Kuyini ukudlulisa? Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuhanjiswa lapha.

Sicabanga ukuthi bonke abashayeli bazi inani elifanelekile lalokho okwenziwa yi-gearbox emotweni, kodwa cishe akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi isebenza kanjani ngempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene kanye nokucushwa kuka-gearbox. Funda kabanzi lapha futhi ufunde ukuthi amagiya asebenza kanjani.

Ukudluliselwa kuyingxenye eyinhloko yemoto yakho. Ifakwe ngqo enjinini futhi iguqula amandla omlilo enjini abe yi-impulse eshayela amasondo.

I-Gearbox onesibopho sokushayela ngendlela efanele. Ngokushintsha amagiya, uqinisekisa ukuthi i-RPM (rpm) igcinwa iphansi ukuze injini ingalayishi kakhulu futhi kunciphe ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. I-transmission inesibopho sokuguqula isivinini kanye nomfutho kumandla, okube sekuyishayela yonke imoto, futhi umgomo wayo omkhulu uwukwenza injini isebenze kahle ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngenkathi ithola amandla amakhulu.

Ngamanye amazwi, ukudlulisa kusebenza ngokudlulisela amandla enjinini uwayise emasondweni nge-drive shaft ne-ekseli, okukuvumela ukuba uqondise imoto.

Konke lokhu kutholakala ngokusebenzisa amagiya nezilinganiso zegiya umshayeli azikhethela yena noma azikhethele ngesandla.

Emotweni eshintshwayo, bamba izoxhuma injini no-transmission ukuze ukwazi ukushintsha amagiya uma ucindezela i-clutch pedal. IN Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, lokhu kwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuphelele.

Ebhukwini lesevisi ungabona ukuthi nini isikhathi sokushintsha uwoyela wegiya. Iyingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yikuphi ukunakekelwa kwemoto futhi ngokuvamile kufakwe ekuhlolweni kwesevisi. Ngisho nezinto ezincane zingadala umonakalo omkhulu ku-gearbox. Ngakho-ke, uma ubona ukuthi ayiziphathi njengakuqala, kufanele ubize umakhenikha ukuze ayihlole.

Вы uma unquma ukulungisa i-gearbox ngokwakho, nansi inkomba.

Uma usuzothenga imoto kungaba kuhle ukuthi ucabange ukuthi ukhetha muphi u-gearbox ngoba ezinye izigaba zezimoto zinawo. Kulesi sihloko, sizokusiza ukuthi uqalise ukuze wenze isinqumo esifanele. Sizokusiza futhi ukuthi uqonde izinhlobo eziningi zama-gearbox asetshenziswa ezimotweni zanamuhla nokuthi asebenza kanjani.

Ukudluliswa kwezandla uma kuqhathaniswa nokushintshashintsha

Imoto eshintshwayo inamagiya angu-5 noma 6 aya phambili kanye negiya elingu-1 reverse, lapho umshayeli eshintsha khona, kanti izimoto ezinomshini ozishintshayo zishintsha igiya elidingekayo.

Abanikazi bezimoto baseBrithani ngokwesiko futhi ikakhulukazi basebenza ngokuthuthwa ngesandla. I-Autobutler mechanics ilinganisela ukuthi cishe u-80% wazo zonke izimoto zaseBrithani zinemishini yokuhambisa ngesandla. Kodwa-ke, kule minyaka engu-30 edlule, inani lezimoto ezishintshayo emgwaqeni liye landa kakhulu.

Ngo-1985 kuphela u-5% wezimoto zaseBrithani ezazinomshini ozishintshayo futhi namuhla u-20% ungumnikazi wezimoto ezinomshini ozishintshayo. Ngo-2017 U-40% wezimoto ezithengiswa emakethe yase-UK bezinomshini ozishintshayo. - ngakho-ke abaseBrithani baya ngokuya bejwayela lolu hlobo lokudlulisela.

Ubuhle bokushayela imoto ezishintshayo, yiqiniso, ukuthi awudingi ukushintsha amagiya nhlobo. Kumayelana nokunethezeka. Ikakhulukazi uma ushayela ku-traffic, kumnandi ngendlela eyisimanga ukuba ne-automatic transmission ukuze ungagxili ekushintsheni amagiya.

