Amaketanga amasondo

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zomgwaqo, amandla emoto awanele. Ingxenye yomgwaqo eneqhwa, umqansa ombozwe uqweqwe lweqhwa, ingxenye enodaka - amaketanga agibele amasondo angasiza kuzo zonke lezi zimo. "Izesekeli" ezinjalo zamasondo zenza imoto ibe nezakhiwo ezingaphandle komgwaqo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wamaketanga eqhwa wezimoto ukuthuthukisa ukunamathela kwamasondo endaweni yomgwaqo.

Inhloso yamaketanga ukukhulisa kakhulu izakhiwo zokubamba zamasondo

Amaketanga eqhwa - incazelo

Ngokusebenza, amaketanga amasondo (noma, ukunemba kakhudlwana, amaketanga eqhwa) empeleni ayindlela ekhishwayo ekuvumela ukuthi uguqule ithayi lomgwaqo elivamile libe isondo elingaphandle komgwaqo. Ngokwesakhiwo, iyiketango, elivame ukuqiniswa, elixhunywe ekubopheni isondo ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke isiyingi. Lo mklamo uqukethe amaketanga amabili ama-longitudinal noma izintambo, zangaphandle nangaphakathi, ezidlula nxazonke zesondo, ezixhunywe ngamaketanga aguquguqukayo noma "izitobhi" zenjoloba.

Inhloso yamaketanga ukukhulisa kakhulu izakhiwo zokubamba zamasondo (futhi, ngenxa yalokho, i-patency yemoto) eqhweni, iqhwa elixekethile, udaka olujulile, njll. Ngokwenza lokhu, lokhu kungase kubonakale kanje. Uma uyodoba, ushayela i-100 km endaweni yetiyela emathayini ajwayelekile, bese ujikela emgwaqeni wasemaphandleni, lapho kuqala khona “umgwaqo onzima”. Amaketanga amasondo abe esenamathiselwa futhi ungaqhubekela phambili, mancane kakhulu amathuba okuthi ugaye noma ubhajwe odakeni. Futhi izindawo ezinjengokuthi, ukukhuphuka okuneqhwa, ngaphandle kwamaketanga amasondo, kunzima kakhulu ukuzinqoba ngisho nakumathayi agcwele.

Idivayisi

Ngokuya ngesakhiwo samaketanga e-anti-skid, amasondo ahlukaniswe ngokwemibandela abe athambile futhi aqinile. Kokubili elokuqala nelesibili amaketango amabili angama-longitudinal noma izintambo ezinwetshwe kuwo wonke umzungezo wesondo. Izindlebe ezikhonjiwe nezenjoloba (zepulasitiki) zeluliwe phakathi kwazo.

Ama-Transoms angatholakala kokubili ngendlela yama-rhombuses noma ama-honeycombs, kanye nesiteji. Ngayinye yezinketho ezihlongozwayo in arsenal yayo izinzuzo ezinhle kanye nebubi. Iladi lithuthukise amakhono okugwedla. Yingakho lolu cingo lusetshenziswa kangcono ukunqoba izinhlobo ezahlukene zezindawo ezinokungcola okwenyukayo. Kodwa-ke, isondo elifakwe lolu hlobo lwe-snow chain nalo linemibi ethile, njengoba lijwayele ukucwila.

Amaketanga eqhwa anephethini yekhekhe lezinyosi ahlukahlukene kakhulu

Ngakho-ke, ukugibela amasondo anjalo e-shod kungenzeka kuphela "ukushayela". Akhona nezinye izinto eziyingozi ezingaphazamisa imoto yomshayeli ngandlela thize. Okokuqala, kunemibandela yokwenyuka kwamasondo. Futhi, lapho ushayela ngamasondo anjalo, ukuzinza kwe-lateral yemoto kuyoba phansi kakhulu. Futhi ekugcineni, ngendlela embi kakhulu, lawa madivayisi athinta isiteringi kanye nebhokisi lamagiya. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamaketanga eqhwa kubeka imithwalo esindayo kulezi zinhlelo.

Amaketango eqhwa anamasondo anephethini yekhekheba lezinyosi ahlukahlukene kakhulu futhi ane-oda lobukhulu nomthelela omubi omncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye zemoto ngeke zinqotshwe imithwalo enjalo ephezulu, futhi amathayi azohlala isikhathi eside. Ngokungafani nezitebhisi zalolu hlobo, ama-braces anganikeza ukuzinza okuhle kwe-lateral yemoto, njengoba kukhona ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo nobuso ngesikhathi sokunyakaza.

amaphutha

Yebo, ngenxa yamaketanga, i-patency yemoto iyanda, kodwa ukuphatha kubi. Umshini uba njengogandaganda, isivinini esivunyelwe sokuhamba kwawo siyancishiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imoto ithola i-oversteer ebonakalayo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthatha uhambo, kunconywa ukuzivumelanisa nezinzwa ezintsha ezimweni ezijwayelekile.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamaketanga kuthinta ukuguga kwamasondo

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici ezilandelayo zingabalelwa ebunzimeni bamaketango:

• ukusetshenziswa kwamaketanga kuthinta ukugqoka kwamasondo;
• amaketanga enza umsindo omkhulu lapho ehamba.

Uma ukhetha phakathi kwezinhlobo zamaketanga eqhwa, yizo zenjoloba okufanele uhambe kuzo. Ukusebenza kokushayela kuzoba kubi kakhulu, kodwa umthelela emathayini nakwezinye izinto ngeke ube yingozi kangako. Futhi isivinini sokunyakaza sisakhululekile.

