Zenzele ngokwakho amaketanga eqhwa emotweni: ukulungiselela isizini yasebusika kusenesikhathi

Imvamisa, ukuhamba ngezimoto ebusika kungaholela emiphumeleni engathandeki kubashayeli, ngenxa yalokho kufanele kubizwe i-tug ukuze bathole usizo. Isimo sezulu esingesihle njengeqhwa, iqhwa nemvula kunciphisa ikhono lemoto lokunqamula izwe. Ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezimbozwe yiqhwa zamathrekhi, kunikezwa imishini ekhethekile, ebizwa ngokuthi amaketanga eqhwa. Uma kunesithiyo ngaphambili ngendlela yengxenye yethrekhi yeqhwa, amaketanga afakwa amasondo azosiza ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokunqoba ibanga elinjalo. Imikhiqizo enjalo ingathengwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezimoto, kodwa akuwona wonke umshayeli ongakwazi ukukhokhela izindleko zabo. Kunendlela eyodwa kuphela yokuphuma - ukwenza amaketanga eqhwa ngezandla zakho.

Okuqukethwe

• 1 Inhloso yamaketanga eqhwa
• 2 Izinhlobonhlobo nokuthi zihluke kanjani
  • 2.1 Izigaxa eziqinile
  • 2.2 Izigaxa ezithambile
• 3 Izinhlobonhlobo zama-lugs ngokuya ngephethini yejometri
  • 3.1 "Ileli"
  • 3.2 "Idayimane"
  • 3.3 "Inkantolo"
• 4 Amaketanga e-anti-skid namasongo: yikuphi okungcono
• 5 Ukwenza amaketanga eqhwa: ukulandelana kwezenzo
  • 5.1 Amathuluzi adingekayo kanye nemishini
  • 5.2 Imfundo yesinyathelo-by-step
• 6 Izici zokufakwa emotweni
• 7 Ukuhlolwa kochungechunge lweqhwa

Inhloso yamaketanga eqhwa

Izindleko zamaketanga eqhwa ezisezingeni eliphakeme ziqala kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezi-5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu akudingi ulwazi olukhethekile nolwazi, ngoba uma unemiyalo ekhonjiswe endabeni, ungenza imikhiqizo ngokwakho.

Amaketanga okulwa nokushushuluza (ama-lugs) yimikhiqizo efakwa emasondweni okushayela, okwandisa ikhono lokunqamula izwe lemoto. Ngokufaka imikhiqizo enjalo kumasondo, umshayeli uthola izinzuzo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukusebenza okuphezulu emigwaqweni embozwe yiqhwa.
2. Ukunqoba imiqansa nokwehla ezigabeni zamathrekhi aneqhwa namathuba aphansi okulahlekelwa ukulawula.
3. Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokushayela ezindaweni zomgwaqo ezineqhwa nezineqhwa.
4. Ukuthuthukisa izindawo zokugwedla zemoto lapho udlula ezindaweni ezinodaka zomgwaqo.

Ibalulekile! Amaketanga eqhwa afakwe emasondweni kuphela lapho kudingekile ukunqoba ingxenye enzima yomgwaqo. Akunconywa ukuzisebenzisa njalo, njengoba lokhu kuthinta kabi imoto.

Umthelela ongemuhle ungenxa yezinto ezilandelayo:

1. Umthwalo owengeziwe kumshini wokuqondisa, kanye nezinto zokudlulisela.
2. Ukungenzeki kokuhamba ngokushesha.
3. Ukwenyuka kwamasondo okuguga.
4. Ukuntula induduzo.
5. Umsindo ongaphandle.
6. Umthelela omubi kuma-elementi amisiwe.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke, akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa imoto enezingwegwe ku-asphalt, njengoba lokhu kunomthelela ekubhujisweni kwengubo. Imikhiqizo okukhulunywa ngayo kufanele ihlale isesigabeni semoto ukuze ukwazi ukuyisebenzisa uma kunesidingo. Lokhu akusebenzi kuphela ezimotweni ze-crossover ne-SUV class, kodwa nasezimotweni ezikhanyayo ze-mono-drive.

