Yikuphi okungcono - izinzwa zokupaka noma ikhamera yokubuka ngemuva ngokusho kwabanikazi bezimoto?
Okuqukethwe
Камера появилась намного позже стандартного парктроника, но используется не менее часто. Принцип работы прост: камера прикрепляется к задней части авто, а видеосигнал выводится на дисплей в салоне. Иными словами – это глаза водителя, которые показывают то, что он не способен видеть, находясь за рулем.
Izinhlelo ezisiza inqubo yokupaka futhi zinciphise ingozi yokulimaza eyakho nemoto yabanye sezivele kudala. Sebephenduke isengezo esivamile emininingwaneni yemoto. Yingakho kunzima kakhulu ukwenza ukukhetha nokunquma ukuthi yikuphi okungcono: ikhamera yokubuka ngemuva noma izinzwa zokupaka.
Iyini i-parktronic
Ngamagama alula, izinzwa zokupaka ziyi-radar yokupaka, noma i-acoustic parking system (APS). Ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, isethi yezinzwa ezithumelayo ezithumela futhi zamukele ama-pulses abonisiwe. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, kufinyelelwa esiphethweni mayelana nokuba khona kwesithiyo kanye nebanga laso. Inciphisa ubungozi bokushayisana nanoma iyiphi into futhi yazise umshayeli.
Iyini i-parktronic
Izinhlelo ezinjalo azihlukaniswanga kuphela ngenani lezinzwa, ngendlela yokufaka (i-mortise ne-overhead) kanye nohlobo lwesaziso (isignali yomsindo noma ulwazi lwevidiyo), kodwa futhi nge-algorithm yokusebenza.
Izinketho ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- Uhlelo lwe-ultrasonic luyakwazi ukubona izithiyo ezilodwa kuye ngokuthi imvamisa yezinzwa ezifakiwe, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yesignali eboniswa njalo, ilinganisa ibanga endaweni emile.
- Izinzwa zokupaka zikagesi - ezikwazi ukubona izithiyo ezizodwa, njenge-pole noma i-chain-link mesh. Enye inzuzo yibanga lokulinganisa (ibanga elincane) elifika ku-5 cm, elingenakutholwa yizinhlelo ze-ultrasonic pulsed.
Izinzuzo zezinzwa zokupaka
Izinzuzo zezinzwa zokupaka zifaka:
- Ukusebenziseka kalula - uhlelo lwezaziso lusekelwe kuzimpawu zomsindo, umshayeli onolwazi oluncane lokushayela uzokwazi ukupaka kalula, ethembele kubo.
- Izidingo zobuchwepheshe obuncane - ezitholakalayo ukuze zifakwe kunoma iyiphi i-make kanye nemodeli, ngaphandle kokugcwaliswa kwemoto nge-elekthronikhi.
Naphezu kohlu oluncane lwezinzuzo, benza umsebenzi wabo kahle, okwenza kube nzima ukukhetha nokunquma ukuthi yikuphi okungcono, izinzwa zokupaka noma ikhamera engemuva yemoto.
I-radar Ububi
Ububi bamasistimu buhlanganisa:
- Ingozi yokungasebenzi kahle - noma yiluphi uhlobo lwenzwa lusekelwe ekutholeni isignali, futhi uma izimo ezimbi zenzeka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iqhwa, iqhwa noma ungqimba lothuli, ulwazi olutholiwe lungase lube nephutha.
- Ukusabela okulinganiselwe - izintambo ze-taut, okokufakwayo, kanye nezinto ezincane ezifika kumitha ukuphakama ngeke zibonakale. Uma kukhona into ekwazi ukumunca isignali, uhlelo ngeke lunikeze ulwazi oluthembekile mayelana nokuba khona kwezinto.
- Ukulimala komzimba - izinhlelo ze-ultrasonic ngesikhathi sokufakwa zidinga ukuba khona kwezimbobo kubhampa wemoto, kodwa ukufakwa kwezinzwa zokupaka ezijwayelekile nokudweba izinzwa ukuze zihambisane nombala womzimba kukuvumela ukuthi ulinganise lokhu kukhishwa kwesistimu.
- Ukufakwa okunamandla okusebenza - ukufaka izintambo ngaphakathi kwe-cabin kungaba yinkinga, kodwa kunezinhlelo ezingenazintambo eziqeda le nqubo.
- Uhlelo lokuxwayisa lwangaphambili - nikeza umbono ojwayelekile wokuba khona kwento, ngaphandle kokunikeza ulwazi mayelana nosayizi wayo, umthombo wemvelaphi (isibonelo, ingaba into ehambayo ngesimo sesilwane esifuywayo noma isikhwama sepulasitiki esingenalutho esindizayo esidlule. ).
