I-Café de la Régence - inhloko-dolobha ye-chess emhlabeni
Okuqukethwe
I-Parisian Café de la Régence edumile yaba ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX nelesi-XNUMX iMecca yabalandeli bomdlalo wasebukhosini. I-chess elite yaseYurophu yahlangana lapha. Izikhathi ezijwayelekile zalesi sikhungo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-encyclopedist uJean Jacques Rousseau, usopolitiki oqinile uMaximilian Robespierre kanye noNapoleon Bonaparte, umbusi wakusasa wamaFulentshi. Nsuku zonke phakathi nosuku nakusihlwa, abadlali abambalwa bezinga eliphezulu be-chess babehlanganyela endaweni yokudlela.
Ngesilinganiso okuvunyelwene ngaso, "osolwazi be-chess" badlale nawo wonke umuntu noma babanikeze izifundo. Ikhefi esePalais Royal, eduze kwaseLouvre, yasungulwa ngo-1681 ngumgulukudu ogama lakhe linguLefebvre. Ekuqaleni yayibizwa ngokuthi iCafé de Palais-Royal, kwathi ngo-1718 yashintsha igama layo yaba I-Cafe Regency.
Inganekwane ithi isizathu sokushintsha igama kwaba ukuvakashelwa njalo kwe-regent, iNkosana uPhilippe d'Orléans, ehlatshwe umxhwele ubuhle bomfazi womnikazi omusha we-cafe, owahlala endaweni ngemuva kweLefebvre. UPhilip Orlyansky wayengumbusi ngesikhathi esemncane uLouis XV, eminyakeni engu-1715-1723 ukubusa kwakhe kwakuyisikhathi sokuqhakaza okumangalisayo kwezakhiwo zaseFrance, imidwebo nemidwebo. UPhilip wayaziwa nangokuziphatha kwakhe, okwephula yonke imihlangano emikhulu nemikhuba yasenkantolo.
Chess Capital of the World
I-chess elite yayivame ukuhlangana futhi ichithe izinsuku zabo ezindaweni zokudlela, okuhlanganisa u-Kermer de Legal kanye nomfundi wakhe u-François Philidor. Kubadlali abaningi abahamba phambili be-chess, imidlalo yasezitolo zokudlela ibiwumthombo obalulekile wemali engenayo, ngoba ibidlalelwa kakhulu imali. Ngakho-ke, singazama ukusho ukuthi ukuthambekela komuntu ukugembula kube nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-chess. I-cafe ayidlali imali kuphela, kodwa futhi yabeka imiphumela yemidlalo ngayinye.
Ngalezo zinsuku, igama elithi "cafemaster" linencazelo ehluke ngokuphelele kunamanje. Wayengumdlali onamandla owayeziphilisa ngokudlala i-chess. "Umpetha" onjalo wayenekhono lokuhlola ngokushesha amandla omphikisi lapho enikeza umdlalo ngemali, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo wayefuna izinkundla. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX, inkosi I-Cafe Regency ngokuvamile wayengumdlali onamandla kunabo bonke ezweni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nasemhlabeni.
Ngo-1750, umdlali we-chess waseFrance u-Kermer de Legal, wabhekwa njengomdlali onamandla kunabo bonke eFrance kuze kube yilapho umfundi wakhe uFrançois Philidor emhlula, wadlala enye yama-miniatures adume kakhulu emlandweni we-chess eCafé de la Régence. Le nhlangano yayiyisihloko se-operetta Der Seekadett (Navy Cadet) eyabhalwa uRichard Genet ngo-1887.
Isikhundla esikhonjiswe kuMdwebo 1 sidalwe ngokunyakaza okune nje: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.Bc4 Bg4 4.Nc3 g6? Umnyama uqinisekile ukuthi ibhuloho elimhlophe elithi f3 liphiniwe, kodwa leli iphinikhodi elingu-5.S: e5! G: d1?? Omnyama kufanele amukele ukulahlekelwa i-pawn futhi avikele inkosi ku-5… Be6 noma 5… d: e5, kodwa noma kunjalo angayiboni ingozi ka-6. G: f7 + Ke7 7. Nd5 # (umdwebo 2).