Kodwa-ke, uma uthenga imoto eshintshwayo, uzojabulela umuzwa wokulawula nokubamba lapho ushintsha amagiya. Abanikazi bezimoto abaningi bayawuthanda umuzwa wokuba nemishini eshintshwayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kwezinye izimoto kubuye kubonakale sengathi umshini wokuhambisa ngesandla ushibhile ukuwugcina ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo - ukuthi kusebenza kanjani

I-"conventional" automatic transmission ilawulwa ngogesi ku-gearbox futhi inikwa amandla yi-hydraulic system. Futhi njengoba u-gearbox wenzelwe ukuthi ushintshele egiyeni elisha uma ushintsha ijubane lemoto, lokhu kuphinde kusho ukuthi ukonga kuphethiloli emshinini ozishintshayo muhle.

Njengoba igama lisho, umshayeli wemoto akudingeki ukuthi ashintshe amagiya ngesandla. Izilungiselelo ezivame kakhulu ze-shift lever ithi P yepaki, R yokuhlehla, N yokungathathi hlangothi, kanye no-D yokushayela.

Funda kabanzi ku-blog yethu ku ushayela kanjani nge automatic transmission.

Ama-automatic transmissions ajwayele ukuklanywa ngendlela yokuthi phakathi nendawo yegiya kube ne-cogwheel enkulu - "igiya lelanga" - elidlulisa amandla enjini. Eduze kwesondo legiya kukhona amagiya amaningana amancane abizwa ngamagiya eplanethi (afana namaplanethi azungeze ilanga). Zinobukhulu obuhlukene, futhi zingabuye zixhumeke futhi zihlukaniswe. Ezizungezile elinye igiya elikhulu elihambisa amandla egiyeni leplanethi, elibe lidlulisela amandla emasondweni. Ama-gearshifts ayenzeka uma kunenguquko engenamthungo phakathi kwamagiya ahlukahlukene eplanethi, okwenza kube lula futhi kuthule ukugibela kunokuba kudingeke ukuthi uyikhiphe bese usebenzisa i-clutch ngamagiya ashintshwayo.

Izimoto eziningi, isibonelo Ford inenguqulo ye-othomathikhi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Power Shift. Lokhu kusebenza ngokwenza amagiya aphendule kangcono nakakhulu ekucindezeleni i-accelerator futhi ngaleyo ndlela abambe kangcono, ngakho-ke uma ucindezela kakhulu ku-speeder, imoto ingagijima kangcono futhi ngokushesha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuno gearbox oyiCVT (Continuous Variable Transmission) emakethe. Ibonakala ngokuba khona kweketango elilodwa noma ibhande, eliguquguqukayo phakathi kwezigubhu ezimbili kuye ngesivinini nokuguquguquka. Ngakho-ke, kulo mshini ozishintshayo, i-transition ishelela kakhulu kune-gearbox enamagiya namashaft.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukugcinwa njalo ukudluliswa kwemoto okuzenzakalelayo ngokugcwele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi u-gearbox ujwayele ukulimala ngqo futhi uguge ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuno gearbox oshintshwayo lapho bamba othambekele kakhulu ekugqokeni. Ukuze kuhlolwe isevisi, ukudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo ngokugcwele kufanele kuhlanzwe kumadiphozithi nokunye ukungcola okuhlobene nokuguga kuwoyela wokudlulisela.

I-semi automatic transmission

Ku-semi-automatic transmission, i-clutch iseyingxenye yokudlulisela (kodwa hhayi i-clutch pedal), kuyilapho ikhompyutha igcina igiya lizishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Indlela i-semi-automatic transmission esebenza ngayo ihluke kakhulu kumoto uye kwenye. Kwezinye izimoto, awenzi lutho nhlobo uma ushintsha amagiya futhi ungavumela injini nezinto zikagesi zikwenzele wonke umsebenzi.

Kwezinye, udinga "ukutshela" injini uma ufuna ukukhuphuka noma ukwehla. Uphusha i-shift lever uye lapho ufuna khona, bese i-electronics ikushintshela amagiya. Ushintsho lwangempela lwenziwa kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "uyashayela".

Okokugcina, ezinye izimoto zikunikeza ithuba lokuzikhethela ukuthi ufuna ukungasebenzisi izandla ngokuphelele noma usebenzise i-shift lever ukushintsha amagiya.

Ngokombono wezezimali, ukuthenga imoto ene-semi-automatic transmission kungaba yinzuzo ngoba idinga ukulungiswa okuncane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma okuthile kuphuka ku-automatic ngokugcwele, umakhenikha kufanele angene ajule ku-transmission ukuze akulungise, okungabiza. Ngama-semi-automatic transmissions, une-clutch egqokwa kakhulu, hhayi u-gearbox, kanti i-clutch ishibhile ukuyilungisa kuno-gearbox.

