Yini i-lambda probe. Inzwa ye-oxygen ikulawula kanjani ukusebenza kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi

Izimoto zamanje zigcwele yonke inhlobo yezinzwa ezilawula isondo namabhuleki, i-antifreeze kanye nokushisa kukawoyela emshinini wokuthambisa, izinga likaphethiloli, isivinini samasondo, i-steering angle nokunye okuningi. Kusetshenziswa izinzwa eziningi ukulawula izindlela zokusebenza zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Phakathi kwazo kukhona idivayisi enegama elingaqondakali i-lambda probe, okuzoxoxwa ngayo kulesi sihloko.

Uhlamvu lwesiGreek elithi lambda (λ) luchaza i-coefficient ebonisa ukuchezuka kokwakheka kwengxube yesibaseli somoya esinikezwa kumasilinda enjini evuthayo asuka kwephezulu. Qaphela ukuthi ezincwadini zobuchwepheshe zolimi lwesiRashiya zale coefficient, olunye uhlamvu lwesiGreki luvame ukusetshenziswa - alpha (α).

Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi kufinyelelwa ngesilinganiso esithile somoya kanye nenani likaphethiloli elingena kumasilinda. Engxubeni enjalo yomoya, ncamashi njengoba kudingeka ukuze kushiswe uphethiloli. Akusekho, akukho okuncane. Lesi silinganiso somoya nophethiloli sibizwa nge-stoichiometric. 

Kumayunithi kagesi asebenza kuphethiloli, isilinganiso se-stoichiometric singu-14,7, kumayunithi edizili - 14,6, ngegesi eliwuketshezi (ingxube ye-propane-butane) - 15,5, yegesi ecindezelwe (methane) - 17,2.

Ngengxube ye-stoichiometric, λ = 1. Uma i-λ ingaphezu kuka-1, khona-ke kunomoya omningi kunalokho okudingekayo, bese bekhuluma ngengxube ethambile. Uma λ ingaphansi kuka-1, ingxube kuthiwa inothisiwe.

Ingxube ethambile izonciphisa amandla enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi futhi yenze ukonga kukaphethiloli kubi. Futhi ngesilinganiso esithile, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi izomane imile.

Endabeni yokusebenza kumxube ocebile, amandla azokhula. Intengo yamandla anjalo iwukumosha okukhulu kukaphethiloli. Ukwenyuka okwengeziwe kwenani likaphethiloli kule ngxube kuzodala izinkinga zokushisa nokusebenza okungazinzile kweyunithi. Ukuntuleka kwe-oksijeni ngeke kuvumele uphethiloli ukuba ushise ngokuphelele, okuzokwandisa kakhulu ukuhlushwa kwezinto eziyingozi ekuphumeni. Uphethiloli uzosha kancane ohlelweni lwe-exhaust, okubangele ukukhubazeka ku-muffler kanye ne-catalyst. Lokhu kuzoboniswa ama-pop kanye nentuthu emnyama evela kwipayipi yokukhipha umoya. Uma lezi zimpawu zivela, kufanele uqale uhlole isihlungi somoya. Mhlawumbe imane ivalekile futhi ayivumeli umoya ungene enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi.

Iyunithi yokulawula injini ihlale iqapha ukwakheka kwengxube kumasilinda futhi ilawula inani likaphethiloli ojovwe, igcina ngamandla inani le-coefficient λ lisondele ku-1 ngangokunokwenzeka. lapho λ = 1,03 ... Lena imodi yokonga kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho, inciphisa ukukhishwa okuyingozi, njengoba ukuba khona kwenani elincane le-oxygen kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukushisa i-carbon monoxide nama-hydrocarbons kusiguquli se-catalytic.

I-lambda probe iyidivayisi eqapha ukwakheka kwengxube yamafutha omoya, inikeze isignali ehambisanayo ne-ECU yenjini. 



Ivamise ukufakwa endaweni yokungena kwesiguquli se-catalytic futhi isabela ebukhoneni bwe-oksijini kumagesi aphumayo. Ngakho-ke, i-lambda probe ibizwa nangokuthi inzwa ye-oxygen esalayo noma inzwa ye-oxygen. 