1. Kermeur de Legal - Saint-Brie, Café de la Régence, 1750; isikhundla ngo-4… g6?
2. Kermeur de Legal - Saint-Brie, Café de la Régence, 1750; Matt Legal
3. UFrançois-André Danican Philidor ungumqambi waseFrance futhi ungumdlali we-chess omkhulu kakhulu wekhulu lesi-XNUMX.
Umfundi wezomthetho kanye nesivakashi esivame ukuvakashela ikhefi kwakungu-(1726-1795), umdlali wechess ovelele wekhulu lesi-3 (XNUMX). Encwadini yakhe ethi "L'analyse des Echecs" ("Ukuhlaziywa komdlalo we-chess"), eyadlula izinhlelo ezingaphezu kwekhulu, waguqula ukuqonda kwe-chess. Umcabango wakhe odume kakhulu uqukethwe isisho esaziwayo esithi “ama-pawns are the soul of the game”, sigcizelela ukubaluleka kokudlala okufanele kwezidladla kuzo zonke izigaba zomdlalo.
W I-Cafe Regency abalingani bakhe abavamile ebhodini kwakunguVoltaire noJean-Jacques Rousseau. Ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, waziswa njengomculi nomqambi, washiya ama-opera angamashumi amabili! Ekuvuleni ithiyori, inkumbulo kaPhilidor igcinwe egameni lokunye kokuvula, iPhilidor Defense: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6. Izinga likaPhilidor lokudlala belingaphezulu kwelabantu besikhathi sakhe kangangoba kusukela eneminyaka engu-21 ubedlala izimbangi zakhe ezinkundleni kuphela.
Abamele i-Parisian intelligentsia - ababhali, izintatheli kanye nosopolitiki - bahlangana endaweni yokudlela. UVoltaire noRousseau okukhulunywe ngabo ngenhla, kanye noDenis Diderot, babevame ukuhlala lapha. Lesi sakamuva sabhala: "IParis iyindawo emhlabeni, kanti iCafé de la Régence iyindawo eseParis lapho i-chess idlalwa khona ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu."
Ikhefi iphinde yavakashelwa isithandwa sechess uBenjamin Franklin kanye noMbusi wase-Austrian uJoseph I, abahambe ngokungaziwa benqamula eFrance ngaphansi kwegama elithathwa njengelikaNkosana Falkenstein. Ngo-1780, uMbusi waseRussia uPaul I, indodana kaCatherine Omkhulu, wavakashela lapha. Ngo-1798 I-Cafe Regency Napoleon Bonaparte. Itafula lemabula, lapho umbusi wesikhathi esizayo ehlezi khona, lahlala endaweni yokuhlonipha e-cafe iminyaka eminingi ngesichasiselo esihambisanayo.
4. Umdlalo we-chess odumile owadlalwa ngo-1843 eCafé de la Régence no-Howard Staunton kanye no-Pierre Charles Fourier Saint-Aman.
Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lesi-XNUMX, abadlali be-chess ababethathwa njengabashampeni bomhlaba abangekho emthethweni badlala eCafé de la Régence: u-Alexandre Deschapelles, uLouis de la Bourdonnet noPierre Saint-Amand. Ngeminyaka engu-XNUMX ngabadlali be-chess abahamba phambili emhlabeni I-Cafe Regency amaNgisi aqala ukuncintisana.
Ngo-1834, kwaqala umdlalo wokungabikho phakathi kwabamele ikhefi kanye neWestminster Chess Club, eyasungulwa eminyakeni emithathu ngaphambili.
Ngo-1843, kwadlalwa umdlalo e-cafe, owaqeda ukubusa kwesikhathi eside kwabadlali be-chess baseFrance. UPierre Saint-Aman uhlulwe yiNgisi uHoward Staunton (+6 -11 = 4). Umdwebi ongumFulentshi uJean-Henri Marlet, umngane oseduze kaPierre Saint-Amand, wapenda ngo-1843 umdwebo othi "The Game of Chess", lapho uStaunton edlala khona noSaint-Amand ekhefi "Regence" (4).
5. Izixuku zabathandi be-chess eCafé de la Régence
Ngo-1852, mayelana nomsebenzi wokwakha ezungeze i-Louvre, i-cafe yathuthelwa eDodun Hotel e-21 rue Richelieu, kwathi ngo-1855, yabuyela endaweni yomlando (rue Saint-Honoré 161), igcina yayo. imininingwane. umlingiswa kanye nekhasimende langaphambili (5). Ngaleso sikhathi, i-cafe yathola ingaphakathi elisha, kuhlanganise ne-chess motifs njenge-Bust of Philidor.