Ukukhiqiza

Akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthenga i-anti-slip device - intengo ephezulu kanye nokuntuleka kobukhulu obufanele kuphoqa abanikazi bezimoto ukuthi baxazulule lezi zinkinga ngokwabo. Mangisho ukuthi lokhu kuyindlela enhle kakhulu - zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo zihlala zitholakala ezitolo ze-hardware. Esimeni esibucayi, ungazama ukumane ugoqe isondo ngocingo noma ucezu lwensimbi, kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu ophethe ikhithi enjalo. Futhi, ohlelweni lwe-disc-type brake, le nketho inqatshelwe ngokwezigaba; umklamo onjalo uzophazamisa ukusebenza kwezinqubo.

Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukulungiselela kusengaphambili amaketanga enziwe ekhaya amasondo, ozowadinga:

• iketango lensimbi elinesiphambano okungenani esingu-5 mm;
• izandla;
• ama-carbines ajikelezayo;
• idivayisi yokwelula;
• amabhawodi, amantongomane namawasha.

Ubukhulu bezikhala buncike ebukhulu besondo elisetshenzisiwe, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukala kusengaphambili izinkomba ezifunayo. Inombolo yama-crossbars nayo ingumuntu ngamunye: amakhosi atusa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona "ama-crossbar" amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa endizeni yokuxhumana kwesondo nomhlabathi.

Ngenxa yalolu hlelo, izici zokudonsa nokuthembeka kwawo wonke umkhiqizo kuzokwanda. Inqubo yezenzo zokulungiselela nokuhlanganisa amaketanga kumasondo ngezandla zakho iqukethe amaphuzu alandelayo:

• ukusika izikhala ze-longitudinal;
• ukusika okuphambene;
• lungisa isici esiphambene kusixhumanisi sesithupha seketango le-longitudinal;
• ukufakwa "kweziphambano" ezilandelayo kuzo zonke izixhumanisi eziyi-9 zisebenzisa izindandatho noma izingwegwe;
• phakathi nendawo yokusebenza ye-longitudinal, lungisa ingxenye ehlanganisa izixhumanisi ezi-6 kanye ne-lanyard enehhuku.

Njengoba kubonakala encazelweni, ngekhono nethuluzi elithile, ukusebenza ngeke kuthathe imizuzu engaphezu kwengu-40. Labo abanolwazi lokushisela bangakusebenzisa futhi balahle ukuxhumana okufakwe imicu, okuzothinta ikhwalithi yemishini.

Indlela yokufaka amaketanga

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokubeka amaketanga esondweni:

• Inketho yokuqala ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwe-jack. Ngosizo lwayo, imoto iphakama, i-lug ifakwe esondweni lokumiswa. Ekugcineni, ukwethembeka kokulungiswa kuyahlolwa futhi inqubo iphindaphindiwe kwelinye isondo.
• Indlela yesibili iphakamisa ukubeka amaketanga phambi kwamasondo, ukuwaholela phakathi futhi kuqala ukuvikela ngaphakathi, bese kuba ngaphandle. Okulandelayo, udinga ukusabalalisa izixhumanisi ngokulinganayo, ukushayela cishe amamitha angu-20-30, ume futhi ulungise ukungezwani.

Uma imoto inamasondo amane, amaketanga afakwa kuwo wonke amasondo. Kwezinye izimo, kwanele ukuwagqoka kuphela kubaholi.

Amaketanga eqhwa azosiza ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Kodwa uma imoto isebenza ngaphakathi kwedolobha, kwanele ukufaka amathayi akhethekile.

Amathiphu wokusebenzisa

Gwema ukweqa isivinini esiphezulu (esiboniswe umenzi), ukubhuleka kungazelelwe, ukwenza amasu asuke engazelele. Hambisa futhi ukhuphule isivinini ngokushelela. Uma kungenjalo, iketango lizohluleka ngokushesha.

Amaketanga afakwe emathayini anezinga elivamile lokucindezela. Unganciphisi umfutho wesondo lapho ufaka amaketanga; lokhu kuzokwandisa ingozi yokuphuka.

Uma iketango lonakele, yima ngokushesha futhi ulisuse. Uma kungenjalo, iketango elinjalo lingalimaza kakhulu isondo, izingxenye zesistimu ye-brake noma ukumiswa.

Ngaphambi kokufaka ngakunye, hlola ngokucophelela iketanga: izingidi nezixhumanisi kufanele zibe sesimweni esihle.

Umlando wamaketanga eqhwa

Ngokokuqala ngqa amaketanga emasondweni ngendlela yawo evamile abonakala phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho, ukuze kwandiswe i-patency, amaketanga aqala ukuxhunyaniswa namasondo amaloli avamile, okwandisa kakhulu amathuba okusebenzisa imoto ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu zomgwaqo.

Kuze kube muva nje, lesi sisekeli besaziwa kakhulu kubashayeli bezimoto ezisindayo, ikakhulukazi labo abasebenza eNyakatho Ekude, kanye nama-jeeper adlulele abathanda ngempela ukunqoba amathrekhi anzima kakhulu, acishe angahambeki.

Namuhla, lesi sisekeli saziwa kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zabashayeli, ikakhulukazi labo abavame ukushayela ezimweni ezinzima: abadobi, abazingeli, abasebenzi bezolimo, izakhamuzi zasemakhaya, lapho, njengoba wazi, izinga lemigwaqo lishiya okuningi. okufiselekayo kanye nezinye izigaba eziningi zabashayeli.