I-C1 Ariite yesimanje

U-Ariete unamandla okuqhumisa phezulu, okungenzeka alingane no-Abrams noma i-Leopard 2 ngesibhamu se-44-caliber, ngokusobala engacabangi izici zezinhlamvu kanye nemingcele yesistimu yokulawula umlilo.

I-C1 Ariete MBT yangena enkonzweni ne-Esercito Italiano (Amasosha Amasosha ase-Italy) ngo-1995, ingxenye yesine yekhulu leminyaka edlule. Amasosha ase-Italy azowasebenzisa enye ishumi leminyaka, ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi uhlelo oluphelele lwesimanje lusanda kuqala, oluzokwenziwa yi-CIO consortium (Consorzio FIAT-Iveco - Oto Melara), i.e. umenzi wezimoto.

Asikho isidingo sokufihla ukuthi u-Ariete usekhulile. Yadalwa ngenxa yesidingo samabutho aphansi ase-Italy sethangi lempi eliyinhloko lesimanje, elaklanywa ngokuzimela futhi elakhiwe lesizukulwane sesi-3, ngaphansi kwezidingo ezadalwa maphakathi nawo-80s. Ngawo-70s, amasosha ase-Italy. waqala ukucabangela ukuthengwa kwamathangi angaphandle (i-M47 ne-M60 engenisiwe, kanye ne-Leopardy 1/A1/A2 engenisiwe futhi enelayisensi) enesidingo esiphezulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo amandla emboni yabo yezimoto, lo mkhuba awunanzuzo. Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho okutholwe ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwelayisensi ye-Leopard 1A2 ngo-1977, u-Oto Breda no-FIAT baqala ukusebenza ethangini le-OF-40 ("O" lika-Oto Breda, "F" elithi "FIAT", "40" ngesisindo esilindelekile. , okwakufanele kube amathani angama-40, nakuba yeqiwe). I-prototype, ephefumulelwe ngokucacile yi-Leopard 1 (futhi ayifani ekusebenzeni), yahlolwa ngo-1980 futhi yathengwa ngokushesha yi-United Arab Emirates. Ngo-1981-1985 bathola amathangi ayi-18 kusisekelo seMod. 1, okufanayo ku-mod. 2 (okubandakanya izinto ezintsha zokubuka kanye nezihloselwe) kanye nezimoto ezintathu ezisekela ubuchwepheshe. Kube yimpumelelo encane, ama-howitzers angama-40-mm e-Palmaria azenzela umathanda, athuthukiswe kusetshenziswa i-chassis ye-OF-155, athengiswa izingcezu ezingama-235 eLibya naseNigeria (i-Argentina yathenga imibhoshongo eyengeziwe engama-20, eyayifakwe ku-chassis wethangi le-TAM). I-OF-40 ngokwayo ayibatholanga abanye abathengi, futhi ukuthuthukiswa komklamo kwagcina kumisiwe ngo-1997 nge-mod prototype ethuthuke ngokujulile. 2A. Noma kunjalo, ukuthuthukiswa kwesimanje ngokuphelele - ngandlela thile - ithangi e-Italy kwakubhekwa njengempumelelo, futhi kakade ngo-1982 kwaqala ukulungiswa izidingo ethembisa Esercito Italiano ithangi.

I-tank yase-Italy ayilona elibi kakhulu mayelana nokuhamba. Injini, ebuthaka kuneminye imiklamo eqhudelanayo, ilungiswa ngesisindo esilula.

