Uyini umzimba wemoto lashukumisa: incazelo nohlu lwamamodeli

Ukugqwala kubhekwa njengesitha esiyinhloko sensimbi. Uma indawo yensimbi ingavikelwe, khona-ke iyawa ngokushesha. Le nkinga ibuye ihambisane nemizimba yezimoto. Ijazi lokupenda liyavikela, kepha lokhu akwenele. Esinye sezixazululo kwaba ukuqiniswa komzimba, okwandisa kakhulu impilo yenkonzo yayo. Le akuyona indlela elula kakhulu futhi eshibhile yokuvikela, ngakho-ke abakhiqizi banezindlela ezahlukahlukene zezindlela zokukhulisa.

Yini i-galvanizing

Inqubo ye-oxidation yenzeka ensimbi engavikelekile. Umoya-mpilo ungena ujule ungene ngaphakathi ensimbi, uyiqede kancane kancane. I-Zinc ibuye ihlanganise namoya emoyeni, kepha ifilimu evikelayo yakha phezulu. Le filimu ivimbela umoya-mpilo ukuba ungene ngaphakathi, umise i-oxidation.

Ngakho-ke, isisekelo esifakwe i-zinc sivikelwe kahle ngokugqwala. Ngokuya ngenqubo yokucubungula, umzimba oshubile ungahlala iminyaka engama-30.

Usizo. I-AvtoVAZ yaqala ukusebenzisa i-galvanizing yomzimba kuphela ngo-1998.

Ubuchwepheshe nezinhlobo ze-galvanizing

Isimo esiyinhloko sokufaka i-galvanizing yindawo ehlanzekile neleveli engeke ibhekwe ukugoba nemithelela. Embonini yezimoto, kusetshenziswa izindlela zokucubungula eziningana:

• hot-dip lashukumisa (ezishisayo);
• i-galvanic;
• kubanda.

Ake sicabangele ubuchwepheshe nomphumela wendlela ngayinye ngokuningiliziwe.

Kuyashisa

Lolu uhlobo oluphephe kakhulu futhi oluhamba phambili lokufaka i-galvanizing. Umzimba wemoto ucwiliswe ngokuphelele esitsheni se-zinc encibilikisiwe. Ukushisa ketshezi kungafinyelela ku-500 ° C. Le yindlela i-zinc emsulwa ephendula ngayo nge-oxygen ukuze yakhe i-zinc carbonate ebusweni, eyeka ukugqwala. I-Zinc imboza wonke umzimba kusuka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, kanye nawo wonke amalunga nokuhlangana. Lokhu kuvumela abenzi bezimoto ukuthi banikeze iwaranti yomzimba kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15.

Kwezinye izindawo, izingxenye ezicutshungulwa ngale ndlela zingahlala iminyaka engama-65-120. Noma umsebenzi wokupenda ulimele, ungqimba lwe-zinc luqala ukuxhuma, kepha hhayi insimbi. Ubukhulu besendlalelo esivikelayo ngama-microns ayi-15-20. Embonini, ubukhulu bufinyelela kuma-microns ayi-100, okwenza izingxenye zibe cishe zaphakade. Futhi, imihuzuko ngesikhathi sokusebenza okushisayo ivame ukuziqinisa.

Abakwa-Audi babe ngabokuqala ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe kwi-Audi A80. Kamuva le ndlela isetshenziswe ngabakwaVolvo, Porsche nabanye. Ngaphandle kokubiza okuphezulu kwe-hot-dip galvanizing, le ndlela ayisetshenziswanga kuphela ezimotweni ze-premium, kepha nakumamodeli wesabelomali. Isibonelo, iRenault Logan noma iFord Focus.

I-Electroplating

Endleleni ye-electroplating, i-zinc isetshenziswa ensimbi kusetshenziswa ugesi. Umzimba ufakwa esitsheni esine-electrolyte ene-zinc. Le ndlela yonga ekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa, ngoba i-zinc imboza insimbi ngongqimba impela. Ubukhulu besendlalelo se-zinc ngesikhathi se-galvanic yi-5-15 microns. Abakhiqizi banikeza isiqinisekiso kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10.

Njengoba i-electroplating ingavikeli kangako, abakhiqizi abaningi bathuthukisa ikhwalithi yensimbi, baqinisa ungqimba lwe-zinc, bese bengeza ungqimba we-primer.

Le ndlela isetshenziswa yimikhiqizo enjengeSkoda, Mitsubishi, Chevrolet, Toyota, BMW, Volkswagen, Mercedes nezinye.

Usizo. Kusukela ngo-2014, i-UAZ ibisebenzisa i-galvanic galvanizing ku-Patriot, Hunter, Pickup models. Ungqimba ubukhulu 9-15 microns.

