Izikhali zezempi zasePoland Army: 1933-1937
Izikhali zezempi zasePoland Army: 1933-1937
Inkonzo enokuthula yamabutho ahlomile asePoland ngokuhambisana nemithetho ekhethekile ingenye indaba okufanele kuxoxwe ngayo ohlakeni lwengxoxo evamile yokulungiselela amabutho ahlomile asePoland empini ezayo. Imodi ebukeka kancane nephindaphindayo yokusebenza ngokuthula kwezimpi zezikhali ngazinye ibekwe eceleni yizinkinga ezifana nokuklanywa kwesibonelo sempahla yezempi noma izifundo zonyaka zokuhlola. Nakuba kungeyona into emangalisayo, izakhi ezikhethiwe zokusebenza kwezikhali ezihlomile zinikeza ulwazi oluningi olubalulekile mayelana nesimo salezi zikhali eminyakeni ethile.
Izikhali ezihlomile zeButho LasePoland ngeminyaka yawo-20s zaba nokuhlelwa kabusha okuningana kanye nezinguquko ezenziwe kumayunithi ngamanye. Ukwakheka kwamagatsha akhona kwathonywa ngokusobala ukuthengwa nokukhiqizwa kwawo kwamathangi e-Renault FT, ngaleso sikhathi okwakha isisekelo samandla ezikhali weRiphabhulikhi yasePoland. Ngomhla zingama-23 kuMandulo, 1930, ngomyalo kaNgqongqoshe Wezempi, i-Command of Armored Weapons yaguqulwa yaba i-Command of Armored Weapons (DowBrPanc.), okwakuwuhlaka olubhekele ukuphathwa nokuqeqeshwa kwawo wonke amayunithi ahlomile eButho Lezempi LasePoland. .
Maphakathi nawo-30s, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwemishini yezikhali zezikhali. Umphumela womunye wabo kwaba abathwali bezimoto zamathangi e-TK ku-chassis wamaloli.
Amayunithi ochwepheshe afakwe kulesi sikhungo athole, phakathi kwezinye izinto, umsebenzi wokwenza ucwaningo emkhakheni wokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye namaqhinga amabutho ahlomile kanye nokulungiselela imiyalelo emisha, imithethonqubo kanye namabhukwana. I-DowBrPanc ngokwayo. yayiyigunya eliphakeme kunawo wonke esigabeni sangaleso sikhathi, izikhali ezihlomile kuphela, kodwa futhi nasemayunithi ahamba ngezimoto, ngakho indima yakhe, ngaphezu kwezinqumo zikaNgqongqoshe Wezempi kanye neNhloko Yezikhulu Jikelele, yayiwujuqu.
Ngemva kolunye ushintsho lwesikhashana ekuqaleni kwawo-30, kwakhiwa enye inqaba ngo-1933. Esikhundleni samabutho amathathu ahlomile akhona ngaphambili (i-Poznan, iZhuravitsa ne-Modlin), ama-battalions amathangi nezimoto ezihlomile zakhiwa, futhi inani eliphelele lamayunithi lakhuphuka laba yisithupha (i-Poznan, i-Zhuravitsa, i-Warsaw, i-Brest ku-Bug, i-Krakow ne-Lvov. ). Amasosha ahlukene nawo amiswa eVilnius naseBydgoszcz, futhi eModlin kwakukhona ithangi nesikhungo sokuqeqesha izimoto ezihlomile.
Isizathu sezinguquko ezenziwe kusukela ekuqaleni kweshumi leminyaka kwaba ukufika kwenani elikhulu lemishini emisha, kucatshangelwa amakhono asekhaya - amathangi e-TK anesivinini esikhulu, ahlanganisa izimoto ezihamba ngesivinini esiphansi ngaphambili kanye namathangi ambalwa okukhanya. Ngakho-ke, ngo-February 25, 1935, izimpi ekhona amathangi kanye nezimoto armored zaguqulwa izigaba armored. Inani lamayunithi linyuswe laba yisishiyagalombili (Poznan, Zhuravitsa, Warsaw, Bzhest-nad-Bugem, Krakow, Lvov, Grodno kanye neBydgoszcz). Kwamiswa amanye amabutho amabili asondelene eLodz naseLublin, futhi kwahlelelwa ukwanda kwawo eminyakeni ezayo.