Izimoto ezivame ukuhlonyiswa ngama-semi-automatic transmissions I-Peugeot, Citroën, Volkswagen, Audi, Škoda и isihlalo. Yiqiniso, uhlobo ngalunye lungaba nomklamo walo we-gearbox, kodwa lezi izinhlobo zezimoto ezijwayelekile zisebenzisa i-semi-automatic system.

U-gearbox we-DSG

I-DSG transmission iyisiphambano phakathi kwe-manual kanye ne-automatic transmission ngoba imoto ine-clutch. Lokhu akufani namanye ama-automatic aphelele. Ayikho i-clutch pedal, kodwa ukusebenza kwe-clutch ngokwayo kugcinwe kwi-dual clutch, eqinisekisa ukushintsha kwamagiya alula futhi asheshayo.

Lo gearbox utholakala kakhulu ezimotweni ze-Audi, Škoda neVolkswagen ngakho-ke ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezinkulu zaseJalimane.

Ezinye zezinkinga ngokudluliswa kwe-DSG ukuthi udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu ngokulungiswa kwayo. Uma ungayisevisi i-DSG transmission futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uwoyela we-gearbox nesihlungi sikawoyela kushintshile, ingahlala isikhathi esifushane uma iqhathaniswa nokudluliswa ngesandla. Kuyafiseleka ukuba nakho ukuhlolwa kwesevisi njalo ebangeni elingamamayela angu-38,000 njengoba amagiya aku-gearbox engonakaliswa uthuli namadiphozithi ahlobene nokuguga.

Ukudluliswa ngokulandelana

Ezinye izimoto zibuye zibe no-gearbox olandelanayo lapho, njengoba negama lisho, kufanele ushintshe igiya ngalinye noma ngabe uyakhuphuka noma wehla. Ngakho-ke ushintsha amagiya ngokulandelana egiyeni, futhi ngokungafani namagiya ashintshwayo, ungakwazi ukushintshela egiyeni eliza ngaphambi noma ngemuva kwaleli lamanje. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amagiya asemgqeni, akufani nefomethi ye-H oyaziyo kumagiya ashintshwayo. Okokugcina, inzuzo ukuthi ungakwazi ukushintsha amagiya ngokushesha futhi ukusheshisa ukusheshisa, yingakho i-gearbox elandelanayo isetshenziswa ezimotweni eziningi zomjaho.

Ukulawula ukushintsha okusebenzayo

Muva nje Hyundai ithuthukise uhlobo oluthuthukisiwe lokudluliswa kwezimoto eziyingxubevange. Imoto eyihybrid ikhethekile ngoba inophethiloli kanye nenjini kagesi. Inzuzo enkulu yale moto ukuthi isebenzisa injini kagesi ngesikhathi lapho izimoto ezijwayelekile zikaphethiloli zisebenzisa uphethiloli omningi, ikakhulukazi uma zisuka zisuka zisheshisa.

Ngamanye amazwi: lapho ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuphezulu kakhulu, imoto eyi-hybrid isebenzisa injini kagesi. Lokhu kunikeza ukonga kukaphethiloli okuhle ngempela futhi kuyilungele imvelo.

Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe be-Active Shift Control benza okukhulu ukonga uphethiloli, uguquko kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside. Kulokhu, ukusheshisa kuba ngcono.

Lona umsebenzi we-ASC system, ebuye yaziwe nge-Precise Shift Control, eyenza umfutho namandla adluliselwe emasondweni ngokukhuphula isivinini sokushintsha. Lokhu kufezwa inzwa esemotweni kagesi ebona isivinini ku-gearbox, bese ivunyelaniswa nenjini kagesi. Lona uzobe esengenelela uma eshintsha amagiya. Ngale ndlela, ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okungafika ku-30% kungagwenywa ngenxa yokuguquguquka okushelelayo, lapho injini kagesi igcina isivinini esikhulu semoto kulo lonke ushintsho. Isikhathi sokushintsha sincishisiwe sisuka ku-500 millisecond siye ku-350 milliseconds, futhi ukungqubuzana ku-gearbox kuncane, okwandisa impilo yesevisi.

Lobu buchwepheshe bethulwa okokuqala ezimotweni eziyi-hybrid yakwaHyundai bese kuba yizinhlobo zakwaKia asebeziwayo.

Konke mayelana no-gearbox / transmission

• Yenza ukudluliswa kwakho kuhlale isikhathi eside
• Ayini ama-automatic transmissions?
• Intengo engcono kakhulu uma ushayela nge-automatic transmission
• Ungashintsha kanjani igiya