Ukufakwa kwezinzwa zokupaka
Naphezu kwakho konke okubi, ama-radar okupaka asetshenziswa kakhulu futhi awekho ngaphansi kwezinhlelo zokupaka zesimanje.
Ikhamera yokubuka ngemuva
Ikhamera ivele kamuva kakhulu kunezinzwa zokupaka ezijwayelekile, kodwa isetshenziswa kaningi. Isimiso sokusebenza silula: ikhamera inamathele ngemuva kwemoto, futhi isignali yevidiyo iboniswa esibukweni ku-cabin. Ngamanye amazwi, lawa amehlo omshayeli, abonisa lokho angakwazi ukukubona ngesikhathi eshayela.
Ngokungafani nezinzwa zokupaka zakudala, lezi zinhlelo azihlukani nezimiso zokusebenza. Izici ziyizicaciso zobuchwepheshe kuphela:
- ukulungiswa kwekhamera kanye ne-angle yokubuka;
- uhlobo lwe-matrix (CCD noma i-CMOS);
- osayizi besikrini nemibala.
Ikhamera ingahlinzekwa ngokucushwa okuhlukene (ikhamera yevidiyo kuphela noma iphakheji eliphelele elinemonitha kanye nekhithi yokukhweza).
Izinzuzo zekhamera yokubuka ngemuva
Ikhamera yokubuka ngemuva inezinzuzo ezingangabazeki:
- Ivolumu nekhwalithi yedatha - lonke ulwazi mayelana nesimo ngemuva kwemoto kuboniswa esikrinini ku-intanethi.
- Izinketho ezengeziwe - ngaphezu kwesithombe, uhlelo lubonisa ulwazi lwebanga, isibonelo, ibanga lento kanye nomugqa wokumaka lapho ukuqondisa kufanele kwenziwe khona, kusiza ukulinganisa ubukhulu bemoto endaweni ethile.
Ibukeka kanjani ikhamera engemuva?
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi isethi yezinzuzo izoncika kumishini ekhethwe kahle. Isibonelo, i-angle enkulu yokubuka inciphisa umugqa wezindawo eziyizimpumputhe ezinhlangothini zemoto, kodwa indawo enkulu yokubuka iba yinto engaziwa ngosayizi wesikrini esilinganiselwe, ngokulandelana, inzuzo iba yingozi. Ukulungiswa okuphezulu kanye ne-CCD-matrix, uma kufakwe esibukweni esincane esibukwa ngemuva, kuzolahlekelwa ukusebenza kwazo.
Ukungalungi kwekhamera
Ububi obuyinhloko isilinganiso senani lekhwalithi. Ikhwalithi ephezulu kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe zemishini, uhlelo lubiza kakhulu. Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela ukuthi kudingekile yini ukutshala imali kukhamera ene-CCD-matrix ebiza kakhulu, ekwazi ukukhiqiza ikhwalithi yesithombe esihle ezingeni elincane lokukhanya, uma ungashayeli ezimweni ezinjalo.
Ububi besibili obungenakuphikwa buwukuthi isimo sokusebenzisa ikhamera yokubuka ngemuva. Ngenxa yokuthi itholakala ngaphandle kwemoto, kunesidingo esiqhubekayo sokugcina i-lens ihlanzekile. Uma kungenjalo, isithombe esihle esikrinini ngesikhathi esifanele ngeke sitholakale.
Yini ongayikhetha
Njengamanje, izimoto eziningi ezithengiswayo sezivele zinesistimu yokupaka eyodwa noma enye. Lapho imoto ingenayo imishini enjalo ejwayelekile, ukukhetha kufanele kuvele kulwazi lomshayeli. Uma ingekho, khona-ke ikhamera yokubuka ngemuva, ehlinzeka ngolwazi olwengeziwe, ithola inzuzo lapha. Kodwa noma kunjalo, kufanele uzikhethele ukuthi yikuphi okungcono, ikhamera yokubuka ngemuva noma izinzwa zokupaka.
Izinzuzo Ukuqhathanisa
Zonke izinzuzo zisekelwe emsebenzini owenziwe - ukuhlinzekwa kwedatha ngezithiyo, izinga lokuqukethwe kolwazi okuncike kwikhwalithi yemishini efakiwe. Uma ufaka noma yiziphi izinhlelo - ulwazi olunembe kakhudlwana ofuna ukuluthola, kudingeka imali eyengeziwe ukuze uyitshale. Uma ufaka izinzwa zokupaka, kuyadingeka ukwandisa inani lezinzwa (kuzonciphisa izindawo eziyimpumputhe), futhi ikhamera enesinqumo esihle izonikeza isithombe esicacile.
