Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-antifreeze ne-antifreeze?
Okuqukethwe
Incazelo ngemuva kwegama
Ake siqale ngokuthi igama elithi "antifreeze" lisho "ukupholisa". Uma ihunyushwa ngokwezwi nezwi, kusho ukuthi anti - "ngokumelene", qhwa - "kubanda, qhwa".
I-Antifreeze yigama eliqanjiwe elanikezwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960 endaweni yokupholisa yasekhaya esanda kwakhiwa. Izinhlamvu ezintathu zokuqala (“tos”) zimelela “i-organic synthesis technology”. Futhi isiphetho (“ol”) sithathwa ngokusekelwe kubizo lamakhemikhali elamukelwa ngokuvamile elisetshenziselwa ukuqoka utshwala (i-ethanol, i-butanol, njll.). Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, isiphetho sithathwe kwisifinyezo esithi "i-laboratory ehlukene", futhi yabelwa ukuhlonipha abathuthukisi bomkhiqizo.
Okusho ukuthi, i-antifreeze ayilona igama lezentengiselwano lomkhiqizo, futhi hhayi ngisho neqembu elithile lokupholisa. Eqinisweni, leli yigama elivamile lawo wonke ama-coolants. Kubandakanya i-antifreeze. Kodwa-ke, emibuthanweni yabashayeli bezimoto, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa phakathi koketshezi lwasekhaya nolwangaphandle ngale ndlela: i-antifreeze - yasekhaya, i-antifreeze - yangaphandle. Nakuba ngokobuchwepheshe akulungile.
I-antifreeze ne-antifreeze G11
Amapholisaji amaningi esimanje enziwe ngezinto ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- i-ethylene glycol (noma i-propylene glycol yoketshezi olubiza kakhulu nolwezobuchwepheshe);
- amanzi agcobhoziwe;
- izithasiselo.
Uma sibheka phambili, siyaqaphela: i-antifreeze ne-antifreeze G11 yimikhiqizo ecishe ifane. Izilinganiso ze-ethylene glycol namanzi zincike ezingeni lokushisa uketshezi oluba yiqhwa. Kodwa ngokuvamile, i-antifreeze ne-G11 antifreeze, le ngxenye icishe ibe ngu-50/50 (ngokuhlukahluka okuvame kakhulu kwalezi zipholile ezingasebenza emazingeni okushisa afinyelele ku -40 ° C).
Izithasiselo ezisetshenziswa kukho kokubili uketshezi ziyizinto ezingaphili ngokwemvelo. Lawa ikakhulukazi ama-borates ahlukahlukene, ama-phosphates, ama-nitrate nama-silicates. Azikho izindinganiso ezikhawulela izilinganiso zezithasiselo kanye namafomula amakhemikhali aqondile wezingxenye. Kunezidingo ezijwayelekile kuphela okufanele uhlangabezane nazo umkhiqizo ophelile (izinga lokuvikelwa kwezingxenye zesistimu yokupholisa, ukuqina kokususwa kokushisa, ukuphepha kwabantu kanye nemvelo).
I-Ethylene glycol inolaka lwamakhemikhali kuzo zombili izinsimbi nenjoloba nezingxenye zepulasitiki zesistimu. Ukuhlukunyezwa akushiwo, noma kunjalo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-alcohol e-dihydric angabhubhisa amapayipi, amaseli we-radiator ngisho nejazi lokupholisa.
Izithasiselo ze-Antifreeze G11 kanye ne-antifreeze zakha ifilimu evikelayo kuzo zonke izindawo zesistimu yokupholisa, okunciphisa kakhulu ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-ethylene glycol. Kodwa le filimu ivimbela kancane ukuchithwa kokushisa. Ngakho-ke, i-G11 antifreeze ne-antifreeze ayisetshenziselwa izinjini "ezishisayo". Futhi, i-antifreeze inempilo yesevisi emfushane kunawo wonke ama-antifreeze ngokuvamile. Uma efiselekayo ukushintsha i-antifreeze ngemva kweminyaka engu-2-3 (kuye ngokuthi ukuqina kokusebenza kwemoto), i-antifreeze iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwemisebenzi yayo iminyaka emi-3.
I-antifreeze ne-antifreeze G12, G12+ ne-G12++
I-G12 antifreeze base (G12+ ne-G12++) nayo iqukethe ingxube ye-ethylene glycol namanzi. Umehluko ulele ekubunjweni kwezithasiselo.
Ku-antifreeze ye-G12, okuthiwa izithasiselo eziphilayo sezivele zisetshenziswa (ngokusekelwe ku-carboxylic acid). Umgomo wokusebenza kwesengezo esinjalo usekelwe ekwakhekeni kwendawo kwesendlalelo sokuvikela indawo endaweni eyonakaliswe ukugqwala. Okusho ukuthi, leyo ngxenye yesistimu lapho kuvela khona isici esingaphezulu ivalwa yizinhlanganisela ze-carboxylic acid. Amandla okuchayeka ku-ethylene glycol ayancipha, futhi izinqubo ezibhubhisayo ziyancipha.
Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, i-carboxylic acid ayithinti ukudluliswa kokushisa. Singasho ukuthi mayelana nokusebenza kahle kokususa ukushisa, i-G12 antifreeze izosebenza kangcono kune-antifreeze.
Izinguqulo eziguquliwe ze-G12+ kanye ne-G12++ ezipholile ziqukethe kokubili izithasiselo eziphilayo nezingaphili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-organics ahamba phambili. Isendlalelo esivikelayo esakhiwe yi-borates, silicates nezinye izinhlanganisela sincane, futhi empeleni asiphazamisi ukudluliswa kokushisa. Futhi ama-organic compounds, uma kunesidingo, avimbela izindawo ezilimele zesistimu yokupholisa futhi avimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhungo zokugqwala.
Futhi, ama-antifreeze ekilasi le-G12 kanye nokuphuma kwawo anempilo ende yesevisi, cishe izikhathi ezi-2. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zalawa ma-antifreezes ziphakeme izikhathi ezi-2-5 kune-antifreeze.
I-Antifreeze G13
Ama-antifreeze e-G13 asebenzisa i-propylene glycol njengesisekelo. Lobu tshwala bubiza kakhulu ukubukhiqiza, kodwa abunalaka futhi abuyingozi kangako kubantu nasemvelweni. Ukubukeka kwalokhu kupholisa kuwumkhuba wamazinga aseNtshonalanga. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zemboni yezimoto zaseNtshonalanga, kuye kwaba nesifiso sokuthuthukisa imvelo.
Izithasiselo ze-G13 ziyefana ekubunjweni kwe-G12+ kanye ne-G12++ antifreeze. Impilo yesevisi cishe iminyaka emi-5.
Okusho ukuthi, ngokuya ngazo zonke izakhiwo zokusebenza, i-antifreeze ilahlekelwa ngokungenathemba kumapholisa angaphandle i-G12 +, G12 ++ ne-G13. Kodwa-ke, intengo ye-antifreeze uma iqhathaniswa ne-antifreeze ye-G13 ingaphansi izikhathi ezingu-8-10. Futhi ezimotweni ezilula ezinezinjini ezibandayo, akuwenzi mqondo ukuthatha isipholisi esibiza kangaka. I-antifreeze evamile noma i-antifreeze G11 yanele. Vele ungakhohlwa ukushintsha i-coolant ngesikhathi, futhi ngeke kube nezinkinga ngokushisa ngokweqile.