Inzwa isuselwe ku-elementi ye-ceramic (1) eyenziwe nge-zirconium dioxide ehlanganiswe ne-yttrium oxide, esebenza njenge-solid-state electrolyte. I-platinum yakha ama-electrodes - angaphandle (2) nangaphakathi (3). Kusuka koxhumana nabo (5 no-4), i-voltage iyasuswa, enikezwa ngezintambo kukhompyutha.



I-electrode yangaphandle ishaywa ngamagesi aphumayo ashisayo adlula epayipini le-exhaust, futhi i-electrode yangaphakathi ixhumene nomoya womkhathi. Umehluko enanini le-oxygen ku-electrode yangaphandle nangaphakathi kubangela ukuba i-voltage ivele koxhumana nabo besignali be-probe kanye nokusabela okuhambisanayo kwe-ECU.

Uma ukungabikho komoya-mpilo ku-electrode yangaphandle yenzwa, iyunithi yokulawula ithola i-voltage engaba ngu-0,9 V ngokufaka kwayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ikhompyutha inciphisa ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli kuma-injection, incike ingxube, bese kuvela umoya-mpilo i-electrode yangaphandle ye-lambda probe. Lokhu kubangela ukuncipha kwe-voltage ephumayo ekhiqizwa inzwa ye-oxygen. 

Uma inani le-oksijini elidlula ku-electrode yangaphandle likhuphukela enanini elithile, khona-ke i-voltage ekuphumeni kwenzwa yehlela cishe ku-0,1 V. I-ECU ibona lokhu njengengxube ethambile, futhi ikulungisa ngokukhuphula umjovo kaphethiloli. 

Ngale ndlela, ukwakheka kwengxube kulawulwa ngamandla, futhi inani le-coefficient λ lihlala liguquguquka cishe ku-1. Uma uxhuma i-oscilloscope koxhumana nabo be-lambda probe esebenza kahle, sizobona isignali eduze ne-sinusoid ehlanzekile. . 

Ukulungisa okunembe kakhudlwana nokuguquguquka okuncane ku-lambda kungenzeka uma inzwa yomoya-mpilo eyengeziwe ifakiwe lapho kuphuma khona isiguquli se-catalytic. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenza kwe-catalyst kuyaqashwa.

1. ukudla okuningi;
2. ICE;
3. ECU;
4. ama-injector fuel;
5. inzwa enkulu ye-oxygen;
6. inzwa ye-oxygen eyengeziwe;
7. isiguquli se-catalytic.

I-solid-state electrolyte ithola i-conductivity kuphela lapho ishisisa cishe ku-300...400 °C. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-lambda probe ayisebenzi isikhathi esithile ngemva kokuqala kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, kuze kube yilapho amagesi e-exhaust ayifudumeza ngokwanele. Kulesi simo, ingxube ilawulwa ngesisekelo sezimpawu ezivela kwezinye izinzwa kanye nedatha yefekthri kumemori yekhompyutha. Ukuze kusheshiswe ukufakwa kwenzwa ye-oxygen ekusebenzeni, kuvame ukuhlinzekwa ngokushisa kagesi ngokushumeka into yokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-ceramic.

inzwa ngayinye ngokushesha noma kamuva iqala ukusebenza futhi idinga ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa. I-lambda probe ayihlukile. Ezimweni zangempela zase-Ukraine, isebenza kahle ngesilinganiso sama-60 ... amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100. Izizathu eziningi zingafinyeza ukuphila kwayo.

1. Uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi nezithasiselo ezingabazekayo. Ukungcola kungangcolisa izakhi ezibucayi zenzwa. 
2. Ukungcoliswa namafutha angena kumagesi okukhipha amandla ngenxa yezinkinga eqenjini le-piston.
3. I-probe ye-lambda iklanyelwe ukusebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, kodwa kuze kufike kumkhawulo othile (cishe 900 ... 1000 ° C). Ukushisa ngokweqile ngenxa yokusebenza okungalungile kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi noma isistimu yokuthungela kungalimaza inzwa ye-oxygen.
4. Izinkinga zikagesi - i-oxidation yoxhumana nabo, izintambo ezivulekile noma ezifushane, njalonjalo.
5. amaphutha emishini.

