Ikusasa in powder

Inkampani yaseSweden i-VBN Components ikhiqiza imikhiqizo yensimbi isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokwengeza isebenzisa impushana enezithasiselo, ikakhulukazi amathuluzi afana nokubhoboza nezinsimbi zokugaya. Ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D buqeda isidingo sokubumba nokwenza, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, futhi bunikeze abasebenzisi bokugcina ukukhetha okubanzi kwezinto zekhwalithi ephezulu.

Ukunikezwa kwezingxenye ze-VBN kuhlanganisa isb. Vibenite 290okuyinto, ngokwenkampani yaseSweden, iyinsimbi enzima kunazo zonke emhlabeni (72 HRC). Inqubo yokudala i-Vibenite 290 iwukuba kancane kancane ukwandisa ubulukhuni bezinto ezibonakalayo. Uma izingxenye ezidingekayo seziphrintiwe kusukela kule nto eluhlaza, akukho ukucubungula okunye ngaphandle kokugaya noma i-EDM edingekayo. Akudingeki ukusika, ukugaya noma ukumba. Ngakho-ke, inkampani idala izingxenye ezinobukhulu obufika ku-200 x 200 x 380 mm, i-geometry engakwazi ukukhiqizwa kusetshenziswa obunye ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza.

Insimbi ayidingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ithimba labacwaningi abavela kwa-HRL Laboratories lenze isisombululo sokuphrinta se-3D. ama-alloys e-aluminium ngamandla aphezulu. Kubizwa indlela nanofunctional. Kalula nje, indlela entsha ihlanganisa ukusebenzisa izimpushana ezikhethekile ezingasetshenzwa kuphrinta ye-3D, bese "i-sintered" ngezendlalelo ezincane ze-laser, okuholela ekukhuleni kwento enezinhlangothi ezintathu. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika nokuqinisa, izakhiwo ezibangelwayo azibhujiswa futhi zigcina amandla azo aphelele ngenxa ye-nanoparticles esebenza njengezikhungo ze-nucleation ze-microstructure ehlosiwe ye-alloy.

Ama-alloys anamandla aphezulu njenge-aluminium asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini enzima, ubuchwepheshe bezindiza (isb. fuselage) kanye nezingxenye zezimoto. Ubuchwepheshe obusha be-nanofunctionalization bubanika amandla aphezulu kuphela, kodwa futhi bubunjwa obuhlukahlukene nobukhulu.

Ukwengeza esikhundleni sokususa

Ezindleleni zendabuko zensimbi, imfucuza isuswa ngomshini. Inqubo yokwengeza isebenza ngokuhlehlayo - ihlanganisa ukusebenzisa kanye nokwengeza izendlalelo ezilandelanayo zenani elincane lempahla, okwenza izingxenye ze-XNUMXD cishe zanoma yimuphi umumo ngokusekelwe kumodeli yedijithali.

Yize le nqubo isivele isetshenziswa kabanzi kukho kokubili ukwenziwa kwe-prototyping kanye nokusakazwa kwamamodeli, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngokuqondile ekukhiqizeni izimpahla noma izisetshenziswa ezihloselwe imakethe kube nzima ngenxa yokusebenza kahle okuphansi kanye nezakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo ezingagculisi. Nokho, lesi simo siyashintsha kancane kancane ngenxa yomsebenzi wabacwaningi ezikhungweni eziningi emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngokuhlola okubuhlungu, ubuchwepheshe obubili obuyinhloko bokuphrinta kwe-XNUMXD buthuthukisiwe: ukufakwa kwe-laser kwensimbi (LMD) i ukuncibilika kwe-laser okukhethiwe (ULM). Ubuchwepheshe be-laser benza kube nokwenzeka ukudala ngokunembile imininingwane emihle futhi uthole ikhwalithi enhle yendawo, okungenakwenzeka nge-50D electron beam printing (EBM). Ku-SLM, iphoyinti le-laser beam liqondiswe kumpushana wento, liyishise endaweni ngokwephethini enikeziwe ngokunemba kwama-microns angama-250 kuye kwangama-3. Ngokulandelayo, i-LMD isebenzisa i-laser ukucubungula impushana ukuze idale izakhiwo ezizisekelayo ze-XNUMXD.

Lezi zindlela ziye zabonakala zithembisa kakhulu ekudaleni izingxenye zezindiza. futhi, ikakhulukazi, i-laser deposition yensimbi yandisa amathuba omklamo wezingxenye ze-aerospace. Zingenziwa ngezinto ezinezakhiwo zangaphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nama-gradients angenakwenzeka esikhathini esidlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kokubili ubuchwepheshe be-laser benza kube nokwenzeka ukudala imikhiqizo yejiyomethri eyinkimbinkimbi futhi uthole ukusebenza okunwetshiwe kwemikhiqizo evela kuhlu olubanzi lwama-alloys.

NgoSepthemba odlule, i-Airbus yamemezela ukuthi isihlomise ukukhiqiza kwayo i-A350 XWB ngokuphrinta okungeziwe. i-titanium bracket, ekhiqizwa yi-Arconic. Lokhu akusona isiphetho, ngoba inkontileka ka-Arconic ne-Airbus inikeza ukuphrinta kwe-3D kusuka kumpushana we-titanium-nickel. izitho Zomzimba i isistimu ye-propulsion. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-Arconic ayisebenzisi ubuchwepheshe be-laser, kodwa inguqulo yayo ethuthukisiwe ye-EBM electronic arc.