C1 Ariite - umlando, intuthuko kanye nezinkinga

Ekuqaleni, amanye amasosha ase-Italy ayenokungabaza ngomqondo wokuzakhela ithangi lawo, encike kakhulu ekuthengeni iLeopard 2 entsha eJalimane. Kodwa-ke, "ikamu lokushisekela izwe" lanqoba futhi ngo-1984 izidingo zemoto entsha zenziwa. okubaluleke kakhulu okuyizi: izikhali eziyinhloko ngesimo sesibhamu esibushelelezi esingu-120 mm; i-SKO yesimanje; izikhali eziqinile zisebenzisa izikhali ezikhethekile (esikhundleni sezembatho zensimbi ezisetshenziswe ngaphambilini); isisindo esingaphansi kwamathani angama-50; izici ezinhle zokudonsa; i-ergonomics ethuthukisiwe kanye nokusebenziseka kalula okukhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa komshini, othole ukuqokwa kwe-OF-45 kulesi sigaba, kwaphathiswa u-Oto Melara kanye ne-Iveco-FIAT, eyayivele yakha i-consortium ukuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa amanye amasondo esimanje (kamuva i-Centauro) kanye nezimoto zokulwa ezilandelwayo (i-Dardo). ) ngezinhloso zabo. ibutho lakho. Ama-prototypes amahlanu noma ayisithupha akhiwa phakathi kuka-1986 no-1988, afana kakhulu nemoto yokukhiqiza yesikhathi esizayo. Imoto kwakulindeleke ukuthi iqale ukusebenza ngo-1990 noma ngo-1991, kodwa imizamo yabambezeleka futhi lokhu kwagubuzelwa izinkinga zezimali zoMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-Italy ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Ikusasa i-C1 Ariete ("C" yethi "Carro armato", okusho ukuthi "ithangi", i-ariete esho "inqama nenqama") yayihlelelwe ekuqaleni ukuthi ikhiqizwe ngamanani angama-700 - eyanele ukuthatha indawo engaphezu kuka-1700 M47s kanye nama-M60, futhi, ngo- okungenani amanye amathangi e-Leopard 1300 angaphezu kuka-1. Ukuncishiswa okuvela ekupheleni kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi kwabonakala. Ingxenye yamathangi kwakuzothatha indawo yezimoto ezisekelayo ezinamasondo e-B1 Centauro, ezakhiwe ngokuhambisana ne-C1 Ariete kanye nemoto yokulwa elandelwa i-Dardo elandelwa umkhondo. Ekugcineni, ngo-1995 i-Esercito Italiano yafaka i-oda lamathangi okukhiqiza angama-200 kuphela. Ukulethwa kwaqedwa ngo-2002. Lezi zimoto zazisetshenziswa ama-armored regiments, amathangi angama-41 noma angama-44 lilinye (kuya ngomthombo). Lokhu bekuyi: 4° Reggimento carri ePersano, 31° Reggimento carri e-Lecce, 32° Reggimento carri e-Tauriano kanye no-132° Reggimento carri e-Coredenone. Akuzona zonke okwamanje ezinemishini evamile, futhi kwakuhlelwe ukuthi eyodwa ihlakazwe. Maphakathi nale minyaka eyishumi, bekufanele ngabe sekunezimoto ezingu-160 ohlwini. Le nombolo cishe yayihlanganisa ama-Arietes, asala esifundazweni saseScuola di Cavalleria eLecce, kanye nezikhungo zokuqeqesha abasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe. Abanye bayasindiswa.

Ithangi lase-Italy elingamathani angama-54 lakhiwe ngokwesakhiwo sakudala, linendawo yokuqondisa yangaphambili enesihlalo somshayeli ishintshelwe kwesokudla, indawo yokulwa ephakathi nendawo, embozwe i-turret (umkhuzi utholakala ngakwesokudla kwesibhamu, umdubuli uhlezi phambi kwakhe, futhi umlayishi uhlala kwesokunxele sendawo yesibhamu) nangemuva kwendawo yokulawula. I-Ariete inobude obungama-967 cm (ubude be-hull 759 cm), ububanzi obuyi-361 cm nokuphakama ophahleni lombhoshongo 250 cm (286 cm kuya phezulu kwensimbi ye-panoramic yomkhuzi), imvume yomhlabathi engama-44 cm. Imoto ihlome ngesibhamu i-Oto Breda smoothbore esingu-120 mm esinobude obungama-44 caliber nezinhlamvu ezingu-42 (kuhlanganise nezingu-15 eziphansi kubhasikidi we-turret) kanye nezibhamu ezimbili ezingu-7,62 mm Beretta MG 42/59 (eyodwa ihlanganiswe ku-cannon, enye ifakwe ebhentshini phezulu kwe-turret) ene-stock of 2500 rounds. Uhlu lwama-engeli okuphakama kwengalo eyinhloko lusuka ku-−9° ukuya ku-20°. Kwasetshenziswa i-biaxial electro-hydraulic stabilization system kanye nama-turret drives. Isistimu yokulawula umlilo i-OG14L3 TURMS (I-Tank Universal Reconfigurable Modular System), eyakhiwe nguGalileo Avionica (manje eyingxenye yokukhathazeka kukaLeonardo), kufanele kubhekwe njengesimanje ngesikhathi sokuqala kokukhiqiza, kuhlanganisa. sibonga ukuhlanganiswa kwedivayisi yokubuka indawo yomkhuzi enomugqa wokubona ozinzile we-biaxially kanye neshaneli yokubuka ebusuku engenzi lutho noma ukubona komdubuli ngeshaneli yasebusuku eshisayo.

Ukuxhumana kwangaphandle kunikezwa imisakazo emibili ye-SINCGARS (I-Single Channel Ground kanye ne-Airborne Radio System), ekhiqizwa ngaphansi kwelayisensi ngu-Selex (manje onguLeonardo).

Ibunzi le-hull kanye ne-turret (futhi ngokusho kwemithombo ethile, izinhlangothi, nakuba lokhu kungabaza kakhulu) zivikelwe izikhali ezigqinsiwe, yonke enye indiza yemoto ivikelwe izikhali zensimbi ezilinganayo.

Ugesi uqukethe injini ye-Iveco MTCA 12V enamandla angu-937 kW / 1274 hp. kanye ne-othomathikhi ye-ZF LSG 3000, ehlanganiswe ibe iyunithi yamandla. I-undercarriage inamasondo okushayela angemuva, amasondo ayisikhombisa amasondo omgwaqo amiswe emigoqweni ye-torsion, namasondo amane amasondo asekela igatsha eliphezulu lesibungu (Diehl / DST 840). I-undercarriage imbozwe ngokwengxenye isiketi esiyinhlanganisela esingasindi.

