I-Charron Armored Car, imodeli 1905 “Maningi amathuba okuba kuvele isambulela emishinini yamasosha ahamba ngezinyawo kunamasosha azothwalwa ngemoto!” 1897 usuku lokutholwa okusemthethweni imoto emsebenzini nebutho laseFrance, lapho, ngaphansi kobuholi bukaColonel Feldman (oyinhloko yenkonzo yezobuchwepheshe yezikhali), kwakhiwa ikhomishana yezimoto zamasosha, eyavela ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwezimoto zabagibeli bezentengiselwano ekuzilolongeni eningizimu-ntshonalanga nasempumalanga ye France. Esinye sezinyathelo zokuqala zekhomishana kwaba yisinqumo, ngokubambisana ne-Automobile Club yaseFrance, ukuhlola izimoto zePanhard Levassor, Peugeot break, Morse, Delahaye, Georges-Richard kanye neMaison Parisien. Zonke izimoto ziphumelele ukuhlolwa, okuhlanganisa nokugijima okungamakhilomitha angu-200. I-Spoiler: Ukuqala kokuhamba ngezimoto Ukuqala kwezimoto kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini kwebutho laseFrance NgoJanuwari 17, 1898, abaphathi benkonzo yezobuchwepheshe bezikhali baphendukela kuziphathimandla eziphakeme ngesicelo sokuthenga i-Panhard-Levassor ezimbili, izimoto ezimbili ze-Peugeot kanye nezimoto ezimbili zaseMaison Parisien zamasosha, kodwa bathola ukwenqaba, isizathu okwakuyisizathu sokuthi umbono wokuthi zonke izimoto ezikhona futhi zizodingeka uma kwenzeka impi, futhi uma kubhekwa ijubane lokuthuthuka kwemboni yezimoto, imishini ethengiwe ingaphelelwa yisikhathi ngokushesha. Nokho, ngemva konyaka ibutho lathenga izimoto zokuqala: eyodwa Panhard-Levassor, eyodwa Maison Parisien futhi eyodwa Peugeot. Ngo-1900, abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene banikeza izimoto eziyisishiyagalolunye ezihloselwe izinjongo zempi kuphela. Enye yalezi zimoto bekuyibhasi yakwaPanhard-Levassor ethutha izisebenzi. Nakuba ngaleso sikhathi umqondo wokuthutha amasosha ngemoto wawubonakala uyihlaya ngokuphelele, futhi omunye wochwepheshe ezindabeni zempi wathi: “Kungase kube maningi amathuba okuba kuvele isambulela esihlokweni samasosha ahamba ngezinyawo kunokuba amasosha athuthwe. emotweni!” Nokho, iHhovisi Lezempi lathenga ibhasi i-Panhard-Levassor, futhi ngo-1900, kanye namaloli amabili adingekayo, lasetshenziswa ekuqondiseni endaweni yaseBeauce, lapho ingqikithi yamaloli angu-XNUMX ezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ehlanganyela. Izimoto Panhard Levassor, 1896 - 1902 Ngemva kokuba imoto ifakwe enkonzweni, kwakudingeka ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwayo, futhi ngo-February 18, 1902, kwakhishwa imiyalelo eyayala ukuthengwa kwezimoto: class 25CV - egalaji loMnyango Wezempi kanye namayunithi wezobunhloli, I-12CV - yamalungu oMkhandlu Ophakeme Wezempi, 8CV - ojenene abaphethe amasosha. I-CV (Cheval Vapeur - French horsepower): I-1CV ihambisana ne-1,5 yezimali yamandla amahhashi ase-British noma angu-2,2 amahhashi ase-British, 1 amandla amahhashi ase-British alingana no-745,7 W. Amandla ethu amahhashi amukelekile ngu-736,499 W. I-Spoiler: Ukuqala kokuhamba ngezimoto Imoto yezikhali "Sharron" imodeli 1905 Imoto yezikhali ze-Sharron yayiyindalo ethuthukisiwe yobunjiniyela ngesikhathi sayo. Ibutho laseFrance lalingomunye wabokuqala ukusebenzisa izimoto ezikhulu. Iqinile Charron, Girardot futhi Voig I-(CGV) ikhiqize izimoto ezigijimayo eziyimpumelelo futhi yaba ngeyokuqala ukuphendula kulo mkhuba omusha ngokwenza imoto ehlome ngezikhali esekelwe emotweni yabagibeli. Imoto ibihlome ngesibhamu somshini i-8-mm Hotchkiss, ebesifakwe ngemuva kwebarbette yezikhali esikhundleni sezihlalo zangemuva. Imoto edonsa ngamasondo angemuva (4x2) inekhabethe elivuliwe elinezihlalo ezimbili, kwesokudla kukhona indawo yokusebenzela yomshayeli. Imoto yethulwa eParis Automobile Salon ngo-1902, futhi yenza umbono omuhle emasosheni. Ngo-1903, imoto ehlomile yahlolwa ngempumelelo, kodwa lokho kwase kuphelile. Ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu, kwakhiwe izimoto ezimbili kuphela - "Charron" imodeli 1902 wahlala esiteji se-prototype. Kodwa abaphathi benkampani "Charron, Girardot and Voy" baqaphela ukuthi ibutho lalingeke likwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwezimoto ezihlomile futhi ziqhubeke nomsebenzi wokuthuthukisa imoto. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-3, ​​kwahlongozwa imodeli entsha yemoto yezikhali, ecabangela zonke imibono kanye nokushiyeka. Emotweni yezikhali "Charron" imodeli 1905 I-hull ne-turret kwakuhlotshiswe ngokuphelele. Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi umqondo wokudala lo mshini (kanye nomklamo wawo wokuqala) wahlongozwa isikhulu saseRussia, esasibambe iqhaza eMpini YaseRussia-Japanese, ilungu le-Siberian Cossack Corps, uMikhail Aleksandrovich Nakashidze, ongowokuzalwa emndenini wakudala waseGeorgia. Ngaphambi nje kokuphela kwempi ka-1904-1905, uNakashidze wethula iphrojekthi yakhe emnyangweni wezempi waseRussia, owawusekelwa umkhuzi weButho Lebutho laseManchurian, uJenene Linevich. Kodwa uMnyango ubheka imboni yaseRussia ingakulungele ngokwanele ukudala imishini yalolu hlobo, ngakho babela inkampani yaseFrance uCharron, Girardot et Voig (CGV) ukuthi iqalise umsebenzi. Umshini ofanayo wakhiwa e-Austria (inkampani ye-Austro-Daimler). Kwakuyilezi zimoto ezimbili ezihlomile ezaba yizibonelo zalezo zimoto zokulwa ezihlomile, ukwakheka kwazo manje okubhekwa njengeyakudala. Izici zokusebenza zemoto ye-armored Sharron, imodeli 1905 Isisindo sokulwa, t 2,95 Abasebenzi, h 5 I-Габаритные размеры, мм isikhathi 4800 ububanzi 1700 ukuphakama 2400 Ukubhuka, mm 4,5 Impi 8 mm imodeli yesibhamu somshini we-Hotchkiss 1914 Injini I-CGV, 4-cylinder, 4-stroke, in-line, carburetor, ukupholisa uketshezi, amandla angu-22 kW Amandla athile. kW/t 7,46 Isivinini esikhulu, km / h: emgwaqeni omkhulu 45 phansi ngomzila 30 Ukunqoba izithiyo vuka, muzi. 25 Isidumbu semoto yezikhali ze-Sharron besikhishwe ngamashidi ensimbi angu-4,5 mm awugqinsi, abevikela abasebenzi kanye nenjini ezinhlamvu zezibhamu nezicucu ezincane. Umshayeli wayeseduze nomkhuzi, ukubonakala kwakunikezwe ifasitela elikhulu langaphambili, elalivalwe empini ngesembozo esikhulu se-trapezoidal esinezimbobo zokuhlola ezimise okwedayimane ezinama-flap angaphandle angaphandle ayindilinga. IN okungalwi Isimo, isembozo se-armored safakwa endaweni evundlile futhi salungiswa kusetshenziswa abakaki ababili abahambayo. Amafasitela amabili amakhulu ohlangothini ngalunye lwesikebhe nawo avalwe ngezivalo zezikhali. Ekungeneni nasekuphumeni kwabasebenzi, kwakukhona isicabha ngakwesobunxele, sivuleke sibheke ngemuva kwemoto. Izindlela zokuhamba zensimbi ezimise okwe-U, ezixhunywe ngokulinganayo ezinhlangothini zombili zesikebhe, zazihloselwe ukunqoba izithiyo (imisele, imisele, imisele). I-spotlight eyodwa enkulu yafakwa phambi kweshidi elibheke phambili legumbi lenjini, elesibili, elimbozwe ngesembozo