Izinhlobonhlobo nokuthi zihluke kanjani

Abashayeli abaningi, sebejwayelene nokushiyeka kwe-lugs, benza isinqumo esibi sokuyithenga noma ukuyikhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha noma kamuva kufika isimo lapho ukuba khona kwamaketanga kungalimazi. Ama-Grousers ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo eziningana. Imingcele eyinhloko ehlukanisayo yilezi: izinto zokwakha kanye nephethini yejometri yomkhiqizo weketanga ethayini.

Kuyathakazelisa! Amapharamitha angenhla anomthelela ofanayo emotweni kanye nokusebenza kwayo ngaphandle komgwaqo lapho ushayela.

Ngokuya ngezinto zokwenziwa, ama-lugs ahlukaniswe abe yizinhlobo ezilandelayo:

1. Iqinile.
2. Ithambile.

Izigaxa eziqinile

Izinhlobo ezinzima zihlanganisa imikhiqizo evela ezinhlotsheni ezilandelayo zezinsimbi: i-titanium, insimbi, i-aluminium. Amandla omkhiqizo akaxhomekile kuphela ezintweni ezibonakalayo, kodwa futhi nobukhulu bezixhumanisi. Uma usayizi wama-link uba mkhulu, ukhulisa ikhono lemoto lokunqamula izwe. Nokho, izinkomba nomthelela omubi emotweni nazo ziphakeme.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaketanga aminyene akhulisa ikhono lemoto eliwela izwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, athinta kabi ukumiswa nokuqondisa.

Ukungalungi kwemikhiqizo eqinile kuwumphumela womsindo ophezulu, kanye nokugqoka kwamasondo okusheshisa. Kumaketanga alolu hlobo, akunakwenzeka ukufinyelela isivinini esingaphezu kuka-40 km / h. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu nobukhulu bamaketanga kuyithinta kabi imoto. Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zezimoto zabagibeli ezingasebenzisa amaketanga aqinile ngenxa yesikhala esincane phakathi kwama-wheel arch.

Izigaxa ezithambile

Amalugi athambile enziwa ngezinto ezingezona ezensimbi njengerabha, i-polyurethane, ngisho nepulasitiki. Ukwandisa amandla emikhiqizo, indlela efana nokuqiniswa isetshenziswa. Izigaxa ezithambile zezimoto zithethelela kakhulu, njengoba zifaka isandla esincane ekugqokeni kwenjoloba, futhi zicishe zithule. Imoto ku-lugs enjalo ingafinyelela isivinini esingafika ku-80 km / h, kuyilapho igcina izinga eliphezulu lokubambelela endaweni yomgwaqo.

Amaketanga athambile ngeke abizwe ngokuthi “amaketanga” ngomqondo oyiqiniso wegama, kodwa awenza umsebenzi lapho eshayela ezungeza idolobha.

Njengamaketanga aqinile, ama-soft lugs anezinkinga ezibonakala ngokucacile lapho uhamba phezu kweqhwa. Amaketanga athambile enza kahle uma uhamba edolobheni, ngaphandle kokuba nomthelela omubi endaweni yomgwaqo. Kodwa-ke, abakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba okuphumelelayo kwezindawo zeqhwa nodaka, ngakho-ke ezimweni ezinjalo, kufanele kusetshenziswe amaketanga aqinile kuphela.

Izinhlobonhlobo zama-lugs ngokuya ngephethini yejometri

Kuye ngejometri yephethini, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamaketanga eqhwa:

• "Isitebhisi".
• "Idayimane".
• "Izinyosi."

Inketho ngayinye inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo, ngakho-ke ake sizibheke ngokuningiliziwe.

"Ileli"

"Isitebhisi" siyisisekelo esisesimweni samagatsha ahlelwe ngobude. Lawa magatsha asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke umzungezo wesondo. Ukulungisa iketanga esondweni, kusetshenziswa uhlobo olufanele lokukhiya. Ngaphandle, lolu hlobo lwesikhwama lufana nesitebhisi, lapho igama livela khona.

