Kuyini ukumiswa kwezixhumanisi eziningi, idivayisi kanye nesimiso sokusebenza
Okuqukethwe
Ukusingathwa kwezimoto ezimeni ezinzima ezihamba ngesivinini esiphezulu kwaqala ukubhekwana nakho lapho amandla enjini eyeka ukuba yinkinga. Kwaba sobala ukuthi ukumiswa okulungile kulo mbono kungaba uhlobo lwepharalelogramu enamaleveli amabili. I-geometry ekhethwe kahle yama-levers yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukugcina ngokunembile ukuqina kokuxhumana okuhle kwesondo nomgwaqo.
Kodwa akukho mkhawulo ekupheleleni, futhi uhlelo olusha lwaqala ukuba namaphutha emvelo, ikakhulukazi, ukuqondisa kwe-parasitic ngesikhathi sokulayisha isondo emakhoneni. Kwadingeka ngiqhubekele phambili.
Kungani ukumiswa kubizwa nge-multi-link
Ukuthuthukiswa kokumiswa kwe-double wishbone kudinga ukwengezwa kwamandla engeziwe asebenza kumahabhu amasondo emakhoneni kulawo akhona.
Kungenzeka ukuwadala ngokufaka ama-levers amasha ekumisweni, ngoshintsho oluthile ku-kinematics yalezi ezikhona. Inani lama-levers lakhula, futhi ukumiswa kwabizwa ngokuthi i-multi-link (Multilink).
Izici
Uhlobo olusha lokumiswa luthole izici eziyisisekelo:
- izingalo ezingaphezulu neziphansi zithole umklamo ohlukanisiwe, ngayinye yazo ingahlukaniswa ibe yizinduku ezihlukene, futhi amazinga angathandeki enkululeko anxeshezelwa ngezinduku ezengeziwe kanye nama-pusher;
- ukuzimela kokumiswa kuye kwagcinwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwaba nokwenzeka ukulawula ngokuhlukana ama-angles amasondo, kuye ngokuthi isikhundla sabo samanje emakhothameni;
- imisebenzi yokuhlinzeka ngokuqina kwe-longitudinal kanye ne-transverse ingasatshalaliswa phezu kwezinsimbi ezihlukene;
- ngokungeza ama-levers aqondiswe endizeni oyifunayo, kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlela noma iyiphi i-trajectory yesondo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zonke izimfanelo ezinhle ze-levers double triangular zagcinwa, izici ezintsha zaba isengezo esizimele kulezi ezikhona.
Uhlelo kanye nedivayisi yokumiswa kwangemuva
Konke kuqale ngokushintshwa kwe-suspension yamasondo angemuva. Konke kwakuhamba kahle ngabangaphambili, ngoba umshayeli ngokwakhe angathonya ngokushesha ama-angles abo.
Isici sokuqala esingajabulisi sokumiswa okuzimele kwakudala kwakuwushintsho lwama-engeli ezinzwane ngenxa yokuhambisana kwemvelo kwe-kinematic yamalever angunxantathu kumabhulokhi athule.
Ngokwemvelo, ezimotweni ezikhethekile zokugijima, amalunga aqinile asetshenziswa, kodwa lokhu kunciphise induduzo, futhi akuzange kuxazulule ngokuphelele inkinga. Kwakudingekile ukwenza ama-subframes aqinile kakhulu, imizimba, engamukeleki ezimotweni zabantu. Kube lula ukwengeza enye i-lever enxephezela ukujikeleza kwesondo, idala i-torque ehlukile.
Umqondo wasebenza, okwathi ngemva kwalokho umphumela wathuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo ngokushintsha i-parasitic oversteer ibe ingathathi hlangothi, noma inganele. Lokhu kusize ukuzinzisa imoto ekhoneni, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukugoqa ekhoneni ngokuphepha ngenxa yomphumela wokuqondisa.
Umphumela ofanayo omuhle unikezwa ngokushintsha i-camber yesondo ngesikhathi sokushaywa kokusebenza kokumiswa ngendlela efanele. Onjiniyela bathola ithuluzi elihle okwaba nokwenzeka ngalo ukulungisa kahle ukumiswa.
Njengamanje, inketho engcono kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezileveli ezinhlanu ohlangothini ngalunye lwe-asili enemigqa ebalwa ngekhompyutha yokuhamba kwamasondo phakathi kwamaphoyinti adlulele ohambo lokuya phambili nokuhlehla lokumiswa. Nakuba ukuze kube lula futhi kuncishiswe izindleko, inani lama-levers lingase lehle.
Uhlelo kanye nedivayisi yokumiswa kwangaphambili
I-multi-link yangaphambili isetshenziswa kancane kakhulu. Lokhu akudingekile ikakhulukazi, kodwa abanye abakhiqizi basebenza kule ndlela.
Ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukisa ukushelela kokugibela, okwenza ukumiswa kunwebeka kakhudlwana, kuyilapho kugcinwa ukulawuleka. Njengomthetho, konke kufika enkingeni yokuklama kwesifunda esinama-levers amabili angama-triangular.
Ngokwethiyori, lena ipharalelogramu evamile, kodwa empeleni uhlelo lwamalever azimele anamahinge alo nenjongo yokusebenza. Ayikho indlela eyodwa lapha. Kunalokho, singakhuluma ngokukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwalezi ziqondiso eziyinkimbinkimbi emishinini yeprimiyamu.
Isebenza kanjani i-Multilink
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokumiswa, isondo lingathinteka hhayi kuphela ngamandla okulayisha acindezela isiphethu, ngaphandle kokujikeleza kwesondo, kodwa futhi ngamandla ama-longitudinal ngesikhathi sokubhuleka noma ukusheshisa ngokushintshana.