I-Cafe Regency babone imicimbi eminingi ebalulekile yezemidlalo. NgoSepthemba 27, 1858, uPaul Morphy wadlala iseshini yokuvala amehlo ngesikhathi esisodwa nabadlali abayisishiyagalombili abaqinile be-chess baseParis, wathola umphumela omuhle kakhulu - ukuwina okuyisithupha nokudonsa kabili (6).
6. U-Paul Morphy udlala impumputhe nabadlali abayisishiyagalombili be-chess baseParis abaqinile.
I-Simultana yathatha amahora angu-10, phakathi naleso sikhathi uMorphy wayengadli noma engaphuzi lutho. Lapho ephuma esakhiweni ngemva kokuqedwa, isixuku esishisekayo sajabulisa umpetha we-chess kangangokuthi i-Imperial Guard yaqiniseka ukuthi sekuqubuke inguquko entsha. Ngakusasa ekuseni, u-Morphy wakhipha ngekhanda iminyakazo yayo yonke imidlalo eyisishiyagalombili edlaliwe, kanye namakhulu okuhlukahluka okungenzeka okuvele phakathi nomdlalo wamahora amabili. Ngo-Ephreli 1859, e-cafe kwaba nedili lokuvalelisa lokuhlonipha inkosi yaseMelika eyahlula abadlali abaningi be-chess baseYurophu.
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, i-cafe kancane kancane yalahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwayo njengesikhungo se-chess, nakuba yayiseyindawo yemicimbi ebalulekile ye-chess futhi isingatha abadlali abaningi abavelele be-chess. Yaguqulwa yaba indawo yokudlela ngo-1910 futhi iningi labadlali be-chess lanquma ukuthuthela eCafé de l'Univers ngo-1916.
7. Isakhiwo esasihlala iCafé de la Régence.
Namuhla ngo I-Cafe Regency I-chess ayisadlalwa, ukuqhunyiswa kukaPhilidor kanye netafula lapho uBonaparte osemncane eqhudelana khona kunyamalele. "Ithempeli le-chess" langaphambili lihlala Ihhovisi Likazwelonke Lezokuvakasha laseMorocco (7). Kunamakhefi amaningi amahle eduze, kodwa awekho afana nabadlali be-chess abasetshenziselwa ukuhlangana.
U-Jan-Krzysztof Duda oneminyaka engu-17 ungumpetha womhlaba oyisekela elingaphansi kweminyaka engama-20!
U-Jan-Krzysztof Duda uthole enye impumelelo enkulu lapho ewina indondo yesiliva ku-World Junior Chess Championship U20, owawungo-1 kuya mhla ziyi-16 kuMandulo eKhanty-Mansiysk, idolobha laseRussia eSiberia. I-Pole ihole imizuliswano eminingana kanti besekusele kancane iwine umqhudelwano wonke.
Ngenxa yalokho, emidlalweni eyishumi nantathu edlaliwe, wathola amaphuzu angu-10, inombolo efanayo nomnqobi uMikhail Antipov waseRussia (8).
8. Ngaphambi komdlalo wabadlali ababili abahamba phambili beWorld Chess Championship U20
U-Duda wahlangana no-Antipov ngonyaka omdala kunaye emzuliswaneni we-9 (8th). UmRashiya wayehlonipha i-Pole futhi, edlala noBlack, wazama ukuzuza umdwebo. UDuda uthole ithuba elincane, kodwa umRashiya wavikela kahle futhi umdlalo waphela zibambene.
Emzuliswaneni wokugcina, u-Antipov wanqoba ngempumelelo umdlalo olahlekile futhi wathola amaphuzu angu-0,5 avela ku-Pole, owadonsa kuphela. Umqhudelwano wanqunywa kuphela amaphuzu amathathu asizayo, okuthi, ngeshwa, angahambisani nomdlali wethu we-chess wase-Wieliczka.
Nokho iPole ayizange ihlulwe nowodwa umdlalo kulo mqhudelwano, inqobe eyisikhombisa yadlala ngokulingana kweyisithupha. Ngemuva kokuphela komqhudelwano uthe: “Ngisalelwe iminyaka emithathu ngidlala kule minyaka futhi ngeke ngiphuthelwe.
Njengamanje, u-Jan-Krzysztof Duda ukleliswe endaweni yesithathu emhlabeni ohlwini lwe-FIDE phakathi kwabancane abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-17, ngaphambi kwakhe kuphela yi-Chinese Wei Yi kanye no-Russian Vladislav Artemiev.