Kuyabanda

Kuyindlela elula futhi engabizi kakhulu yokuvikela umzimba ekugqonyeni. Isetshenziswa kumamodeli amaningi wesabelomali, kufaka phakathi iLada. Kulokhu, i-zinc powder ehlakazeke kakhulu isetshenziswa ngokufafaza. Okuqukethwe kwe-zinc kokumbozayo kungu-90-93%.

I-Cold galvanizing isetshenziswa kabanzi ngabakhiqizi bezimoto baseChina, baseKorea nabaseRussia. Ukubumba okubandayo okuncane kuyasetshenziswa kaningi, lapho kucutshungulwa ingxenye kuphela yezingxenye noma uhlangothi olulodwa kuphela. Ngemuva kwalokho ukugqwala kungaqala, ngokwesibonelo, kusuka ngaphakathi, yize imoto uqobo ibukeka kahle ngaphandle.

Ubuhle nobubi bezindlela zokuvuselela

Indlela ngayinye echaziwe yokusebenzisa ukuvikelwa kwe-zinc inezinzuzo zayo kanye nama-minus.

• I-Hot-dip galvanizing inikeza ukuvikelwa okuhle kakhulu, kepha ungqimba olulinganayo alutholakali. Futhi, umbala wokumboza ungwevu futhi u-matte. Amakristalu e-Zinc angabhekwa.
• Indlela ye-electroplating ivikela kancane kancane, kepha ingxenye iyacwebezela futhi iyalingana. Kuyasiza futhi ngombono wezomnotho.
• Futhi indlela yokubanda ebandayo ishibhile kuphela, kepha lokhu kuhle kuphela kubakhiqizi, yize ikuvumela ukuthi wehlise intengo yemoto.

Ungathola kanjani ukuthi umzimba wemoto uhlanganisiwe noma cha?

Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi umzimba ufakwe i-zinc noma cha, into yokuqala okufanele ukwenze ukubuka imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe yemoto. Uma ungalibonanga igama elithi "zinc" lapho, khona-ke akukho kuvikelwa ekubhekaneni nokugqwala. Yize iningi labakhiqizi bezimoto lisebenzisa i-zinc plating, umbuzo kuphela indlela nendawo yokwelashwa. Isibonelo, ku-Lada Priora kuze kube ngu-2008, kwakungu-28% kuphela womzimba owafakwa, ku-VAZ 2110 kuphela u-30% womzimba owamboziwe. Futhi lokhu kunendlela yokucubungula okubandayo. Imvamisa, abakhiqizi baseChina bonga ekwelashweni kwe-zinc.

Ungaphinda useshe imininingwane kwi-Intanethi ngezinsizakusebenza ezigunyaziwe. Kunamatafula amaningi atholakala. Ungabona eyodwa yalezi ekugcineni kwalesi sihloko.

Uma ubonile ibinzana elithi "galvanized full", khona-ke lokhu kukhuluma ngendlela ye-galvanic noma eshisayo yokucubungula umzimba wonke. Isisekelo esinjalo sizohlala iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokugqwala.

Amanye amamodeli athandwayo anomzimba osetshenzisiwe

Njengoba sekushiwo, i-galvanization ephelele iyasetshenziswa futhi kumamodeli amaningi wesabelomali. Okulandelayo, sizokwethulela izinhlobo ezithile zezimoto ezinamabhodlela wokulwa nokugqwala athandwa kakhulu eRussia nakwamanye amazwe.

• AbakwaRenault Logan... Umzimba walo mkhiqizo othandwayo umelana kakhulu nokugqwala. Kusukela ngo-2008, ihlanganiswe ngokugcwele.
• I-Chevrolet Lacetti... Imoto engabizi, kepha enengubo yokulwa nokugqwala ngokuphelele. Kusetshenziswe i-Electroplating.
• I-Audi A6 (C5)... Ngisho nezimoto ezineminyaka engama-20 kuleli klasi zibukeka zibonga kakhulu engxenyeni enkulu ye-galvanization ephelele. Kungashiwo okufanayo ngazo zonke izimoto zakwa-Audi. Lo mkhiqizi usebenzisa i-hot-dip galvanizing.
• I-Ford Focus... Imoto yabantu bangempela enokuvikelwa okuhle kokulwa nokugqwala. Yonke imizimba ekuleli banga isetshenziselwe ukushisa.
• IMitsubishi Lancer... Imoto eqinile nethembekile, ethandwa eRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Ayifuni ukugqwala ngenxa yokumboza kwayo okungu-9-15 micron zinc.