Ithangi lenza isivinini esingafika ku-65 km/h emgwaqeni oyitiyela, linqoba izithiyo zamanzi ezifika ku-1,25 m ukujula (kufika ku-3 m ngemuva kokulungiswa) futhi linohambo lokuhamba olufika ku-550 km.

Phakathi nenkonzo, "Ariete" yasetshenziswa, kuhlanganise nezimo ukulwa. ngesikhathi somsebenzi wokuzinzisa e-Iraq ngo-2003-2006 (I-Operation Antica Babylonia). Amanye amathangi, cishe angama-30, athola iphakheji ye-PSO (Peace Support Operation) ngaleso sikhathi, eyayihlanganisa izikhali ezengeziwe, izinhlangothi ze-hull (mhlawumbe ukufakwa kwakungamaphaneli e-NERA) kanye nengxenye engaphambili ye-turret (okungenzeka ukuthi amashidi ensimbi anobunzima obukhulu kakhulu) futhi amabhodi ayo (amamojula afana nalawo afakwe ku-hull). Ngaphezu kwalokho, la amathangi athola isibhamu sesibili somshini esisophahleni lombhoshongo, futhi zombili izikhundla zokudubula zazifakwe (ngesizotha kakhulu - ed.) ngesembozo. Isisindo saleyo moto yezikhali sasizokhuphuka sibe amathani angama-62. Amaphakheji e-VAR kanye ne-MPK (amelana nezimayini) nawo athuthukiswa. Ngaphandle kwe-Iraq, i-Esercito Italiano ayizange isebenzise i-Ariete ekulweni.

Ithangi linamaphutha amaningi. Okokuqala, lokhu kuyisivikelo esibi - izinhlangothi zemibhoshongo cishe zivikelwe ishidi lensimbi elifana nobukhulu obungaba ngu-80-100 mm, nezikhali ezikhethekile, ngokusho kwedatha esemthethweni, zihambisana kahle nezixazululo zayo (kanye nokusebenza kahle) amathangi aneminyaka eyishumi ubudala, njengeLeopard 2A4 noma i-M1A1. Ngakho-ke, ukungena kwezikhali ezinjalo namuhla akuyona inkinga ngisho nemicibisholo ye-kinetic anti-tank yamashumi amabili eminyaka edlule, futhi imiphumela yokushaywa ingaba buhlungu - izinhlamvu azihlukanisiwe nezisebenzi, ikakhulukazi ukunikezwa okulula. Ukusebenza kwezikhali zakho kunqunyelwe ukungaphumeleli okwanele kokushayela kwesistimu yokusimamisa, okubangela ukwehla okukhulu kokunemba lapho udubula ngesivinini esingaphezu kuka-20 km/h lapho ushayela ungekho emgwaqeni. Lokhu kushiyeka kufanele ngabe kulungisiwe ku-C90 Ariete Mod. 2 (kuhlanganise injini enamandla kakhulu, ukumiswa kwe-hydropneumatic, izikhali eziqinisiwe, i-SKO entsha, inganono entsha ene-automatic loader), kodwa imoto ayizange yakhiwe. Kwakhiwe nemoto yombonisi, ehlanganisa i-chassis yethangi le-Ariete ne-turret yemoto yokulwa enamasondo i-Centauro II (HITFACT-II). Lesi siphakamiso esiphikisana kakhulu, ngokusobala, asizange sihlangabezane nanoma yisiphi isithakazelo, ngakho-ke, ngokulindela isizukulwane esilandelayo se-MBT, amaNtaliyane asala kuphela ngesimanjemanje sezimoto emgqeni.

Isimanje

Kusukela okungenani ngo-2016, ulwazi beluzungeza ukuthi uMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-Italy unganquma ukuthuthukisa amathangi e-C1 Ariite we-MLU (Mid-Life Upgrade, ngokoqobo ephakathi nempilo). Umsebenzi womqondo kanye nezingxoxo ne-CIO consortium ekugcineni kwaqedwa ngo-August wonyaka odlule, lapho kusayinwa isivumelwano noMnyango Wezokuvikela waseRiphabhulikhi Yase-Italy sokwakhiwa kwama-prototypes amathathu ethangi lesimanje. Kufanele zilethwe ngo-2021, futhi ngemva kokuphela kokuhlolwa kwazo, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-serial kwemishini engu-125 kuzoqala (ngokweminye imibiko, "cishe i-150"). Ukulethwa kulindeleke ukuthi kuqedwe ngo-2027. Inani lenkontileka alizange lenziwe esidlangalaleni, kodwa abezindaba base-Italy balinganisela izindleko zomsebenzi ngo-2018 kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingu-20 kuma-prototypes amathathu kanye nama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-2,5 ngethangi ngalinye "lochungechunge". , okunganikeza izindleko eziphelele ezingaphansi kwama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-400. Nokho, uma ubheka ububanzi obuhleliwe bomsebenzi (bona ngezansi), lezi zilinganiso zibukelwa phansi ngandlela-thile.