto zokuhambisa ezitholakala ngaphakathi kuyo. Eqinisweni, ipayipi lisebenza njengekhredithi eyodwa yebhokisi legiya, ibhokisi lokudlulisa kanye nemiphini yokushayela. I-torque esuka enjinini iya ekudlulisweni inikezwa nge-shaft efakwe kushubhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo shaft akuyona shaft yekhadani, eqinisekisa ukuthembeka okukhulu.

Lo mklamo wohlaka, uhlanganiswe nokumiswa kwamasondo okuzimele, uhlinzeka ngohambo olukhulu kakhulu, olwenza lubaluleke kakhulu ezimotweni ezikhethekile.

Inzuzo yohlaka lomgogodla futhi ukuthi inesimo esiqinile kakhulu se-torsional, futhi izinto zokudlulisa zivikelwe ngokuthembekile kumathonya angaphandle. Kepha ngenxa yokuthi izindlela ezithile zitholakala ngaphakathi kohlaka lohlaka, umsebenzi wokulungisa uba nzima ngokwengeziwe.

IVilchato-ridge

Uhlobo lwe-Fork-ridge lwamafreyimu nakho ukuthuthukiswa kwe- "Tatra". Kule nguqulo, injini ayinamathiselwe kumbhobho wokudlulisa, kodwa kwimfoloko ekhethekile yelungu lohlangothi. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukunciphisa izinga lokudlidliza okudluliswayo kusuka enjinini yokusebenza komlilo yangaphakathi kuye ohlakeni, ngakho-ke, kuye emzimbeni wemoto. Kodwa-ke, namuhla ozimele bemfoloko yomgogodla abasasetshenziswa embonini yezimoto.

Uhlaka lwendawo

Uhlobo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu lokwakhiwa kohlaka olusetshenziselwa izimoto zemidlalo. Lesi sakhiwo siwuhlaka olususelwa emapayipini e-alloy amancane futhi siqinile futhi sinamandla kakhulu. Embonini yezimoto, lawa mafreyimu athathelwe indawo yi-monocoque, kepha-ke, kusetshenziswa imiklamo efanayo ekwakheni amabhasi.

Isisekelo samabombo

Isisekelo esisekelayo siyinto ephakathi komzimba nesakhiwo sohlaka. AbakwaSpar nabo bayasetshenziswa lapha, kepha bahlanganiswe ngabaphansi, hhayi ngamalungu esiphambano. Umnikazi omkhulu futhi othandwa kakhulu wangaphansi kokuthwala yiVolkswagen Beetle, lapho umzimba unamathiselwe khona kuplanethi phansi ngamabhawodi. Enye imoto ekhiqiza ngobuningi, iRenault 4CV, inomklamo ofanayo.

Iphansi lokuthwala lihlukaniswa ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu futhi lisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa okukhulu. Lo mklamo uvumela phansi nendawo yesisindo samandla emoto ukuthi igcinwe iphansi ngokwanele.

Uhlaka olunengxenye yemoto lunezinzuzo nezici eziningi ezikwenza ubaluleke kakhulu emalolini nakumaSUV. Futhi yize ifreyimu isetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezithile zezimoto kuphela, ezinye zezinto ezisetshenziswayo zisetshenziswa kakhulu, njengoba zivumela ukuthi imizimba esekelayo yenziwe iqine kakhulu. Cishe noma iyiphi imoto yomgibeli ifakwe ukuqinisa ama-spars noma ama-subframes.