Esinye seziqophamlando ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bokwengeza emsebenzini wensimbi kungenzeka kube yisibonelo sokuqala ngqa sethulwe endlunkulu ye-Dutch Damen Shipyards Group ekwindla ka-2017. uphephela womkhumbi ingxubevange yensimbi ebizwa ngegama VAAMpeller. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa okufanele, okuningi kwakho osekwenzekile, imodeli inethuba lokugunyazwa ukusetshenziswa emikhunjini.

Njengoba ikusasa lobuchwepheshe bokusebenza kwensimbi lilele kuma-powder ensimbi engagqwali noma ezingxenyeni zengxubevange, kufanelekile ukwazi abadlali abakhulu kule makethe. Ngokusho "kwe-Additive Manufacturing Metal Powder Market Report" eyanyatheliswa ngoNovemba 2017, abakhiqizi ababaluleke kakhulu bezimpushana zensimbi zokuphrinta ze-3D yilezi: GKN, Hitachi Chemical, Rio Tinto, ATI Powder Metals, Praxair, Arconic, Sandvik AB, Renishaw, Höganäs AB , Iqembu le-Metaldyne Performance, BÖHLER Edelstahl, Carpenter Technology Corporation, Aubert & Duval.

Iphrinta ye-Propeller WAAMpeller

Isigaba samanzi

Ubuchwepheshe bokwengezwa kwensimbi eyaziwa kakhulu okwamanje buthembele ekusetshenzisweni kwezimpushana (le ndlela i-vibenite eshiwo ngenhla idalwe ngayo) "i-sintered" ne-laser-fused emazingeni okushisa aphezulu adingekayo ukuze kutholwe into yokuqala. Nokho, imiqondo emisha iyavela. Abacwaningi abavela eCryobiomedical Engineering Laboratory yeChinese Academy of Sciences eBeijing benze indlela Ukuphrinta kwe-3D "ngoyinki", ehlanganisa ingxubevange yensimbi enephuzu lokuncibilika kancane ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa legumbi. Ocwaningweni olwanyatheliswa kumagazini i-Science China Technological Sciences, abacwaningi uLiu Jing no-Wang Lei babonisa indlela yokunyathelisa isigaba se-liquid se-gallium, i-bismuth, noma i-alloys esekelwe kwi-indium ngokufaka ama-nanoparticles.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zendabuko ze-prototyping yensimbi, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kwesigaba se-liquid kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Okokuqala, izinga eliphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa lokwenziwa kwezakhiwo ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu zingafinyelelwa. Ukwengeza, lapha ungakwazi ukulungisa kalula izinga lokushisa nokugeleza kwesipholile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-liquid conductive metal ingasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi (njengamapulasitiki), okwandisa amathuba okuklama kwezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ososayensi base-American Northwestern University baphinde basungula indlela entsha yokuphrinta yensimbi ye-3D eshibhile futhi engenzima kakhulu kunangaphambili. Esikhundleni sempushana yensimbi, ama-lasers noma imishayo ye-electron, isebenzisa ihhavini evamile i impahla engamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela isebenza kahle ezinhlobonhlobo zezinsimbi, ama-alloys, ama-compounds, nama-oxides. Lokhu kufana ne-nozzle seal esiyaziyo ngamapulasitiki. "Uyinki" uqukethe impushana yensimbi encibilike entweni ekhethekile ngokufaka i-elastomer. Ngesikhathi sokufaka isicelo, kusezingeni lokushisa lasekamelweni. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungqimba lwempahla esetshenziswe ku-nozzle lufakwe izingqimba zangaphambili ekushiseni okuphakeme okudalwe esithandweni. Indlela yokusebenza ichazwe kujenali ekhethekile Advanced Functional Materials.

Indlela yokuphrinta yesigaba se-Chinese Liquid Metal

Ngo-2016, abacwaningi baseHarvard bethula enye indlela engakha izakhiwo zensimbi ze-XNUMXD. ephrintiwe "emoyeni". I-Harvard University idale iphrinta ye-3D ukuthi, ngokungafani nabanye, ayidali izinto ungqimba ngongqimba, kodwa idala izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi "emoyeni" - kusukela ensimbi eqandisisa ngaso leso sikhathi. Umshini, owakhiwe e-John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, uphrinta izinto usebenzisa ama-nanoparticles esiliva. I-laser egxilile ishisa impahla futhi iyihlanganise, idale izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene njenge-helix.

Isidingo semakethe semikhiqizo ephrintiwe ye-3D enembayo ephezulu njengezigxivizo zezokwelapha nezingxenye zenjini yendiza sikhula ngokushesha. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi idatha yomkhiqizo ingabiwa nabanye, izinkampani emhlabeni jikelele, uma zikwazi ukufinyelela kumpushana yensimbi kanye nephrinta ye-3D efanele, zingasebenza ukunciphisa izindleko zempahla kanye nempahla. Njengoba kwaziwa, ubuchwepheshe obuchaziwe busiza kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwezingxenye zensimbi zejometri eyinkimbinkimbi, ngaphambi kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bendabuko. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile kungenzeka kuholele emananini aphansi kanye nokuvuleleka ekusebenziseni ukuphrinta kwe-3D ezinhlelweni ezijwayelekile futhi.

Insimbi yaseSweden eqinile - yokuphrinta kwe-3D:

Insimbi enzima kakhulu emhlabeni - yenziwe e-Uppsala, eSweden

Ifilimu ye-aluminium yokuphrinta: 

Ukuphumelela kwe-metallurgy: Ukuphrinta kwe-3D kwe-aluminium yamandla aphezulu