Iyini imoto yekithi kanye nohlu lwamamodeli athandwayo

Emhlabeni wabashayeli bezimoto, izimoto ezihlanganiswe ngesandla bezilokhu zaziswa njalo. Imvamisa amakhophi anjalo akhiqizwa ngabenzi bemishini ngezinhlelo ezinomkhawulo kakhulu. Isibonelo, iBentley Mulliner Bacalar izobe ihlanganiswe ngesandla futhi kuzokhiqizwa kuphela izibonelo eziyi-12 zalesi sikhundla esihle saseBrithani.

Ezemidlalo nama-hypercars esizukulwane esisha, noma lezo esezivele zangena emlandweni, zihlala zibiza imali enhle kakhulu. Ngalesi sizathu, umuntu ocebile kakhulu kuphela ongafaka imoto yezemidlalo egalaji lakhe.

Yize izimoto ezingandile zibiza kakhulu, umshayeli wesimanje angathenga isethi ekhethekile bese ehlanganisa imodeli ebukeka ingehlukile kweyokuqala. Ngemoto enjalo, ungabukisa phambi kwesixuku esikuthandayo noma uzizwe ukuthi kunjani ukuhlala ngemuva kwesondo lobunzima. Lokhu kubuyekezwa kuzogxila ezimotweni zemikhomo.

Isho ukuthini imoto yekithi

Ngamafuphi, imoto yekithi yimoto ehlukaniselwe izingxenye ezithile futhi efakwe emabhokisini. Ngokuthenga ikhithi enjalo, umshayeli kuzofanele aqoqe imoto yakhe yedwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kuzomvumela ukuthi ajwayelane nedivayisi yemoto ngokuningiliziwe, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyithuba lokuthola imodeli eyingqayizivele enochungechunge oluncane noma olunqunyelwe ngokweqile.

Wona kanye umqondo wokuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwezimoto kungenzeka kube ngumthengi wavela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1912, umkhiqizi waseMelika uLad's Car wanikeza abathengi bayo imoto ehlukanisiwe. Umehluko phakathi kwe-analogue esivele ihlanganisiwe yayingu- $ 20, okuyinto ngokwesimanje efinyelela ku- $ 500.

Le moto nayo ivele yangaba yivelakancane, ngoba imodeli enenjini engu-3-horsepower ayithengisanga ngendlela obekuhlelwe ngayo ngumenzi wayo. Isizathu salokhu kwaba ukuvela kokuthuthuka okusha komkhiqizo waseMelika iFord. Funda kabanzi ngesinqumo esibe nomthelela ekwakhiweni okuqhubekayo kwezimoto, funda ku- ukubuyekeza okuhlukile.

Ekuqaleni, umqondo wokwakha imoto yekithi ububangelwa ithuba lokuthakazelisa iklayenti ekuthengeni imoto eshibhile, yokonga emhlanganweni wayo. Umthengi wathola umdwebo oningiliziwe, lapho angahlanganisa khona ngokuzimela zonke izakhi. Kodwa lapho i-conveyor ivela, kwakungekho phuzu ekunciphiseni izindleko zokuhamba ngale ndlela. Lo mbono wawukhohliwe kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwengxenye yesibili yekhulu le-XNUMX.

Ngaleso sikhathi, abashayeli bezimoto babekwazi ukuthenga imoto entsha ngaphandle kokuyilinda ukuthi iqede ngokuphelele izinsiza zayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yomjaho wabenzi bezimoto, amamodeli athakazelisa kakhulu avele emakethe, okuphoqa abathengi ukuthi bashintshele ezimotweni ezintsha futhi banikele ngezabo ezindala ezindaweni zokulahla udoti.

Izinkampani ezithintekayo ekulahlweni kwezimoto ezindala bezihlunga izimoto ebezisalungele ukusebenza. Ezinye izingxenye bezithunyelwe ukuthi zisetshenziswe kabusha, kepha ezinye zingalungiswa. Izingcweti zabuyisa wonke amayunithi, zahlukanisa umzimba zaba izingxenye zawo, zakha amasethi ahlukene, athengiswa ezitolo ezihambisanayo.

