yini emotweni? Kwenzelweni? Ividiyo yesithombe
Njengoba nazi, izimoto zibe negalelo elikhulu ekudaleni ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Imiphumela yalokhu kungcola ibonakala ngeso lenyama - i-smog enobuthi emadolobheni amakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi ukubonakala kuyancipha kakhulu, futhi izakhamuzi ziphoqeleka ukugqoka amabhandeshi e-gauze. Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kungenye into engenakuphikiswa: ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, izinguzunga zeqhwa ezincibilikayo, ukunyuka kwamazinga olwandle.
Makube sekwephuzile, kodwa izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto eziyingozi emoyeni ziyathathwa. Sisanda kubhala ku-Vodi.su mayelana nemishini eyisibopho yesistimu yokukhipha umoya enezihlungi ze-particle kanye neziguquli ze-catalytic. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlelo lokubuyisela kabusha igesi exhaust - EGR.
I-exhaust gas recirculation
Uma isiguquli se-catalytic nesihlungi sezinhlayiya sinesibopho sokunciphisa i-carbon dioxide ne-soot ekukhishweni, khona-ke uhlelo lwe-EGR ludizayinelwe ukunciphisa i-nitrogen oxide. I-nitric oxide (IV) iyigesi enobuthi. Emkhathini, ingasabela ngomhwamuko wamanzi nomoya-mpilo ukuze yakhe i-nitric acid nemvula eneasidi. Inomphumela omubi kakhulu kulwelwesi lwamafinyila lomuntu, futhi isebenza njenge-oxidizing, okungukuthi, ngenxa yalokho, ukugqwala okusheshisa kwenzeka, izindonga zikakhonkolo ziyabhujiswa, njll.
Ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwe-nitrogen oxide, i-valve ye-EGR yathuthukiswa ukuze kushiswe kabusha ukukhishwa okuyingozi. Ngamagama alula, uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha lusebenza kanje:
- amagesi okukhipha amanzi aphuma ku-multifold exhaust aqondiswa emuva ku-multifold intake;
- lapho i-nitrogen ihlangana nomoya womkhathi, izinga lokushisa lengxube ye-fuel-air liyakhuphuka;
- kumasilinda, yonke i-nitrogen dioxide icishe iphele nya, njengoba umoya-mpilo uyisisusa sayo.
Uhlelo lwe-EGR lufakwe kuzo zombili izinjini ezivuthayo zikadizili nezikaphethiloli. Ngokuvamile icushwa kuphela ngesivinini esithile senjini. Ngakho-ke kuma-ICE kaphethiloli, i-valve ye-EGR isebenza kuphela ngesivinini esimaphakathi nesiphezulu. Lapho ingenzi lutho futhi inamandla amakhulu, iyavinjwa. Kodwa ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo zokusebenza, amagesi okukhipha umoya ahlinzeka ngamaphesenti angama-20 we-oxygen edingekayo ukuze kushiswe uphethiloli.
Ezinjinini zikadizili, i-EGR ayisebenzi ngomthwalo omkhulu kuphela. I-exhaust gas recirculation ezinjinini zikadizili kunikeza umoya-mpilo ofinyelela ku-50%. Yingakho bebhekwa njengabangavumelani kakhulu nemvelo. Yiqiniso, inkomba enjalo ingafinyelelwa kuphela esimweni sokuhlanzwa okuphelele kukaphethiloli we-diesel kusuka kupharafini nokungcola.
Izinhlobo ze-EGR
Isici esiyinhloko sesistimu yokubuyisela kabusha i-valve engakwazi ukuvula noma ukuvala kuye ngesivinini. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamavalvu e-EGR asetshenziswayo namuhla:
- i-pneumo-mechanical;
- i-electropneumatic;
- ngogesi.
Ezokuqala zafakwa ezimotweni zama-1990s. Izakhi eziyinhloko ze-valve enjalo kwakuyi-damper, isiphethu kanye ne-hose ye-pneumatic. Ukuvulwa noma ukuvala i-damper kwenziwa ngokunyuka noma ukunciphisa ingcindezi yegesi. Ngakho-ke, ngesivinini esiphansi, ingcindezi iphansi kakhulu, ngesivinini esiphakathi i-damper ivulekile ingxenye, ngokuphezulu ivulekile ngokugcwele, kodwa i-valve ngokwayo ivaliwe ngakho-ke amagesi awabuyiselwa emuva ku-multiple intake.
Amavalvu kagesi nawe-elekthronikhi asebenza ngaphansi kokulawulwa kweyunithi yokulawula kagesi. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi i-valve ye-solenoid ifakwe i-damper efanayo kanye nedrayivu yokuyivula / ukuyivala. Enguqulweni ye-elekthronikhi, i-damper ayikho ngokuphelele, amagesi adlula emigodini emincane yamadayamitha ahlukene, futhi ama-solenoids anesibopho sokuwavula noma ukuwavala.
I-EGR: izinzuzo, ukungalungi, ipulaki ye-valve
Isistimu ngokwayo ayinawo umthelela ekusebenzeni kwenjini. Nakuba, ngokwengqondo, ngenxa yokushiswa okuphindaphindiwe kokukhipha umoya, kungenzeka ukunciphisa kancane ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ezinjini zikaphethiloli - ukonga oda amaphesenti amahlanu. Okunye ukuhlanganisa ukuncishiswa kwenani le-soot ku-exhaust, ngokulandelana, isihlungi se-particle asivali ngokushesha. Ngeke sikhulume ngezinzuzo zemvelo, ngoba lokhu sekuvele kucacile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inani elikhulu lensisi linqwabelana kumavalvu e-EGR. Okokuqala nje, labo banikazi bezimoto abagcwalisa udizili wezinga eliphansi futhi abasebenzisa uwoyela wenjini esezingeni eliphansi bahlushwa yilelishwa. Ukulungisa noma ukuhlanzwa okuphelele kwe-valve kusengakhokhelwa, kodwa ukuyishintsha kuyincithakalo yangempela.
Ngakho-ke, kwenziwa isinqumo sokuxhuma i-valve. Ingaphazanyiswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene: ukufaka ipulaki, ukuvala amandla e-valve "chip", ukuvimbela isixhumi nge-resistor, njll Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwanda kokusebenza kahle kwenjini kuyaphawulwa. Kodwa kukhona nezinkinga. Okokuqala, udinga ukukhanyisa i-ECU. Okwesibili, ukushintshashintsha okuphawulekayo kwezimo zokushisa kungaphawulwa enjinini, okuholela kokubili ekushiseni kwama-valve, ama-gaskets, izembozo zekhanda, nokwakhiwa kwe-black plaque emakhandlelani kanye nokuqoqwa kwe-soot kumasilinda ngokwawo.
Iyalayisha...