Ithebula lomzimba wemoto lashukumisa kanye nezindlela zokucubungula

Imininingwane eminingi ngezindlela zokufaka amandla emzimbeni wezinhlobo zezimoto ezidumile ingatholakala etafuleni elingezansi:

Imodeli yemoto	Uhlobo lashukumisa
I-Audi 100 C3 1986, 1987, 1988	Ukushisa okuyingxenye (uhlangothi olulodwa)
I-Audi 100 C4 1988-1994 (konke ukulungiswa)
I-Audi A1 8x 2010-2019	Ukushisa okuphelele (emaceleni amabili)
I-Audi A5 8t 2007-2016 ne-2 2016-2019
I-Audi Allroad C5 2000	Ukushisa okuyingxenye (uhlangothi olulodwa)
I-Audi Allroad C5 2001-2005	Ukushisa okuphelele (emaceleni amabili)
I-Audi Q3 8u 2011-2019
I-Audi R8 (konke ukulungiswa)
I-Audi Rs-6 (konke ukulungiswa)
I-Audi S2	Ukushisa okuyingxenye (uhlangothi olulodwa)
I-Audi S6 C4 ne-C5
I-Audi S6 C6 ne-C7	Ukushisa okuphelele (emaceleni amabili)
I-Audi Tt 8n	Ukushisa okuyingxenye (uhlangothi olulodwa)
I-Audi Tt 8j и 8s	Ukushisa okuphelele (emaceleni amabili)
I-Audi A2 8z 1999-2000	Ukushisa okuyingxenye (uhlangothi olulodwa)
I-Audi A2 8z 2001-2005	Ukushisa okuphelele (emaceleni amabili)
I-Audi A6 (konke ukulungiswa)
I-Audi Cabriolet B4	Ukushisa okuyingxenye (uhlangothi olulodwa)
I-Audi Q5	Ukushisa okuphelele (emaceleni amabili)
Ama-Audi Rs-3
Ama-Audi Rs-7
I-Audi S3 8l	Ukushisa okuyingxenye (uhlangothi olulodwa)
I-Audi S3 8v	Ukushisa okuphelele (emaceleni amabili)
I-Audi S7
I-Audi 80 B3 neB4	Ukushisa okuyingxenye (uhlangothi olulodwa)
I-Audi A3 8l
I-Audi A3 8p, 8pa, 8v	Ukushisa okuphelele (emaceleni amabili)
I-Audi A7
I-Audi Coupe 89	Ukushisa okuyingxenye (uhlangothi olulodwa)
I-Audi Q7	Ukushisa okuphelele (emaceleni amabili)
Ama-Audi Rs-4, ama-Rs-5
I-Audi Rs-q3
I-Audi S4 C4 и B5	Ukushisa okuyingxenye (uhlangothi olulodwa)
I-Audi S4 B6, B7 и B8	Ukushisa okuphelele (emaceleni amabili)
I-Audi S8 D2	Ukushisa okuyingxenye (uhlangothi olulodwa)
I-Audi S8 D3, D4	Ukushisa okuphelele (emaceleni amabili)
I-Audi 90	Ukushisa okuyingxenye (uhlangothi olulodwa)
I-Audi A4	Ukushisa okuphelele (emaceleni amabili)
I-Audi A8
I-Audi Q8
I-Audi Quattro ngemuva kuka-1986	Ukushisa okuyingxenye (uhlangothi olulodwa)
I-Audi S1, S5, Sq5	Ukushisa okuphelele (emaceleni amabili)
I-BMW 1, 2, 3 E90 ne-F30, 4, 5 E60 ne-G30, 6 ngemuva kuka-2003, 7 ngemuva kuka-1998, M3 ngemuva kuka-2000, M4, M5 ngemuva kuka-1998, M6 ngemuva kuka-2004, X1, X3, X5, X6, Z3 ngemuva kuka-1998 , Z4, M2, X2, X4	I-galvanic ephelele (emaceleni amabili)
BMW 8, Z1, Z8	I-electroplating engaphelele (emaceleni amabili)
I-Chevrolet Astro ngemuva kuka 1989, Cruze 1, Impala 7 no 8, Niva 2002-2008, Suburban Gmt400 kanye no 800, I-Avalanche ngaphambi kokubuyisela kabusha	I-electroplating engaphelele (emaceleni amabili)
Chevrolet Captiva, Cruze J300 no 3, Impala 9 no 10, Niva 2009-2019, Suburban Gmt900, Avalanche ngemuva restyling	I-galvanic ephelele (emaceleni amabili)
I-Chevrolet Aveo, Epica, Lacetti, Orlando, Blazer 5, Cobalt, Evanda, Lanos, Camaro 5 и 6, Spark, Trail-blazer	I-galvanic ephelele (emaceleni amabili)
IChevrolet Blazer 4, iCamaro 4
I-Chevrolet Corvette C4 и C5	Ukushisa okuyingxenye (uhlangothi olulodwa)
I-Chevrolet Corvette C6 и C7	Ukushisa okuphelele (emaceleni amabili)
I-Fiat 500, 600, iDoblo, iDucato, iScudo, iSiena после 2000 года, iStilo	I-electroplating engaphelele (emaceleni amabili)
I-Fiat Brava neBravo kuze kufike ku-1999, uTipo 1995	Ukuxhuma kwe-nod lashukumisa okubandayo
IFord Explorer, Focus, Fiesta, Mustang, Transit ngemuva kuka-2001, Fusion, Kuga	Ukushisa okuphelele (emaceleni amabili)
IFort Escort, iScorpio, iSierra	Ukushisa okuyingxenye (uhlangothi olulodwa)
IHonda Accord, iCivic, iCr-v, iFit, iStepwgn, i-Odyssey kusukela ngo-2005	I-galvanic ephelele (emaceleni amabili)
IHyundai Accent, Elantra, Getz, Grandeur, Santa-fe, Solaris, Sonata, Terracan, Tucson после 2005 года	Ukubanda okuncane
IHyundai Galloper	Ukuxhuma kwe-nod lashukumisa okubandayo
I-Infiniti Qx30, Q30, Q40	I-galvanic ephelele (emaceleni amabili)
I-Infiniti M-series kuze kufike ku-2006	Ukubanda okuncane
IJaguar F-type Coupe, Roadster	Ukushisa okuphelele (emaceleni amabili)
Uhlobo lweJaguar S ngemuva kuka-2007, Xe, E-pace	I-galvanic ephelele (emaceleni amabili)
ILand Rover Defender, iFreelander, iRange-rover ngemuva kuka-2007
Mazda 5, 6, Cx-7 ngemuva kuka-2006, Cx-5, Cx-8
IMercedes-Benz A-class, C-class, E-class, Vito, Sprinter minibus ngemuva kuka-1998, B-class, M-class, X-class, Gls-class
IMitsubishi Galant, L200, Lancer, Montero, Pajero с 2000 года, Asx, Outlander
INissan Almera kusuka ngo-2012, Mashi, Navara, X-trail kusuka ngo-2007, uJuke
I-Opel Astra, iCorsa, iVectra, iZafira kusukela ngo-2008
IPorsche 911 kusukela ngo-1999, uCayenne, 918, uCarrera-gt	Ukushisa okuphelele (emaceleni amabili)
Porsche 959	I-electroplating engaphelele (emaceleni amabili)
IRenault Megane, Scenic, Duster, Kangoo	Ingxenye yensimbi ye-zinc
AbakwaRenault Logan	I-galvanic ephelele (emaceleni amabili)
Isihlalo Altea, Alhambra, Leon, Mii
ISkoda Octavia kusukela ngo-1999, uFabia, uYeti, uRipid
IToyota Camry kusuka ngo-2001, iCorolla kusuka ngo-1991, iHilux neLand-cruiser kusukela ngo-2000
IVolkswagen Amarok, iGalofu, iJetta, iTiguan, iPolo, iTouareg
IVolvo C30, V40, V60, V70, V90, S90, Xc60	Ukushisa okuphelele (emaceleni amabili)
Lada Kalina, Priora, Vaz-2111, 2112, 2113, 2114, 2115 kusukela ngo-2009, eGranta, eLargus	Ukubanda okuncane
I-Vaz-Oka, 2104, 2105, 2106, 2107, 2108, 2109, 2110 kusukela ngo-1999	Ukuxhuma kwe-nod lashukumisa okubandayo