Umthengi ongakwazi ukuthenga imoto entsha angathenga imoto enjalo bese eyihlanganisa ngokwemidwebo enamathiselwe. Izimoto zamaKiti zazithandwa kakhulu eNgilandi. Ngawo-1970, kwakukhona intela ephezulu ezimotweni kulelo zwe, kodwa izimoto ezigcwele, kodwa ezihlukanisiwe zazikhokhiswa intela ngokuya ngegridi ehlukile - njengezingxenye zezimoto. Lokhu kwenza amamodeli ayingqayizivele atholakale kalula kubathengi abahola maphakathi.

Ngaphandle kwezinkampani ezithwala impahla, abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto abakhulu basebenzise uhlelo olufanayo ukuheha amakhasimende amaningi. Omunye walaba "abakhi" anga-odwa ngeposi. Ibhokisi ngalinye ngalinye lingafaka umzimba ohlukanisiwe, izingxenye zenjini, isisu, ukudluliswa, njll. Ngenxa yokuhlangana ngokucophelela, iklayenti lathola, ngokwesibonelo, iLotus Elan.

Ngokuyinhloko, amakhithi anjalo aqukethe izingxenye eziyinhloko zemodeli yesabelomali uqobo, isibonelo, iVolkswagen Beetle. Ngakho-ke, iklayenti lithole imoto yokuvelela ngentengo eshibhile, kodwa ngaphandle ingakhangi. Yiqiniso, izimoto ezinjalo azizange zihluke ngokuguquguquka okuthile, kepha zihlala zibukeka zihlaba umxhwele.

Ezinye izinkampani zezimoto zinqume ukusebenzisa izimoto zamatikiti, ngoba bambalwa abakwazi ukuthenga i-supercar ebizayo, kepha amakhasimende amaningi angathenga isixazululo sokuyekethisa ngamayunithi angasebenzi kahle. Kwakudume kakhulu ukufana kwemoto yezemidlalo ye-AC Cobra noma iLotus Elan efanayo.

Intuthuko emkhakheni wokwakha abaklami bezimoto yenziwe nguColin Chapman, iqhawe lesikhathi esi-7 senkomishi yabakhi be-F-1 (1963-78). Ubhale incwadi yokuthi ungayakha kanjani imoto yakho yezemidlalo eyakhiwe ngesandla ngamakhulu ambalwa nje wamadola. Uphakamise uhlelo ngesisekelo lapho kusakhiwa amafreyimu ezindawo azo zonke izimoto zamathuluzi.

Inkampani eyenza imikhomo ithola ilayisense yokwenza amafreyimu ezimoto. Kwakha isakhiwo esigoqekayo lapho izingxenye zomnikeli zifakwe khona. Kulokhu, kuvame ukuthathwa imoto yesabelomali enemininingwane evelele yezobuchwepheshe, kepha uma umshayeli wemoto engafuni nje kuphela ezangaphandle, kodwa futhi nokufana kwezobuchwepheshe nokwangempela, angasebenzisa ngokukhululekile amayunithi akhiqiza kakhulu. Into esemqoka emotweni yekithi akuyona ukusebenza, kepha kufana kwangaphandle nokwangempela.

Namuhla omunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu bamafreyimu wamakhithi emoto yikhithi iCaterham. Ekuqaleni, imoto ibukeka njengenqola yasolwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amafemu akhiqiza lezo zimoto akha umzimba kusuka ku-fiberglass ofana nesimo semoto ethile. Ezinye izingxenye: injini, i-chassis, ukudluliswa, ukumiswa - konke kuthathwe kumnikeli, ubukhulu bawo obulungele ukwakheka okuthile.

Isethi igcwele ngamaqoqo emabhokisini. Ukuhlanganisa imoto enjalo, ekuqaleni kwakuthatha cishe amahora angama-20. Namuhla, le mishini seyithembeke ngokwengeziwe ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezinto ezingeziwe, ezingathatha cishe izinyanga ezintathu ukuhlanganisa imodeli (le inketho elula kunazo zonke). Imiyalo eza nezingxenye zokungcebeleka yenzelwe ukuthi noma ngubani onolwazi ngisho oluncane ngomakhenikha akwazi ukukuqonda.