Indlela ye-Parktronic
Ukufakwa kwekhamera yokubuka ngemuva akudingi umonakalo emzimbeni, ngokungafani nezinzwa zokupaka ze-ultrasonic. Kwabanye abanikazi bezimoto, lokhu kuyimpikiswano ebalulekile lapho ukhetha futhi unquma ukuthi yikuphi okungcono, ikhamera noma izinzwa zokupaka.
Kodwa-ke, ngobuningi bayo obuphelele, i-radar yokupaka ishibhile kunekhamera yokubuka ngemuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunenzuzo ngaphezu kwekhamera - ikhono lokusebenzisa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku, ngisho nezinzwa zokupaka ezilula ziyakwazi "ukubona" ebumnyameni. Ngekhamera enezakhiwo ezinjalo, kuzodingeka ukhokhe izikhathi eziningi.
Ukufakwa kalula futhi kunikeza inzuzo kuma-radar okupaka, njengoba kungadingi ukufakwa kwesibonisi. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi yini engcono, izinzwa zokupaka noma isibuko esinekhamera yokubuka ngemuva, ngoba akuzona zonke izimoto ezifakwe iyunithi yekhanda ene-monitor. Isixazululo senkinga yisibuko esinesibonisi, kodwa kulokhu isithombe esivela ekhamera yangemuva sizoba sincane futhi ngeke sinikeze umphumela oyifunayo.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwentengo
Uma ungumshayeli onolwazi, khona-ke ubunzima bokupaka buvela kuphela ezindaweni ezingajwayelekile, ezingakhanyi kahle. Ungakwazi ukuxazulula le nkinga ngezinzwa zokupaka ngemali encane - kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-1. Ukuthenga uhlelo ngekhamera yokubuka ngemuva kuzobiza umnikazi wemoto ngentengo yama-ruble angu-4000. Izindleko zamadivayisi we-hybrid ziyahlukahluka kusuka kuma-ruble angama-5000. futhi, njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni, intengo incike ezicini zobuchwepheshe futhi ingafinyelela kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-20 noma ngaphezulu.
Zisebenza kanjani izinzwa zokupaka
Ngakho-ke, uma inkinga yentengo inzima, futhi udinga ukuthenga "umsizi", khona-ke phakathi kwezinzwa zokupaka kanye nekhamera yokubuka ngemuva kungcono ukukhetha ukuthi yini ezophuma eshibhile, kuhlanganise nokucabangela ukufakwa.
Izibuyekezo zomnikazi mayelana nezinzwa zokupaka namakhamera okubuka ngemuva
Embuzweni onzima wokukhetha ukuthi yikuphi okungcono, izinzwa zokupaka noma ikhamera yokubuka yangemuva, ukubuyekezwa kunganikeza izinkomba eziningi futhi kunqume izintandokazi.
Ngenxa yokuthi amakamelo avele ngaphambi kwamakhamera, kunezibuyekezo eziningi kanye nemibuzo okuxoxwe ngayo ezinkundleni kule divayisi. Kukhona labo abangakakulungeli ukushintsha isistimu ye-radar yokupaka abayintandokazi ye-monitor enesithombe sombala futhi bangacabangi ngisho nokuthi yini engcono: ikhamera yokubuka ngemuva noma izinzwa zokupaka.
Uhlelo ngalunye lunabasekeli nabaphikisi, umbono wabo usekelwe ekuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu kokusetshenziswa.
I-drawback eyinhloko, ebizwa ngokuthi abanikazi bezinzwa zokupaka, uhlelo lokuxwayisa umsindo. Uma kukhona izinzwa phambi kwemoto, zingakwazi ukusabela ezithiyoni ezingekho (imvula, iqhwa, inkungu) noma ama-snowdrifts emigwaqweni, kuyilapho isignali yomsindo iqala ukuvuswa.
Ikhamera yokubuka yangemuva ye-Xiaomi
Izinzuzo zabashayeli bezimoto zihlanganisa amanani athengekayo kanye nesistimu yokufaka elula - asikho isidingo sokufaka isibonisi.
Amakhamera angemuva azuze izinhliziyo zabashayeli abangenalwazi, njengoba enza inqubo yokupaka ibe lula. Ngithanda ukusebenza okuzinzile esimweni sezulu esibi, nakuba kunobungozi obuqhubekayo bokungcoliswa kwamalensi.
Ukubuyekezwa kwezinzwa zokupaka ezinekhamera yokubuka ngemuva kanye nemonitha kukhombisa ingxenye enkulu yabanikazi bezimoto abakhombisa ukuzwelana nohlelo oluxubile, belubheka njengenketho engcono kakhulu yokusiza inqubo yokupaka nokuqondisa ezindaweni abangazijwayele.
Ngokusekelwe emibonweni enjalo ehlukahlukene, ngeke kube lula ukunquma ukuthi yikuphi okungcono, izinzwa zokupaka noma ikhamera yokubuka ngemuva, ngokusho kokubuyekezwa.