Ividiyo ethakazelisayo

Bheka inqubo yokufaka umfutho ngezandla ngezandla zakho ku-workshop kuvidiyo engezansi:

Ukugoqa umzimba kunikeza ukuvikelwa okuhle kokulwa nokugqwala, kepha kunomehluko endleleni yokumboza. Umzimba ngeke uphile isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuvikelwa, iminyaka engaphezulu kwengu-7-8. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga imoto, kufanele unake isikhathi okwamanje.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Yiziphi i-Chevrolet ezinomzimba owenziwe lathayela? Aveo, Blazer (3,4,5), Camaro (2-6), Captiva, Malibu, Cruze (1, J300 2009-2014, 3 2015-2021), Lacetti (2004-2013), Lanos (2005-2009) , Niva (2002-2021) (

Unganquma kanjani ukuthi umzimba unamandla noma cha? Uma kungenzeka, ungabheka ikhodi ye-VIN (abakhiqizi abaningi babonisa ikhodi yebhodi eliqinile). Esizeni se-chip - indlela eqinisekile yokuhlola ubukhona be-galvanized.

Hlobo luni lwama-SUV anomzimba ophehliwe? Nazi izinhlobo zezimoto zazo ezingathola umzimba othayela: Porsche, Audi, Volvo, Ford, Chevrolet, Opel, Audi. Imodeli efanayo eminyakeni ehlukene yokukhiqiza ingase ihluke ohlotsheni lokuvikela umzimba.