Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-torque namandla

Onjiniyela bezimoto kudala futhi bewazi ngokuphelele imiqondo nezici zamanani angokomzimba njengamandla enjini kanye netorque. Kuphakama imibuzo kwabaqalayo, kodwa abashayeli abanentshisekelo kwezobuchwepheshe.

Ikakhulukazi muva nje, lapho abaningi abathandwayo nababuyekezi bezimoto, bona ngokwabo abangaqondi kahle izisekelo zethiyori, baqala ukucaphuna inani le-torque ezincazelweni zama-motor, bebeka phambili njengenkomba ebaluleke kakhulu yokubaluleka kokusebenza kwemoto.

Ngaphandle kokuchaza ingqikithi, futhi ngenxa yalokho abadukisayo abafundi nababukeli.

Ayini amandla enjini

Amandla yikhono lokwenza umsebenzi ngeyunithi yesikhathi. Mayelana nenjini yemoto, lo mqondo ubonisa ukuphuma kwemoto ngangokunokwenzeka.

Imoto uma inyakaza imelana nokushibilika kwenjini, ukulahlekelwa kuhambisana ne-aerodynamics, ukungqubuzana kanye nesethi yamandla anamandla uma ikhuphuka ikhuphuka. Amandla amaningi angena kulo msebenzi njalo ngomzuzwana, ayanda ijubane lemoto, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukusebenza kahle kwayo njengemoto.

Amandla akalwa ngama-horsepower, athuthukiswe ngokomlando noma ngama-kilowatts, lokhu kuyamukelwa ku-physics. Isilinganiso silula - ihhashi elilodwa lilingana nama-kilowatts angu-0,736.

Izinhlobo zamandla

I-Engine thrust yenziwa ngokuguqula amandla engxube evuthayo kumasilinda abe umsebenzi womshini wokuzungezisa i-crankshaft kanye nokudluliswa okuhlobene. Inani eliyinhloko ukucindezela ku-piston kusilinda.

Kuye ngendlela yokubala, amandla angase ahluke:

• inkomba - ibalwa ngengcindezi evamile ngomjikelezo ngamunye kanye nendawo ye-piston bottom;
• ngempumelelo - cishe okufanayo, kodwa ukucindezela okunemibandela kulungiswa ukulahlekelwa ku-cylinder;
• okuqokiwe, futhi iwumkhawulo - ipharamitha eseduze nomsebenzisi wokugcina, ebonisa ikhono lemoto ukuze libuyele ngokugcwele;
• ethize noma ilitha - ikhombisa ukuphelela kwemoto, ikhono layo lokunikeza inani eliphakeme kusuka kuyunithi yevolumu yokusebenza.

Njengoba sikhuluma ngomsebenzi ngeyunithi yesikhathi, ukubuya kuzoncika ejubaneni lokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft, ngesivinini esikhulayo siyakhula.

Kodwa ngokwengqondo kuphela, njengoba ukulahlekelwa kwanda ngesivinini esikhulu, izimo zokugcwalisa amasilinda kanye nokusebenza kwezindlela zokusekela ziba zimbi. Ngakho-ke, kunomqondo wokuguquguquka kwamandla aphezulu.

Injini ingaphenduka ngaphezulu, kodwa ukubuya kuzokwehla. Kuze kube manje, inani ngalinye lejubane lokusebenza lihambisana nezinga layo lamandla.

Indlela yokuthola amandla enjini

Inani lepharamitha libalwa ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwenjini. Bese kwenziwa izivivinyo, ukulungisa kahle, nokwenza kahle kwamamodi. Ngenxa yalokho, idatha yokulinganisa yenjini ibonisa amandla ayo alinganiselwe. Ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi ubukhulu, kucace kumthengi.

Kukhona izitendi zezimoto ezikwazi ukulayisha injini futhi zibone amandla ayo nganoma yisiphi isivinini. Lokhu kungenziwa nasemotweni.

 

Ifakwe ku-roller stand, amandla akhishwe emthwalweni alinganiswa ngokunembile, ukulahlekelwa ekudluliseni kuyacatshangelwa, emva kwalokho ikhompyutha inikeza umphumela ohlobene ngqo nemoto. Lokhu kuyasiza ekuxilongeni isimo semoto, kanye nenqubo yokulungisa, okungukuthi, ukulungisa injini ukuze kuthuthukiswe izici ezikhethiwe.

