Isho ukuthini inombolo yesisekelo samafutha emoto?
Okuqukethwe
Incazelo yekhemikhali yenombolo yesisekelo
Inombolo eyisisekelo yamafutha enjini (efushanisiwe njenge-TBN ngemibhalo yesiNgisi) iyinani elibonisa inani le-potassium hydroxide kugremu eyodwa yamafutha enjini. Iyunithi yokulinganisa ngu-mgKOH/g.
Njengoba wazi, i-alkali iwuhlobo oluphambene nama-asidi. Ama-asidi amaningi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izakhi zamakhemikhali eziwakhayo, awathathi hlangothi lapho ehlangana nama-alkali. Okusho ukuthi, balahlekelwa amandla abo okunikela nge-hydrogen cation futhi baguqulwa babe izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezingasebenzi kancane.
I-Potassium hydroxide inesinye sezakhiwo eziqine kakhulu zokuqeda i-asidi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isisombululo se-KOH sinezakhiwo ezinamandla zokuhlukanisa, ukuchithwa nokugeza. Le nhlanganisela, ngokwesibonelo, isetshenziswa kabanzi lapho kwakhiwa izingoma zokuhlanza izimboni. Ngakho-ke, kumafutha emoto, lapho kubalwa inombolo yesisekelo, i-potassium hydroxide ethathwa njengengxenye yesisekelo.
Inani elingokoqobo
Amafutha enjini asebenza ezimeni ezinzima. Ukucindezela, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, uphethiloli ongena emasongweni, amagesi ashisayo kanye nensiza - konke lokhu kuholela ekuguqulweni kwamakhemikhali okungenakugwemeka kokubili kwesisekelo kanye nezingxenye ezingeziwe zamafutha.
Ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa eliphezulu futhi phambi komoya-mpilo, uwoyela injini is oxidized. Nakuba ukwakheka kwesisekelo, ikakhulukazi amafutha e-synthetic motor, kunokuzinza kwamakhemikhali aphezulu, ama-oxide akhiwe ngokungenakugwenywa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Yini engalungile ngama-oxides? Ikakhulukazi, i-oxidation kawoyela wenjini wukukhathala kwayo. Phela, inqubo yomlilo ngokwayo, kusukela ekubukeni kwamakhemikhali, ukusabela kwe-oxidation ngokukhululwa kokushisa. Futhi imikhiqizo yokusabela okunjalo, okungukuthi, ama-oxides, ikakhulukazi, i-ballast engenamsebenzi yamakhemikhali angathathi hlangothi noma angasebenzi.
Ukuze uthole incazelo emfushane yengqikithi yala ma-oxide amaningi, kukhona ngisho negama elikhethekile - udaka. Imikhiqizo yokubola okushisayo kwamafutha, okungukuthi, i-sludge, ihlala endaweni engaphezulu yenjini, okuholela ekungcolisweni kwayo. Injini engcolile ingabangela ukushisa ngokweqile. Futhi, izinhlayiya ze-sludge zivame ukuqukatha ama-superhard oxides asebenza njengama-abrasives.
Amanye ama-oxide asebenza ngamakhemikhali. Ezinye zazo ziyakwazi ukuqalisa izinqubo zokugqwala noma ukucekela phansi izingxenye zenjini ezingezona ezensimbi (ikakhulukazi izigxivizo zenjoloba).
I-Potassium hydroxide isebenza ngezindlela ezimbili:
- ukungathathi hlangothi okuyingxenye kwama-acids avelayo;
- ukuhlukana kube yizingxenyana ezincane kakhulu zamakhompiyutha we-sludge nokuvimbela ukwakheka kwazo.
Lapho injini isebenza, inombolo yesisekelo samafutha enjini iyancipha, okuyinto inqubo evamile.
Isilinganiso senombolo yesisekelo samafutha enjini
Inombolo yesisekelo cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi ikhonjiswa ebhodweni likawoyela ngemuva kwelebula. Njengamanje, lesi sibalo siyahlukahluka kusuka ku-5 (kumafutha alula futhi ashibhile) kuya ku-14 mgKOH / g.
Ezinye izinto ziyalingana, kwakheka ama-oxide amaningi ezinjinini zikadizili. Okokuqala, lokhu kungenxa yokwakheka kukaphethiloli. Okuqukethwe kwesibabule kuphethiloli wedizili kuphezulu kakhulu kunakuphethiloli. Futhi isulfure ijwayele ukwenza ama-oxide ahlukahlukene lapho evezwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Okwesibili, izimo zokusebenza ze-diesel zinzima kakhulu. Ukucindezela okuphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme ekamelweni elivuthayo. Ngenxa yalokho, inqubo yokushiswa kwamafutha isebenza kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, kuwoyela we-diesel kuphela, inombolo eyisisekelo ye-9 mgKOH / g nangaphezulu ibhekwa njengejwayelekile. Ezinjini zikaphethiloli, izidingo zibukelwa phansi. Izinjini ezingaphoqelekile ezisebenza kuphethiloli, 7-8 mgKOH / g zizokwanela.
Nokho, kukhona amafutha lapho inombolo yesisekelo iphansi. Lokhu akusho ukuthi amafutha mabi, futhi kungcono ukugwema ukuwasebenzisa. Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi izindawo zokugeza zamafutha anjalo zizoba phansi. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi eduze nokushintshwa (lapho inani eliphansi le-alkali ekuqaleni liyancipha), inqubo yokwakheka kwe-sludge izosheshisa. Ngakho-ke, amafutha anenombolo yesisekelo esiphansi anconywa ukuba ashintshwe kaningi.
Uhlangothi oluphambene lwendondo yiqiniso lokuthi ngokuqiniswa kwephakheji yokwengeza, inombolo yesisekelo nayo iyancipha. Okusho ukuthi, ngombono, ikakhulukazi kumafutha angabizi, inombolo yesisekelo esifanayo ephezulu ingase ibonise ukwakheka okuphelile kwezinye izithasiselo ezibalulekile.