Le nguqulo ye-lug ingenye ethandwa kakhulu, ephumelelayo futhi efunwayo. Ebubini balolu hlobo lweketango, kufanelekile ukuphawula:

• ukuhlelwa okuhambisanayo kwamaketanga esondweni, ngakho-ke imoto izomba lapho inqoba izindawo ezineqhwa noma zenhlabathi;
• ukuzinza okuphansi kwe-lateral, okubuye kube ngenxa yokuhlelwa okufanayo kwamagatsha amaketanga;
• umthwalo osindayo ekudluliseni.

Naphezu kwezakhiwo eziphakeme zokuqopha, amaketango ohlobo lwesitebhisi awasizi ngalutho emhlabathini ombozwe yiqhwa.

Amaketanga alolu hlobo anconywa ukuthi asetshenziswe kuphela uma kudingekile ukunqoba ingxenye eyingozi yomzila. Lolu khetho lungenye eshibhile, ngakho-ke lapho kuphakama isidingo, abashayeli abaningi bakhetha le nketho ngaphandle kokuhlolisisa izici zayo.

"Idayimane"

Idizayini ye-rhombus yama-lugs idizayini yesimanje yeLadder. Kulokhu, kukhona amagatsha e-longitudinal akha iphethini emise okwedayimane, ngaphandle kwazo zonke izici ezingezinhle eziyisici seLadder.

Umumo wejometri ngendlela ye-rhombus uhloselwe ukusetshenziswa kwama-lugs lapho kudingekile ukunqoba indawo yeqhwa noma ixhaphozi. Umumo wedayimane ukhonjiswe esithombeni esingezansi.

Amaketanga amise okwedayimane ukuze akhulise amandla kanye nokudonsa okuphezulu

Uhlobo lwamaketanga eqhwa amise okwedayimane luthandwa phakathi kwama-SUV nama-crossovers, ngoba lolu hlobo lwephethini ezikhwameni lukhulisa izimfanelo ezidlulayo zemoto izikhathi eziningana. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zomgwaqo ezineqhwa neqhwa.

"Inkantolo"

I-analogue ye-rhombus "yi-honeycombs", enamagatsha aguquguqukayo afana ne-rhombus, noma kunjalo, axhunywe futhi ngezixhumi eziqondile. I-Rhombus ne-honeycomb yizinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe zama-lugs, lapho kusetshenziswa ukuthintana kwemikhiqizo ne-surface yomgwaqo kwenzeka njalo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa okukhulu kokubili kwerabha kanye nokudluliselwa, ngakho-ke lapho wenza ama-lugs, kunconywa ukuba unake amamodeli amabili okugcina.

"Ama-Honeycombs" ahlinzeka ngokuxhumana njalo nomgwaqo, ngakho-ke ukunikeza imoto izinga eliphezulu lokuzinza kwe-lateral

Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi lapho uthenga amaketanga eqhwa, kufanele ucabangele ubukhulu bawo. Ama-grousers akhiqizwa ekukhiqizeni awahlukaniswanga ngosayizi wamasondo kuphela, kodwa futhi kuye ngohlobo lwemoto.

Amaketanga e-anti-skid namasongo: yikuphi okungcono

Ama-analogue amaketanga ezimoto amasongo, okuyizingxenye ezimbili zamaketanga agxilwe emasondweni anamabhande. Iketango litholakala phezulu kwebha, futhi ibhande litholakala emgodini phakathi kwediski. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isongo, ngokungafani neketanga, liqiniswe ngokuqinile ethayini, elivumela ukuthi iketanga libe endaweni eyodwa.

Ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle, kunconywa ukuthi unamathisele okungenani amasongo amathathu e-anti-skid esondweni elilodwa

Ngokuvamile amasongo amathathu afakwe esondweni elilodwa, okwanele ukufinyelela indawo eqinile, ngenkathi edala ukungqubuzana nokuxoshwa kwemoto. Ngokungafani namaketanga, amasongo anezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

1. Isivinini nokulula kokufakwa. Uma amaketanga anconywa ukuba afakwe kuphela ngaphambi kokunqoba indawo eneqhwa noma enamanzi, khona-ke isongo singafakwa ngisho nalapho imoto ibambekile.
2. Compact, njengoba engathathi isikhala esiningi esiqwini, ngokungafani namaketanga.
3. Asikho isidingo sokuxhuma isondo.
4. Ukuguquguquka. Uma amaketanga enzelwe ububanzi besondo elithile, khona-ke amasongo afaneleka kunoma yimuphi usayizi wesondo.
5. Ngokungafani namaketanga, amasongo ashibhile izikhathi eziningana.
6. Impilo ende yesevisi.

Njengamaketanga, amasongo ahlukaniswe abe nzima futhi athambile. Enye yezinketho ezishibhile zamasongo yimikhiqizo yepulasitiki. Zifanele noma yiluphi uhlobo lwemoto: kusukela ezimotweni ezincane ukuya kuma-SUV, ngakho wonke umshayeli angakwazi ukuzikhokhela.

Amasongo, njengamaketanga, ahlukaniswe abe nzima futhi athambile

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwamaketango namasongo? Ukubhekwa okuningi kwabashayeli kubonisa ukuthi amaketanga abambe kangcono emgwaqeni, okunomthelela omuhle kumapharamitha we-patency. Amaketanga angasetshenziswa ukuze anqobe izindawo ezineqhwa neqhwa aze aphele. Amasongo angasetshenziswa kuphela ukusetshenziswa isikhathi esifushane kufika ku-5-10 km.

Ibalulekile! Uma isixhumanisi esisodwa siphuka eketangeni, khona-ke lokhu kubangela usongo emzimbeni wemoto. Ukulimala komsebenzi wokupenda kungase kwenzeke, okubangela ekugcineni ukwakheka kwendawo yokugqwala.

Uma kwaziwa ukuthi ayini amaketango namasongo, singaphetha ngokuthi:

1. Uma uhlela umgwaqo omude endaweni enamanzi, eneqhwa neqhwa, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukusebenzisa amaketanga.
2. Amasongo asetshenziswa kuphela lapho kuhlelwa uhambo olungavamile ukuzungeza idolobha noma ngaphandle kwalo esimweni sezulu esibi. Ngisho noma phakathi nohambo ukhohlwa ukugqoka isongo, ungakwenza noma nini, ngisho noma imoto ibambeka.

Ukwenza amaketanga eqhwa: ukulandelana kwezenzo

Abashayeli abaningi bezimoto bayawazisa umsebenzi wabo, ngakho baphendukela ekuxazululeni inkinga ngokuntula izigaxa bebodwa.

Amathuluzi adingekayo kanye nemishini

Ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi ohambisanayo, kufanele uqale uqinisekise ukuthi izinto zokwakha ezifanele namathuluzi ayatholakala. Ungabuka inqubo yokwenza amaketanga eqhwa kuvidiyo, kodwa ukungasebenzi kwamavidiyo ukuntula ulwazi mayelana nemishini edingekayo.

Ukuze wenze i-Ladder chain elula, uzodinga izinto ezilandelayo:

1. Iketanga lensimbi. Ubukhulu bokuqiniswa kufanele okungenani bube ngu-5 mm.
2. Ama-carabiners ane-clutch kanye nentambo. Imikhiqizo enama-latches ayifanele ukwenziwa kwe-lug.
3. I-chain tensioner.
4. Amabhawudo, amantongomane namawasha.
5. Izingwegwe.

Ukuze kwenziwe amaketanga eqhwa, ama-carabiners ane-clutch nentambo ayadingeka

Indaba eyinhloko iketanga, ubude balo ngamasondo amabili aphakathi nendawo enobubanzi obuyi-R15 kufanele okungenani bube ngamamitha ayi-15. Ukuthenga iketango ngokwehlukana nokwenza i-lug ngokwakho kubiza kakhulu kunokuthenga umkhiqizo osuphelile.