Izimiso zesimanje zokulawula injini zigcina imodeli yayo yezibalo enkumbulweni, uphethiloli ukhishwa ngawo, isikhathi sokuthungela siyathuthukiswa, futhi kwenziwa nezinye izinguquko zokusebenza.

Ngokusho kwedatha etholakalayo, ikhompuyutha ikwazi kakhulu ukubala amandla ngokungaqondile, ngezinye izikhathi idatha iboniswa ngisho nasezibonisini zezinkomba zomshayeli.

Yini i-torque

I-torque ilingana nomkhiqizo wamandla kanye nengalo ye-lever, okungaba i-flywheel yenjini, noma iyiphi into yokudlulisa noma isondo lokushayela.

Leli nani lihlobene ncamashi namandla, alingana ne-torque nesivinini sokujikeleza. Nguye othathwa njengesisekelo semodeli yenjini ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwekhompyutha yokulawula. Isikhathi futhi sihlobene ngokukhethekile nokucindezela kwamagesi ku-piston.

Umehluko omkhulu kunani le-torque ukuthi ingashintshwa kalula ekudluliseni. Ukwehla kwebhokisi noma ukuguqula isilinganiso segiya le-axle ye-drive gearbox, ngisho nokwenyuka noma ukuncipha kwe-radius yokujikeleza kwesondo ngokulinganayo kushintsha isikhathi, yingakho-ke umzamo wokudonsa usetshenziswa emotweni iyonke.

Ngakho-ke, akunangqondo ukusho ukuthi imoto isheshisa nge-torque yenjini. Kwanele ukuvula igiya eliphansi - futhi lizokhula nganoma yiliphi inani.

Isici sesivinini sangaphandle (VSH)

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla, i-torque kanye nezinguquko kubonisa ngokucacile igrafu yezincwadi zabo. Ama-Revolutions ahlelwa ngokuhambisana ne-eksisi evundlile, amandla kanye ne-torque kuhlelwa kanye nezimbili eziqondile.

Eqinisweni, angaba nama-VSH amaningi, ahlukile ekuvulekeni kwe-throttle ngakunye. Kodwa basebenzisa into eyodwa - lapho i-accelerator pedal icindezelekile ngokugcwele.

Kungabonakala ku-VSH ukuthi amandla ayakhula ngokukhula kwe-rpm. Akumangazi, ngoba ilingana nabo nge-torque engaguquki, kodwa ayikwazi ukufana kuzo zonke izivinini.

Isikhathi sincane endaweni ephansi kakhulu, bese siyakhuphuka, futhi siyehla futhi njengoba sisondela esiphezulu. Futhi kangangokuthi amandla anenani eliphakeme kulezo zivinini ezifanayo.

Ivelu esebenzayo ayisona isikhathi esingangokuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwayo phezu koguquko. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuyenza iyunifomu, ngendlela yeshalofu, kulula kakhulu ukulawula imoto enjalo. Yilokhu abakulwela ezimotweni zabantu.

Iyiphi injini engcono, enetorque ephezulu noma amandla

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinjini:

• ijubane eliphansi, elinomzuzu "kagandaganda" phansi;
• ezemidlalo ezinesivinini esikhulu esinamandla amakhulu kanye ne-torque eseduze nobukhulu;
• izakhamuzi ezisebenzayo, ishalofu le-torque lilinganiselwe, ungakwazi ukuhambisa ngokushintsha okuncane, kuyilapho unendawo yokugcina amandla uma uphotha injini.

Konke kuncike enjongweni yenjini kanye nezintandokazi zomshayeli. Amandla abalulekile kubasubathi, abavilapha kakhulu ukushintsha ukuze babe nomzuzwana emasondweni ukusheshisa kunoma yisiphi isivinini. Kodwa izinjini ezinjalo zidinga ukukhuthazwa, okunikeza umsindo owengeziwe nokuncipha kwezinsiza.

Udizili wamaloli nezinjini ezinamasistimu esimanje e-turbocharging zishunwa ukuze zisebenze ngetorque ephezulu kumarev aphansi kanye nesivinini esiphansi ngamandla amakhulu. Zihlala isikhathi eside futhi kulula ukuziphatha.

Ngakho-ke, manje kuwumkhuba oyinhloko wokwakhiwa kwezimoto. Ingumshini ozishintshayo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwetorque ngokulinganayo ejikeni le-rpm okuvumela ukuthi ungacabangi uma ukhetha injini, kodwa ubheke kuphela amandla ayo aphezulu okukhiphayo.

I-CVT noma multi-speed automatic transmission izokhetha isikhathi esifanele kumasondo okushayela wona.