Ukushuna kwe-chip. Ukuzuza amandla okulula noma ukwehluleka kwenjini?
Ukuphupha unamandla engeziwe emotweni yakho, kodwa awufuni lokho kwanda ukunciphisa ukuqina kwezingxenye zemoto yakho futhi ungafuni ukukhokhela kakhulu umsabalalisi? Uma uphendula ngoyebo kuyo yonke imibuzo, cishe uzoba nentshisekelo ekushuneni kwe-elekthronikhi.
U-Krzysztof ungumnikazi we-Audi A4 B7 Avant 2.0 TDI ka-2007. Imoto yakhe muva nje idlule ku-300. km futhi isasebenza ngokuthembekile nsuku zonke. Bekungeke kube okuxakile kulokhu ukube bekungengenxa yokuthi ngebanga elingu-150 0,1 km, u-Krzysztof wanquma ukwandisa amandla enjini yakhe esebenzisa i-electronics. Ushintsho oluncane kumephu yomjovo kanye nokwenyuka okuncane komfutho we-boost (ibha engu-30 kuphela) kubonise ukukhuphuka kwamandla okungu-170 hp ku-dynamometer. (140 hp esikhundleni sika-56 hp) kanye ne-torque engu-376 Nm eyengeziwe (320 Nm esikhundleni sangaphambilini). 0,5 Nm). Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli nakho kwehle kwaze kwaba ngaphansi - cishe ku-100 l/150 km. Ngemva kokuhamba ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-250 km ngemuva kokuguqulwa, akukho sibonakaliso sokuthi ukuqina kwenjini noma ezinye izingxenye zehlisiwe - yebo, ngezinkulungwane eziyi-XNUMX i-turbocharger idinga amakhilomitha okuvuselelwa, kepha ukulungiswa kwayo kumakhilomitha anjalo bekungeyona into. ngaphandle kokujwayelekile. I-clutch, amasondo anesisindo esikabili nezinye izingxenye zenjini kuseyizoqobo futhi azibonisi zimpawu zokuguga.
Bheka futhi: izincwadi zokushayela. Ikhodi 96 yokudonsa i-trailer yesigaba B
Ukushuna nge-elekthronikhi bekudume kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, unabaphikisi abaningi njengabasekeli. Abamelene nesinqumo esifana nalesi bathi ukwenyusa amandla enjini kulawo angajwayelwanga kuwo kungalimaza kakhulu kunokuhle, kanti uma ubhekene nemithwalo emikhulu kunaleyo ebalwe efemini, izakhi zemoto zizoguga. iphuma ngokushesha.
Likuphi iqiniso?
Yiqiniso, injini ngayinye efakwe emotweni efektri inemithombo yayo yamandla. Ukube bekungenjalo, ukuqina kwayo bekuyoba phansi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amamodeli amaningi ezimoto athengiswa ngeyunithi eyodwa yezinketho zamandla ahlukene - isibonelo, idizili engamalitha amabili ochungechungeni lweBMW 3 ingaba nomphumela we-116 hp. (incazelo 316d) noma 190 hp (igama 320d). Yiqiniso, ihluke ekunamathiselwe (i-turbocharger, ama-nozzles asebenza kahle), kodwa lokhu akuyona iyunithi ehluke ngokuphelele. Abakhiqizi bayajabula ukuthi ngokwakha injini eyodwa kuzinketho eziningi zamandla, bangakhokhisa inhlawulo emba eqolo ukuze bathole amandla engeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwamanye amazwe izindleko zomshuwalense wemoto zenziwa zincike emandleni ayo - ngakho-ke, izinjini "zokwenziwa" sezivele zifakwe esigabeni sokukhiqiza. Akukona nje ukuqondana ukuthi sikhulume ngezinjini zikadizili - zona, kanye namayunithi kaphethiloli ashajwe kakhulu, yizona ezisengozini enkulu yokwenyuka kwamandla futhi ziyibekezelela kangcono le nqubo. Endabeni yezinjini ezishibhile ngokwemvelo, ungakholelwa izithembiso zokwanda okukhulu (ngaphezu kuka-10%) kwamandla. Ukuthuthukiswa kuleli cala kungaletha inzuzo encane kuphela - ukwehla kwamandla aphezulu kanye ne-torque kanye nokunciphisa okungokomfanekiso kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.
Bheka futhi: I-Fiat 500C ekuhlolweni kwethu
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka?