Ukwenza ama-lugs, uzodinga futhi isethi yamathuluzi:

• Iphini;
• IsiBulgaria esinombuthano wensimbi;
• Isilinganiso sethayi;
• Isando;
• Ama-Wrenches okuqinisa ama-bolts namantongomane.

Njengoba ubona, isitokwe sezinto zokwakha namathuluzi asibalulekile, ngakho-ke emva kokulungiselela, ungaqala ukwenza amaketanga eqhwa.

Imfundo yesinyathelo-by-step

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ibandakanya lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Isilinganiso sesiyingi sethaya. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze wenze izindandatho ezimbili ezivela ochungechungeni lobubanzi obufanele. Nali iphuzu elilodwa elibalulekile: ubude kufanele bube kangangokuthi uchungechunge lulele engxenyeni yobubanzi bebha, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.
   

   Ukuze unqume ubude beketango, kuyadingeka ukuvala iketango phakathi nendawo ecatshangwayo yesondo

2. Ubude obudingekayo beketanga buyanqunywa, ngemva kwalokho ingxenye yamaketanga ixhunywe kusetshenziswa ama-carabiners anentambo. Ingxenye yesibili yeketanga ilungiselelwe ubude obufanayo.
3. Ukwenziwa kwezixhumanisi eziphambanayo. Ukusebenzisa i-tape isilinganiso, isilinganiso siyathathwa, ngemva kwalokho isinqumo senziwe ngenani elidingekayo lezixhumanisi. Uma sikhulu inani lezixhumanisi ezinjalo, ngcono i-patency, kodwa ngisho nalokhu kuzodinga ubude beketanga elide. Inombolo yezixhumanisi nayo inqunywa kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu besondo. Inani labo eliphelele izingcezu eziyi-8.
   

   Ukuze unqume ububanzi bezixhumanisi eziphambene, kuyadingeka ukuthatha isilinganiso nge-tape measure

4. Zonke izixhumanisi kufanele zibe nosayizi ofanayo. Kuzo zombili iziphetho zezixhumanisi udinga ukulungisa i-carabiner. Amabhawudo, amantongomane namawasha angasetshenziswa esikhundleni sama-carabiners.
   

   Uma engekho ama-carabiners, izixhumanisi zingalungiswa ngama-bolts, amantongomane nama-washers.

5. Ubude bezixhumanisi kufanele bube ngendlela yokuthi iketanga esondweni liqine kahle. Uma ubude bubude, bangandiza bahambe.
6. Lapho inombolo edingekayo yezixhumanisi isilungile, ungaqala ukuhlanganisa. Umhlangano kufanele wenziwe ukuze isixhumanisi ngasinye sibekwe ebangeni elifanayo ukusuka kwedlule.
   

   Ukuze kusetshenziswe amaketango ngendlela efanele, ibanga phakathi kwezixhumanisi eziseduze kufanele licishe lifane.

7. Lapho umkhiqizo uhlanganiswa, ungazama esondweni. Ukuze ubeke amaketanga eqhwa esondweni, uzodinga iziphethu zensimbi noma irabha. Iziphethu zingaqedwa ngezingwegwe ukuze kube lula ukufakwa komkhiqizo.
   

   Ukwenza lula ukufakwa kwamaketanga, amabhande enjoloba anezingwegwe ekugcineni asetshenziswa.

8. Esikhundleni seziphethu nenjoloba, ezinye izinto ezinwebekayo zingasetshenziswa njengama-tensioners. Isimo esiyinhloko ukuthi imikhiqizo kufanele ilungise ngokuphepha uchungechunge lweqhwa esondweni. Umphumela uwumkhiqizo wefomu elilandelayo:

Ngokugcinwa okufanele kwemiyalelo, umklamo wesifunda olandelayo kufanele utholakale

Idivayisi enjalo eyenziwe ekhaya ayithathi isikhala esiningi esiqwini, futhi ngeke ithathe amahora angaphezu kwama-2 ukuyenza. Ngokufanisa, iketango lenzelwe isondo lesibili. Kuma-SUV adonsa ngawo wonke amasondo, amaketango kumele agqokwe kuwo wonke amasondo. Ezimotweni ze-mono-drive, amaketanga atholakala kuphela kumasondo okushayela.