 Kodwa-ke, imoto yekithi inezici zayo ezivimba amakhasimende amaningi ekuthengeni imishini enjalo. Olunye lwalezi zingibe ukuthi umfanekiso ofanayo ungafana nje nemodeli yoqobo. Isizathu salokhu ngasohlangothini olusemthethweni lodaba. Lapho i-automaker idala imodeli ethile, ithola i-copyright yayo. Ngokwemithetho, inkampani ingafuna isinxephezelo esibi kakhulu ngisho nalapho ikopisha umklamo. Lokhu kukhuthaza abadali bamamodeli awelekayo ukuthi baphendukele kuzinguquko ezincane zokwakha. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu akuhlangabezani nokulindelwe ngumthengi.

Lapho uthenga isethi emabhokisini, kufanele ulungele ukuthi imoto ingafana kuphela ne-original oyifunayo. Isibonelo salokhu yilobu "buciko" obuvela enkampanini yaseBrithani iPanache.

Le khophi idalwe njengefana nemoto edumile yase-Italy iLamborghini Countach. Umklami onjalo waye-odolwe ngumlingisi ongaphezu koyedwa waseRussia ukuthi acwilise egalaji. Emigwaqweni yezwe ungathola eziningana zalezi zinhlobo.

Umklami ofanayo anga-oda kunoma yiliphi izwe langemva kweSoviet. I-Ukraine inezimoto ezincane ezimbalwa ezenzelwe wena. Kufanele kuvunyelwe ukuthi le nsizakalo ayikakatholi amandla ezweni, ngakho-ke inani lamamodeli anganikezwa amakhasimende abo alinganiselwe.

Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzinake ngaphambi kokuthenga izimoto ezifanayo ku-CIS:

• Izinkampani eziningi zakwamanye amazwe azinayo inqwaba yamakhithi aselungiselelwe, ngakho-ke iklayenti kuzodingeka lilinde kuze isicelo saneliswe. Lokhu kungathatha cishe izinyanga eziyi-6 ngemuva kokuthi inkokhelo yokuqala ikhokhwe.
• Umenzi unikeza isiqinisekiso kuphela sendalo yakhe, okungukuthi, umzimba, ifreyimu nezinye izakhi zokuphatha. Konke okuthathwe kumnikeli (umshini osebenza njengesisekelo sesifanekiselo) akuqinisekisiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, kunethuba lokuthenga into enhle, kepha ngokwezobuchwepheshe engakulungele ukuthuthwa kokuhamba, yize lokhu kungavamile ukwenzeka, ngoba izinkampani nazo zisebenza ngegama lazo.
• Yize kulula ukubhalisa imoto yekithi e-UK, ku-CIS kungathatha isikhathi esiningi nemali.
• Ukuphepha kwemoto yekithi kungacatshangelwa kuphela. Isizathu salokhu ukungabi khona kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuphahlazeka evela kumkhiqizi. Ukwakha "umkhomo", umenzi akabeki imali yokuhlolwa okubiza kangako. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuthuthwa okunjalo kungahle kungahlangabezani namazinga aphansi ahlangabezana ngisho nomnikeli ofanayo.
• Uma imoto yekithi ingena engozini, kuzofanele usebenzise imali enesizotha ukuyilungisa. Ngokuvamile, udinga uku-oda umzimba omusha. Isizathu ukuthi into esemqoka lapho yenziwa khona yi-fiberglass noma i-carbon fiber.
• Ukuthengisa imoto enjalo emakethe yesibili cishe akunangqondo, ngoba le ntuthuko inabalandeli abambalwa.

Ingakanani imoto yekithi

Uma kulesi sigaba othile abecabanga ukuthi leli bekuyithuba elihle lokuthenga imoto eshibhile enokubukeka okupholile, akunjalo. Eqinisweni, imoto yekithi ibiza imali ehloniphekile kumshayeli obuka umagazini wemoto wesabelomali. Izindleko zekhithi eshibhile zingaqala kusuka kuma-dollar ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20.