Isondo liqala ukuchezukela phambili noma emuva kuye ngophawu lokusheshisa. Kunoma yikuphi, i-angle yezinzwane zamasondo e-axle yangemuva iqala ukushintsha.
I-lever eyengeziwe ye-Multilink, ebekwe endaweni ethile, iyakwazi ukushintsha uzwane. Isondo elilayishiwe liphenduka ngendlela yokunxephezela ukuhoxa kwe-parasitic kwendiza yokuzungezisa. Umshini ubuyisela izici zawo zokubamba zangempela.
Yonke eminye imisebenzi yamayunithi amisiwe iyafana nanoma yimuphi omunye umklamo wohlobo oluzimele. Isici esinwebekayo esisesimweni sentwasahlobo, i-telescopic hydraulic shock absorber kanye ne-anti-roll bar isebenza ngendlela efanayo ncamashi.
Izinzuzo nezingozi nebubi
Njenganoma iyiphi indlela eyinkimbinkimbi, ukumiswa kwezixhumanisi eziningi kwenza yonke imisebenzi okwadalelwa yona:
- izimoto ezine-Multilink zinokuphatha okuhle kakhulu, isiqephu sokuxhumana nomgwaqo sihlala sikhulu ngangokunokwenzeka, ithonya lamandla angafuneki aseceleni liyancishiswa, futhi amandla amahle avela ngesikhathi futhi alawulwa kahle lapho kulungiswa kahle ukumiswa;
- ukumiswa kunikeza induduzo etholakala kunoma yiluphi uhlelo oluzimele, kunganciphisi nje kuphela ukusheshisa okuqondile komzimba, kodwa futhi nokushaqeka okungemuva lapho kushaya ama-bumps emakhoneni, izakhi eziningi ezinwebekayo zisebenza kahle ukudlidliza okuncane;
- umklamo unokugcinwa okuhle, zonke izinsimbi namahinge zizimele futhi zingahlakazwa ngokuzimela ukuze zifakwe esikhundleni;
- ukumiswa kuvame ukuhlanganiswa ne-subframe, evumela ukuthi iphinde ihlukaniswe nomzimba;
- ukushiya isikhala esikhaleni sawo wonke ama-lever kanye nokucushwa kwawo okungenangqondo (indawo ehlobene kuphela yamahinge okugcina ibalulekile) kwenza kube lula ukuhlanganisa amayunithi okushayela amasondo angemuva.
Ukungalungi, empeleni, kukodwa - ubunzima obuphezulu, ngakho-ke intengo. Kokubili ekukhiqizeni nasekulungiseni, njengoba inani elikhulu lamahinge agqokekayo lingaphansi kokushintshwa.
Akunanzuzo ukubeka kuzo umkhawulo okhuphukile wokuphepha, ukungezwa kwezixuku ezingaphenduliwe kuphindaphindwa ngenani lama-levers.
Yikuphi okungcono, i-Torsion beam, i-MacPherson strut noma i-Multi-link
Asikho isilinganiso esiphelele samanani ezinhlobo ezahlukene zokumiswa; ngayinye inomkhawulo wayo wokusebenza emakilasini athile nasezigabeni zezimoto. Futhi isimo sengqondo sabakhiqizi sivame ukushintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-suspension ilula, ihlala isikhathi eside, ishibhile futhi ilungele izimoto ezingabizi kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngeke inikeze ukulawulwa okuphelele, kanye nokunethezeka okuphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto efiselekayo kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-subframe, okuyinto ugongolo lwe-torsion aludingi.
Muva nje, kube nokubuyela ekumisweni okulula, ngisho nakulawo mamodeli lapho i-multi-link yayisetshenziswe ngaphambilini. Abakhiqizi bakuthola kungenasidingo ukwanelisa izifiso zezintatheli zezimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, okungahlali kucace kubathengi abajwayelekile bezimoto.
Ukungasebenzi kahle okungenzeka kokumiswa kwezixhumanisi eziningi
Naphezu kobunzima obubonakalayo, ukusebenza kwe-multi-link akudingi lutho olukhethekile kumnikazi. Konke kuncike ekushintsheni okujwayelekile kwamahinge agugile, inani elikhulu kuphela elidala ukuphazamiseka.
Kodwa kukhona okukhethekile, kuphela le nkinga engokwemvelo yokumiswa. Ama-levers amaningi, ngenxa yesifiso sokunciphisa isisindo sabo esiphelele, awanamandla ngokwanele. Ikakhulukazi uma zenziwe nge-aluminium alloys ukuze zisize.
Amaqhuqhuva avela emaqhumeni emgwaqeni angawa ngephutha abheke ohlangothini olungalungile, lapho ebonwa yisigaxa esisodwa esilula nesintekenteke.
Insimbi ikhubazekile, imoto iqala ukugqoka i-rubber futhi ilahlekelwa kakhulu ukulawula. Lokhu kudinga ukubukwa ikakhulukazi. Imishayo enamandla namalever aphindwe kabili mancane kakhulu amathuba okwenza lokhu.
Okunye ukunakekelwa kokumiswa kuyafana nazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo. Izibambisi ezivuzayo zokushaqeka, iziphethu ezibuthakathaka noma eziphukile, ama-struts agugile nama-stabilizer bushings angaphansi kokushintshwa.
Ngemuva kwanoma yikuphi ukungenelela ekumisweni, kuyadingeka ukuhlola nokubuyisela ama-angles okuqondisa amasondo okuqala, lapho ama-clutches okulungisa noma ama-bolt e-eccentric enziwa kuma-levers.