Inhlangano eyethulwe yathatha isikhathi eside kunawo wonke, kwaze kwaba yilapho kugqashuka impi, nakuba ezinye izinguquko zenziwa kuyo. Okungukuthi, ngo-April 20, 1937, kwamiswa elinye ibutho ithangi, indawo yokupaka okwakuyi-Lutsk (ibutho le-12). Bekuyibutho lokuqala lasePoland elihlomile ukuqeqesha amasosha ngamathangi ka-R35 athengwa eFrance. Uma ubheka imephu, umuntu angabona ukuthi iningi lamabutho ahlomile ayemiswe phakathi nezwe, okwakuvumela ukudluliselwa kwamayunithi emngceleni ngamunye osongelwa ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Isakhiwo esisha siphinde sakha isisekelo sezinhlelo zasePoland zokwandisa amandla ezikhali, ezilungiswe yi-General Staff futhi okuxoxwe ngazo emhlanganweni we-KSUS. I-leap elandelayo yobuchwepheshe neyobuningi bekulindeleke ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu neyesine (okuningi mayelana nayo ingatholakala ku: "Uhlelo lokwandiswa kwezikhali zasePoland 1937-1943", Wojsko i Technika Historia 2/2020). Wonke amayunithi ezempi angenhla adalwe ngesikhathi sokuthula, umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko kwakuwukulungiselela iminyaka eyalandela, ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe kochwepheshe kanye nokuhlanganisa amabutho asengozini. Ukuze kugcinwe ukufana kokuqeqeshwa, ukuqondisa izindaba zenhlangano kanye nenethiwekhi yokuhlola esebenza kahle, ngoMeyi 1, 1937, kwasungulwa amaqembu amathathu amathangi.
Inkonzo
Umuntu angase athi maphakathi nawo-30 kwakuyinkathi yokuzinza okukhulu kwezikhali zezikhali zasePoland. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhiwo kanye nokwanda kancane kancane kobukhulu bokwakheka akukwazanga ukunikeza umuzwa wamandla uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe, kodwa futhi, okungenani iminyaka embalwa, ukuthulisa i-hardware kanye nomkhuhlane wesakhiwo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamuva kwamathangi e-Vickers - ukushintsha izikhali zamathangi angama-twin-turret, ukufaka ama-twin-turrets anezibhamu ezingu-47-mm, noma ukuvuselela uhlelo lokupholisa - kungabhekwa njengempumelelo, okunzima ukukubuza. isikhathi.
Akunakwenzeka ukuziba ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kwe-TCS lapha. Phela, imishini yalolu hlobo yayibhekwa njengentuthuko engcono kakhulu ye-prototype yesiNgisi ngaleso sikhathi kanye nezindlela eziphumelelayo zokulwa. Amathangi asePoland 7TP aqala umsebenzi wawo ebuthweni, njengoba kwakunjalo ngamathangi okuhlola, ayebhekwa njengokuthuthukiswa kokudala kwe-prototype yesiNgisi. Ekugcineni, ukungabi khona kwezinsongo zangempela kwakusho ukuthi inkonzo ngo-1933-37 ingathatha uhlamvu oluzinzile. Nakuba njengengxenye ye-CWBrPanc. noma i-BBTechBrPanc. inqwaba yezifundo zokuhlola zenziwa emkhakheni wamaqhinga (umsebenzi wamaqembu ezimoto ezihlomile) kanye nobuchwepheshe (ukuqaliswa kabusha kwephrojekthi yethangi elilandelwa ngamasondo), bekusengezo kuphela enkonzweni esezisungulwe kahle ngokuhambisana imihlahlandlela ekhona, njengaleyo ekhishwe ku-1932. "Imithetho Jikelele yokusetshenziswa kwezikhali ezihlomile", kusukela ku-1934 "Imithetho ye-TC yamathangi". Fight", eyanyatheliswa ngo-1935 "Imithethonqubo yamayunithi ezikhali nezimoto". Ingxenye I ye-Military Parade futhi, ekugcineni, isihluthulelo, nakuba singazange sisetshenziswe ngokusemthethweni kwaze kwaba ngu-1937, “Imithetho yezikhali ezihlomile. Ukuzivocavoca ngezimoto ezihlomile nezezimoto.
