Kusho ukuthini uma imoto inohlobo lwe-"wishbone" suspension?
Abaklami bezinhlelo zokumiswa kwezimoto kufanele bacabangele izici eziningi, okuhlanganisa izindleko, isisindo sokumiswa kanye nokubumbana, kanye nezici zokuphatha abafuna ukuzifinyelela. Awukho umklamo olungele yonke le migomo, kodwa izinhlobo ezimbalwa zedizayini eziye zamelana novivinyo lwesikhathi:
- I-double wishbone, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-A-arm
- Macpherson
- iziteshi eziningi
- Ingalo yokushwiba noma ingalo elandelanayo
- I-axis ejikelezayo
- I-axle eqinile (ebuye ibizwe ngokuthi i-axle ephilayo) imiklamo, ngokuvamile enemithombo yamaqabunga.
Yonke le miklamo engenhla iyizinhlelo ezizimele zokulengiswa, okusho ukuthi isondo ngalinye lingakwazi ukuhamba ngaphandle kwamanye, ngaphandle komklamo oqinile we-ekseli.
Ukumiswa okwesibili kwamathambo
Idizayini eyodwa yokumiswa evamile ezimotweni ezisebenza kahle i-double wishbone. Ngokumiswa kwe-double wishbone, isondo ngalinye lixhunywe emotweni ngama- wishbones amabili (owaziwa nangokuthi A-arms). Lezi zingalo zokulawula ezimbili zicishe zibe ngunxantathu ngokwakheka, okunikeza ukumiswa amagama "A-arm" kanye "nokwezifiso okuphindwe kabili" ngenxa yalo mumo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamasondo kunamathiselwe engalweni ngayinye yokulawula kulokho okungaba phezulu ku-A okwakhiwa ingalo ngayinye yokulawula (nakuba izingalo ngokuvamile zicishe zifane nomhlabathi, ngakho lokhu "phezulu" akukhona ngempela phezulu); ingalo yokulawula ngayinye inamathiselwe ohlakeni lwemoto esisekelweni sika-A. Uma isondo liphakanyiswa futhi lehliswa (ngenxa yamaqhubu noma ukugoqa komzimba, isibonelo), ingalo yokulawula ingalo ngayinye iphivothika ezihlahleni ezimbili noma amajoyinti ebhola esisekelweni sawo; kukhona futhi i-bushing noma i-ball joint lapho ingalo ngayinye inamathela ekuhlanganiseni kwesondo.
Isetshenziselwa ini ukumiswa kwe-wishbone?
Ukumiswa okujwayelekile kwe-double wishbone kunezingalo zokulawula ezinobude obuhluke kancane, futhi ngokuvamile ama-engeli azo lapho imoto iphumule nawo ahlukile. Ngokukhetha ngokucophelela isilinganiso phakathi kobude nama-engeli ezingalo ezingenhla neziphansi, onjiniyela bezimoto bangashintsha ukuhamba nokuphathwa kwemoto. Kungenzeka, isibonelo, ukulungisa i-double wishbone suspension ukuze imoto igcine cishe i-camber elungile (ukutshekela ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwesondo) ngisho nalapho isondo lishayelwa phezu kwamaqhubu noma imoto incike ekhoneni. ukujika kanzima; alukho olunye uhlobo olujwayelekile lwe-suspension olungagcina amasondo e-engeli elungile emgwaqeni futhi, ngakho-ke lo mdwebo wokumiswa ujwayelekile ezimotweni ezisebenza kahle kakhulu njengeFerraris nama-sport sedans afana ne-Acura RLX. Idizayini ye-fishbone ephindwe kabili iphinde ibe ukumiswa kokukhetha kwezimoto zomjaho wamasondo avulekile njengalezo ezigijima kuFomula 1 noma e-Indianapolis; kweziningi zalezi zimoto, izinsimbi zokulawula zibonakala ngokucacile njengoba zisuka emzimbeni ziye ekuhlanganiseni kwamasondo.
Ngeshwa, i-double wishbone design ithatha isikhala esiningi kunezinye izinhlobo zokumiswa futhi kunzima ukuzivumelanisa nemoto edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, ngakho-ke ngeke ilingane yonke imoto noma iloli. Ngisho nezimoto ezithile eziklanyelwe ukuphatha kahle isivinini esiphezulu, njengePorsche 911 kanye nama-BMW sedan amaningi, zisebenzisa imiklamo ngaphandle kwama-doublebones, kanti ezinye izimoto zezemidlalo, njenge-Alfa Romeo GTV6, zisebenzisa kuphela ama- wishbones amabili kupheya eyodwa. . amasondo.
Olunye udaba lwamagama okumele luphawulwe ukuthi ezinye izinhlelo zokumiswa, njenge-MacPherson strut suspension, zingalo olulodwa; le ingalo ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa nangokuthi i-fishbone ngakho-ke ukumiswa kungacatshangwa njengesistimu ye-"wishbone", kodwa abantu abaningi abasebenzisa igama elithi "wishbone" babhekisela ekusethweni kwe- wishbone kabili.