Nokho, endabeni yenjini eshajwa kakhulu, imingcele eyengeziwe ingashintshwa - lezi zihlanganisa: umthamo wamafutha, isikhathi sokuthungela kanye ne-engeli (enjinini ye-diesel - umjovo), i-boost pressure kanye nesivinini esiphezulu esivumelekile senjini.
Ngaphambi kokuba siqale ukushintsha isofthiwe yokulawula, kufanele sifunde ngokucophelela isimo sobuchwepheshe bemoto - kungase kuvele ukuthi ukushoda kwamandla okusikhathazayo kuhlotshaniswa nohlobo oluthile lokuphuka - isibonelo, ama-nozzles angalungile, i-turbocharger egugile, ukuvuza. ukungena, imitha yokugeleza engalungile. noma isiguquli se-catalytic sivalekile. Kuphela ngokususa wonke amaphutha, noma ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi uhlangothi lobuchwepheshe lwemoto yethu alunasici, ungafika emsebenzini.
shintsha
Lonke ubuciko bokushuna kwe-elekthronikhi ukushuna kahle ukuguqulwa ukuze ungalayishi kakhulu iyunithi noma ezinye izingxenye zemoto. Umakhenikha onolwazi uzokwazi umkhawulo wempilo yasembonini yezingxenye zemoto ngayinye futhi uzokwenza izinguquko ukuze ufinyelele kulowo mkhawulo ngaphandle kokuweqa. Ukusheshisa amandla okungenangqondo ngaphandle kokulawula kungaholela ngokushesha ekungasebenzi kahle - ukwehluleka kwe-turbocharger noma ukuqhuma kwenjini! Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukubeka yonke into ku-dyno kubalulekile. Lapho, i-hardware elinganiswe kahle izohlala iqapha ukwanda kwamandla kanye ne-torque ukuze kufinyelelwe ekucabangeni okuhlosiwe.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuguqulwa kwe-elekthronikhi - eyokuqala yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi. Izimpahla zamandla ezixhunywe kusistimu kagesi yemoto futhi azishintshi izilungiselelo zasefekthri zesilawuli senjini. Lesi sixazululo sisetshenziswa kaningi ezimotweni ezintsha ezingaphansi kwewaranti nokulungiswa okungase kuqede iwaranti. Uma imoto iyiswa esikhungweni sesevisi esigunyaziwe, isibonelo ukuze ihlolwe, abasebenzisi bangahlukanisa ukunikezwa kwamandla futhi benze ukuguqulwa kungabonakali. Uhlobo lwesibili lokuguqulwa lulayisha isofthiwe entsha ngqo kusilawuli senjini, ngokuvamile ngesixhumi se-OBD. Ngenxa yalokhu, ungakwazi ukulungisa kahle uhlelo olusha esimweni sobuchwepheshe bemoto, ucabangela ukuguga kwazo zonke izingxenye zayo.
Lapho unquma ngokuguqulwa kwe-elekthronikhi, kubalulekile ukuphathisa wonke umsebenzi endaweni yokusebenzela efanele. Gwema izinhlinzeko ezidlula isheke eliphelele lesimo sobuchwepheshe bemoto futhi akukuvumeli ukuthi uhlole yonke into eku-dyno. Amaphoyinti ahloniphekile azosinika amaphrinti anembile aqinisekisa ububanzi bokuthuthukiswa, futhi sizothola isiqinisekiso ngesevisi enikeziwe. Lapho uhlola i-dynamometer, naka imingcele yokushisa komoya nokucindezela komkhathi. Kufanele basondelane kakhulu nabangempela esihlangana nabo endleleni. Uma zihluka, umphumela wokulinganisa ungase uhluke kweqiniso.
Isifinyezo
Akufanele wesabe ukulungiswa kwe-chip futhi, ngokuyisisekelo, kungenziwa kunoma iyiphi imoto elungele yona - ngaphandle kwezimoto ezinokulawulwa komjovo ngomshini. Ngaphambi kwale nqubo, udinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela isimo sobuchwepheshe bemoto, ususe zonke iziphambeko zayo futhi uthole i-workshop eqinisekisiwe enolwazi olunzulu lokushintsha lolu hlobo. Noma yikuphi ukonga okubonakalayo noma imizamo "yokunqamula amakhona" maduze noma kamuva izoziphindiselela. Futhi ngeke kube ukuziphindiselela okushibhile.