se-armored, lafakwa eshidini elingaphambili lomzimba ngaphansi kwefasitela elingaphambili. Igumbi lokulwa lalingemuva kwezihlalo zomshayeli nezakhomanda, ophahleni lwalo kwakufakwe i-cylindrical turret eyindilinga enophahla olutshekile ngaphambili nangemuva. I-bevel yangaphambili yayinkulu impela futhi empeleni yayiyi-hatch eyi-semicircular, isembozo sayo esingaphakanyiswa sime endaweni evundlile. Isibhamu somshini esingu-8 mm seHotchkiss sasifakwe kubakaki abakhethekile ku-turret. Umgqomo wayo wawuvikelwe igobolondo lezikhali elivuliwe phezulu. Isikhulu samasosha asolwandle, ukapteni osezingeni lesithathu u-Guillet, wakha i-turret ye-Sharon. I-turret yayingenayo ibhola, kodwa yayihlezi phezu kwekholomu ebekwe phansi endaweni yokulwa. Kwakungenzeka ukuphakamisa umbhoshongo futhi uwujikelezise ngesandla, kusetshenziswa i-flywheel eyayihamba ngesikulufu sokuhola sekholomu. Kulesi sikhundla kuphela lapho kwakungenzeka khona ukuqinisekisa umlilo ojikelezayo ovela kusibhamu somshini. Igumbi lenjini lalingaphambi kwesikebhe. Imoto yayifakwe injini ye-CGV ye-cylinder ezine-cylinder in-line enamandla angu-30 hp. Nge. Isisindo sokulwa semoto yezikhali sasingamathani angu-2,95. Isivinini esiphezulu emigwaqweni egandayiwe sasingu-45 km/h, futhi endaweni ethambile sasingu-30 km/h. Ukufinyelela enjini ukuze kulungiswe futhi kulungiswe kwanikezwa ama-hatches anekhava ekhishwayo kuzo zonke izindonga ze-armored hood. I-chassis enamasondo angemuva (4x2) yemoto ehlomile isebenzisa amasondo enziwe ngokhuni avikelwe ngamakepisi ensimbi. Amathayi ayegcwele isipontshi esikhethekile, esavumela imoto ehlomile ukuba ihambe ngemva kokuba inhlamvu ishaye isondo eminye imizuzu eyi-10. Ukuze kuncishiswe lokhu okungenzeka, amasondo angemuva ayembozwe ngama-casings ane-armored armored. Ngesikhathi sayo, imoto yezikhali ze-Charron yayiyindalo ethuthuke ngempela yobunjiniyela, ehlanganisa izixazululo eziningi zobuchwepheshe, isibonelo: umbhoshongo oyindilinga, amasondo erabha angangenwa izinhlamvu, ukukhanya kukagesi, ithuba lokuqalisa injini kusuka endaweni yokulawula. Kwakhiwe izimoto ezimbili zezikhali ze-Sharon. isampula 1905. Omunye watholwa uMnyango Wezokuvikela WaseFrance (wathunyelwa eMorocco), owesibili watholwa umnyango wezempi waseRussia (wathunyelwa eRussia), lapho imoto yayisetshenziselwa ukucindezela imibhikisho yezinguquko eSt. Imoto ehlomile yanelise ngokuphelele amasosha aseRussia, futhi inkampani uCharron, Girardot et Voig (CGV) ngokushesha yathola umyalo wezimoto ezingu-12, kodwa, ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngeJalimane zaboshwa futhi zathathwa amaJalimane ukuze "zihlole amakhono abo", zase zisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca okukhulu kwebutho laseJalimane. Imoto eyodwa ehlomile yohlobo lwe-Charron yakhiqizwa inkampani yakwaPanhard-Levassor, kanti ezinye izimoto ezine ezifana nemodeli ye-Charron yemodeli ka-1902 zakhiwa inkampani ye-Hotchkiss ngo-1909 ngomyalo kahulumeni waseTurkey. Imithombo: Kholyavsky G. L. "Izimoto ezihlomile ezinamasondo nezilandelwa isigamu kanye nabathwali bezisebenzi ezihlomile"; E. D. Kochnev. Encyclopedia of Military Vehicles; Baryatinsky M. B., Kolomiets M. V. Izimoto ezihlomile zebutho laseRussia 1906-1917; M. Kolomiets “Izikhali Zebutho LaseRussia. Izimoto ezihlomile nezitimela ezihlomile ngeMpi Yezwe Yokuqala”; “Imoto yezikhali. I-Wheeled Fighting Vehicle Journal ”(i-март 1994).