Izici zokufakwa emotweni

Ukwenza amaketanga kuyingxenye yempi. Manje udinga ukuzifaka kahle emotweni. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwenza lokhu. Eyokuqala yalokhu ihilela ukugqekeza imoto. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umshayeli kufanele enze lezi zindlela zokukhwabanisa:

1. Ngaphambi kwesithiyo, kufanele ume endaweni eqinile, bese usetha imoto ngesivinini sokuqala bese ucindezela ibhuleki lesandla;
2. Ukusebenzisa i-jack, udinga ukulenga ingxenye yemoto ohlela ukufaka kuyo iketanga;
3. Ngokushesha nje lapho isondo lilenga ngaphandle, kufanele uqhubeke nokufakwa kwe-lug;
4. Le nqubo ivamise ukuthatha imizuzu eyi-10-15 esondweni elilodwa. Kulesi simo, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iketanga liboshwe ngokuphephile.

Umkhiqizo ufakwe ngendlela efanayo ohlangothini lwesibili futhi, uma kunesidingo, kuwo wonke amasondo amane. Inketho yesibili ifaka ukufaka iketanga ngaphandle kokuphakamisa amasondo:

1. Udinga ukuma, bese ubeka amaketanga ezinhlangothini zombili phambi kwamasondo.
2. Gijimani emaketangeni uye phakathi nosayizi wawo.
3. Bopha umkhiqizo kusuka ngaphakathi ngehhuku noma i-carabiner.
4. Qondisa isixhumanisi ngasinye, bese uxhuma isilungisi sokushuba.

Uma ungekho ujeke, kungenzeka ukuthi ugijime emaketangeni alele phansi

Lolu khetho lubonakala lulula, kodwa empeleni akunjalo. Ngemuva kokufaka iketanga esondweni, udinga ukushayela amamitha ambalwa, bese ulungisa ukungezwani. Khona-ke ungakwazi ukuhlasela izithiyo.

Ukuhlolwa kochungechunge lweqhwa

Umshini okhiqiziwe kumele uhlolwe ukuthi uyasebenza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uthembekile nokusebenza kwawo. Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuphumelela komkhiqizo akuxhomekile kuphela enanini lezixhumanisi ezitholakalayo, kodwa futhi nobukhulu beketanga elisetshenzisiwe. Uma usayizi weketanga umkhulu, ikhwalithi ephezulu yobunikazi bemoto iphakama.

Ukuhlola uchungechunge lweqhwa, kwanele ukulinda isimo sezulu esibi, bese uphuthuma endaweni lapho kungekho khona ithrafikhi. Ngemva kokufaka iketanga emasondweni okushayela, kuyadingeka ukunqoba izithiyo ezihlukahlukene ngendlela yamaslayidi eqhwa, izingxenye ezineqhwa ebusweni bomgwaqo, kanye namaxhaphozi. Ngemva kokunqoba isithiyo ngasinye, kuyadingeka ukuhlola izici zendawo yomkhiqizo ngamasondo.

Ibalulekile! Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ukulimala kwezixhumanisi zamaketanga kungase kwenzeke, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi uhlola isimo sabo njalo.

Uma ngemuva kokuhlola imiphumela ijabulisa iso, khona-ke ungazama ukunqoba izithiyo ngaphandle kwamaketanga kumasondo. Umphumela uzomangaza ngokuqinisekile, futhi amaketanga eqhwa azoba isici esibalulekile esiqwini semoto yakho.

Njengesiphetho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amaketanga eqhwa awafakiwe nhlobo ukuze imoto igqame emgwaqeni. Ngaphezu kwekhono elithuthukisiwe lokuwela izwe, amaketanga aqinisekisa ukuphepha komshayeli nabagibeli emgwaqeni esimweni sezulu esibi. Ngokuba khona kwamadivayisi anjalo emasondweni emoto, unethuba lokunqoba isithiyo noma uphunyuke ekukhukhuleni kweqhwa.

Izingxoxo zivaliwe kuleli khasi