Futhi, kule ntengo udinga ukwengeza izindleko zamaphepha kumasiko, ukubhalisa esikhungweni senkonzo soMnyango Wezangaphakathi kanye nentengo yezinsizakalo zeposi. Konke lokhu kungahlanza isikhwama somthengi sifike ku-zero.

I-China ihlinzeka ngezimoto zayo zamakhithi ngentengo yokuzitika kakhulu, kepha namanje azibizi ngaphansi kweCitroen Berlingo esetshenzisiwe enama-airbags, umzimba oqinile kanye nebhampa yangempela.

Kodwa-ke, uma uqhathanisa ukwakhiwa kwemodeli yokusebenza eqoqekayo, yithi, uShelby Cobra ofanayo noma uFerrari 250, nakanjani kuzobiza imali encane kunokuthenga imoto endalini.

Uma ngaphambili imoto yekithi inikeze ithuba lokuthenga imoto engabizi, namuhla kuyintokozo ebizayo. Ngaphezu kwezindleko ezishiwo ekuqaleni, umnikazi wekhophi elinjalo kuzodingeka abele isikhathi sokuhlanganisa imodeli. Vele, ngemuva kokuthenga okumba eqolo kangako, ufuna ukuqala ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka uhehe abasizi. Okungakuhle, kungakuhle ukusebenzisa usizo lomngane onomdlandla, kepha ngosizo lwakhe umsebenzi uzodonsa izinyanga ezimbalwa.

Uma inkosi iya emsebenzini nsuku zonke, khona-ke umhlangano ungathatha unyaka wonke noma ngaphezulu. Ukuhlanganisa imoto ngesikhathi esifushane, kuzofanele ubandakanye abasizi abayiqondayo imishini, futhi nakho lokhu kungukuchitha. Ngenxa yalokho, izindleko ze "whale" efanelekayo zizobiza cishe ama-dollar ayizigidi ezingama-60-100, nakumamodeli akhiqizayo kakhudlwana - ngisho nangaphezulu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-200.

Intengo yomkhiqizo ayithonywa kuphela yikhwalithi nobuhle bomzimba, kodwa futhi nezinyunithi ezizofakwa emotweni. Izinkampani zinganikela ngenketho yamandla aphansi eshibhile, noma zingakwazi ukuhlomisa imodeli ngezinto zokuqala. Kulokhu, imoto izotholakala ukuthi iyaqoqeka ngempela, futhi kuyodabukisa ukuyisebenzisela uhambo olujwayelekile. Ngalolo hlobo lwemali, ungathenga imoto enhle kakhulu ene-salon kanye newaranti yomkhiqizi ogcwele.

Vele, lena kuzoba yimoto ejwayelekile yokukhiqiza, ngakho-ke konke kuya ngokuthi ikhasimende lifuna ukufezekisa ini. Uma umbuzo uthi ukuthenga imoto ekhethekile engathengwa endalini kuphela, bese kuba yizigidi zamadola, khona-ke ukuthenga imoto yekiti kuyalulekwa. Kuzokusiza impela ukuthi ugcine okuningi.

Uma kubhekwa inketho yokuthenga imoto enhle futhi esebenzayo, kungcono ukusebenzisa izindlela zokukhetha imodeli enikezwe emakethe yezokuthutha. Le nketho inengqondo kuphela ngokwakha iqoqo lakho kusuka kumakhophi ezimoto ezikhethekile.

Futhi, intengo yemikhiqizo izoncika kunhloso yokuthengwa kwemoto ehlukanisiwe. Lapho umshayeli anquma ukumane ahlanganise imoto eyedwa, esezame isandla sakhe enkundleni ye-automaker, khona-ke ungathenga ikhithi eshibhile.