Ngaphandle kokuthi esimweni sokukhubazeka komthelela, inzwa yomoya-mpilo esele ivamise ukufa kancane, futhi izimpawu zokwehluleka zivela kancane kancane, zibe sobala kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izimpawu ze-lambda probe engalungile zimi kanje:

• Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.
• Amandla enjini anciphile.
• Ukuwohloka kwama-dynamics.
• Amajezi ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwemoto.
• Ukuntanta kungenzi lutho.
• I-Exhaust toxicity yanda. Kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko ngosizo lokuxilongwa okufanele, okungavamile ukubonakaliswa iphunga elimnandi noma intuthu emnyama.
• Ukushisa ngokweqile kwesiguquli se-catalytic.

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lezi zimpawu azihlali zihlotshaniswa nokungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa ye-oxygen, ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale imbangela yangempela yenkinga. 

ungakwazi ukuhlonza ubuqotho bezintambo ngokudayela nge-multimeter. Kufanele futhi uqiniseke ukuthi akukho ukujikeleza okufushane kwezintambo ku-case kanye komunye nomunye. 

thola ukuphikiswa kwesici sokushisa, kufanele kube cishe ama-5 ... 15 ohms. 

I-voltage yokuhlinzeka ye-heater kufanele ibe seduze ne-voltage ye-onboard power supply. 

Kungenzeka ngempela ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlobene nezintambo noma ukuntuleka kokuxhumana kusixhumi, kodwa ngokuvamile, inzwa ye-oxygen ayikwazi ukulungiswa.

Ukuhlanza inzwa ekungcoleni kuyinkinga kakhulu, futhi ezimweni eziningi akunakwenzeka. Ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngendwangu yesiliva ecwebezelayo ebangelwa ukuba khona komthofu kuphethiloli. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziqhumayo kanye nama-ejenti okuhlanza kuzoqeda idivayisi ngokuphelele futhi ngokungaguquki. Izinto eziningi ezisebenza ngamakhemikhali nazo zingayilimaza.

Izincomo ezitholakala enetheni zokuhlanza i-lambda probe nge-phosphoric acid zinikeza umphumela oyifunayo esimweni esisodwa kweziyikhulu. Abafisayo bangazama.

Ukukhubaza uphenyo lwe-lambda olungalungile kuzoshintsha isistimu yomjovo kaphethiloli ibe imodi yefekthri emaphakathi ebhaliswe kumemori ye-ECU. Kungase kubonakale kukude kakhulu nokulungile, ngakho-ke ehlulekile kufanele ishintshwe kufakwe entsha ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ukukhipha inzwa kudinga ukunakekelwa ukuze ungalimazi izintambo kupayipi lokukhipha umoya. Ngaphambi kokufaka idivayisi entsha, izintambo kufanele zihlanzwe futhi zigcotshwe ngamafutha ashisayo noma i-graphite grease (qiniseka ukuthi ayitholi isici esibucayi senzwa). Khipha i-lambda probe nge-torque wrench uye ku-torque efanele.

Ungasebenzisi i-silicone noma amanye ama-sealant lapho ukhweza inzwa ye-oxygen. 

Ukuhambisana nemibandela ethile kuzovumela i-lambda probe ukuthi ihlale isesimweni esihle isikhathi eside.

• Faka uphethiloli ngekhwalithi.
• Gwema izithasiselo zikaphethiloli ezingabazekayo.
• Lawula izinga lokushisa lesistimu yokukhipha umoya, ungakuvumeli ukuba kudlulele
• Gwema ukuqala okuningi kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ngesikhathi esifushane.
• Ungasebenzisi ama-abrasives noma amakhemikhali ukuhlanza amathiphu enzwa ye-oxygen.