Abanye abathandi bezimoto bakhetha ukuthenga amakhithi abizayo ukuze benze imoto yokuncintisana yokuncintisana. Kunabantu abayizimfundamakhwela abakulungele ukukhokha imali enesizotha ukuze babe nomfanekiso wemoto ehlukile egalaji labo, okwakuyimali yokuqala yabantu abambalwa kuphela abacebile abangakwazi ukuyithenga. Kulezi zimo, iphakethe lizobiza.

Amamodeli aphezulu

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuthenga imoto yekithi. Uma udlula inqubo yokuthola imodeli efanelekile nomthengisi, imoto ingatholakala ngokulandelayo:

1. Ufuna ukwakheka kwemoto yesikhathi esizayo. Ungazenzela ngokwakho, kepha kulokhu udinga ukuba nolwazi oluhloniphekile ngokwakhiwa kwemoto nokwakhiwa kwemidwebo. Ngokuya ngemodeli, ifreyimu yenziwa kuqala - isakhiwo esisekelayo lapho ingxenye ngayinye yezokuthutha izolungiswa khona. Le yinqubo enzima kakhulu futhi edla isikhathi. Umakhenikha we-amateur kuleli cala angonga inani elifanele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele abe nesikhathi esiningi esikhululekile negalaji elibanzi.
2. Inkampani efanelekayo ifunwa, esebenza ekwakhiweni kwamakhithi. Kudingidwa ukwakheka kanye neminye imingcele yezobuchwepheshe. Kulokhu, ikhithi izobiza kakhulu, kepha umthandi wemoto ngeke achithe isikhathi sakhe isakhiwo. Imvamisa umthengi ukhetha ngokuzimela injini nokudluliswa kunoma yimuphi umnikeli. Ngasikhathi sinye, kufanele adlulisele ubukhulu bamayunithi kumphakeli ukuze kwakheke ifreyimu efanelekile kubo.

Nalu uhlu oluncane lwamamodeli ezimoto afanelekile alungele ukwakha imoto yekithi.

I-Volkswagen Beetle

Ungasebenzisa i-bug endala njengomnikeli. Le modeli iguquka kalula ibe ngamabhishi asebhishi noma ama-roadsters amahle nokuhlukahluka kwezemidlalo kwePorsche. Lapho ukhetha imodeli enjalo, kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi izinjini zohlobo lwe "boxer" zazisetshenziswa ekuqaleni kuyo. Ukuze imoto eqediwe isebenze kahle, kungaba ngcono ukuthenga injini yesimanje.

Amandla amayunithi nokudluliswa okuvela eSubaru kuyifanele kahle imodeli enjalo. Ngokuqondene nokuthengwa komnikeli, lokhu kungaba yinkinga ku-CIS, ngoba imoto iyivelakancane, futhi kungenzeka ingabizi kangako. EYurophu, ikhophi elinjalo lingatholakala ngezindleko zama-euro angama-700. Ukuze wakhe "umkhomo", ungama emotweni ebulewe. Izoguqulwa noma kunjalo.

Isibonelo senguqulo eyenziwe ngomumo esuselwe kulo modeli yimoto yekhethelo iSterling Nova. Uma usebenzisa amayunithi avela ku- "beetle", khona-ke ikhithi ingabiza cishe ama-dollar ayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha. Kancane kancane kunezinkulungwane ezingama-6 zama-USD izobiza isethi enezimoto ezivela kwaMazda (rotary) noma eziyisithupha ezimise okwe-V ezisuka kwaFord.

I-Mazda Miata (MX-5)

Ekuqaleni, le moto yaseJapan yenziwa ngokomsebenzi ofana nezimoto zemidlalo zesiNgisi. Le moto yenza ama-roadsters amahle aqoqekayo. Imodeli ngokwayo inezici ezinhle zobuchwepheshe. Uma kunesifiso sokwenza ezokuthutha ezihambisana ngokuvumelana nezwe lesimanje lezimoto, ingxenye yezobuchwepheshe ingavuselelwa kancane.

Ungafaka egumbini lenjini yemoto:

• I-ICE nebhokisi legiya kusuka ku-GM (konke ukulungiswa okuvela ochungechungeni lwe-LX);
• I-Powertrain nokudluliswa okuvela eMazda (ukuguqulwa kwe-rotary), isibonelo, imodeli RX-8;
• Injini yeFord V-8 Windsor (302), ilinganiswe nokuhanjiswa kweBorg-Warner T56.

Nansi iFerrari 250 GTO enhle enziwa ngesisekelo se-MX-5

Lezi yizimoto zetikiti ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalandeli bezithombe ezidumile ezenziwe ngesandla.

ILotus 7

Le moto edume inomklamo oyingqayizivele. Ukucaca kwayo ukuthi ungakhetha noma iyiphi imoto futhi cishe noma yimaphi amayunithi njengomnikeli. Njengoba umzimba nohlaka lwezokuthutha lukhanya impela, ngisho neyunithi yamandla amahhashi ayi-100 izokwenza imoto yezemidlalo enamandla ifane nomfanekiso.

Ezinye izinkampani, njengeBirkin, zingathengisa izingcezu ezihlanganisiwe noma ama-kits ebhokisi. Le nkampani eshiwo ikhiqiza cishe amakhophi abukwayo ayisikhombisa adumile (ama-3-series). Izinketho ezishibhile zenziwa kuphela njengesibonelo esifana nemoto yezemidlalo edumile.

Ngokuya ngesethi ekhethiwe enohlaka lwendawo, umthengi kuzofanele akhokhe cishe ama-USD ayizinkulungwane ezingama-21 ngalesi sibonelo. Lokhu akubandakanyi ukuvunyelwa kwamasiko, ukubhaliswa kanye nezindleko zabaxhasi.

UShelby Cobra

Imodeli uqobo lwayo ekuqaleni iyinhlobonhlobo yemoto yekithi. Umklami odumile nomakhenikha bafake injini yomlilo yangaphakathi yaseMelika ohlakeni oluvela emotweni yesiNgisi. Njengemodeli yangaphambilini, lesi sifanekiselo sinikela ngezihlanganisi ezahlukahlukene zabanikeli.

Umenzi angenza amaphaneli womzimba kusuka ku-fiberglass noma amapuleti e-aluminium. Lokhu kuzothinta izindleko zekhithi. Uma isizukulwane sesithathu noma sesine iFord Mustang isetshenziselwa ukuguqulwa ibe yimoto edume ngokuqoqwa, khona-ke ikhithi yemoto eyikhithi izobiza cishe ama- $ 13 - eshibhile impela kule moto yomlando ethandekayo.

I-Ford GT40

Enye inganekwane ye-motorsport isiyatholakala kulabo abafisa ukuzwa umoya wempi phakathi kweFord neFerrari ngenxa yokwenziwa kwamakhithi emoto. Isisekelo semoto enjalo senziwa ngesimo se-monocoque. Okuqukethwe kungaba yi-carbon fiber noma i-aluminium. Konke kuncike emandleni ekhasimende.

Futhi, ifreyimu ingenziwa ngensimbi, njengasekuqaleni. Umzimba uvame ukwenziwa nge-fiberglass. Ngokuyinhloko, iyunithi yamandla nokudluliswa kwemoto enjalo kuthathwe kunoma iyiphi i- "Mustang" yanamuhla. Ukufeza umphumela wemoto yezemidlalo, kungcono-ke ukusebenzisa imoto enamandla ezokhipha amandla afunekayo. Ukuguqulwa kunoma iyiphi imoto yanamuhla kungasetshenziswa njengokumiswa.

Omunye umenzi wekhithi wase-UK unikela ngaleli replica cishe ngama- $ 51.

Ngakho-ke, imoto yekithi iyinjabulo ebizayo, kepha le nsizakalo ivumela abashayeli abacebile kancane ukuthi bathole imoto yokuvuna eqoqekayo futhi bazizwe njengabahlanganyeli emijahweni yomlando. Into esemqoka lapha ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukuthi imincintiswano yezemidlalo kufanele ibanjelwe kumathrekhi wesekethe avaliwe.

Nayi ividiyo eyodwa yokuthi ungakha kanjani i-Shortcut buggy:

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