Abrams for Poland - umqondo omuhle?
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umqondo wokuthola amathangi e-M1 Abrams kumishini enqwabelene ye-US Armed Forces ubuyela emayunithi ahlomile asePoland. Muva nje, iphinde yacatshangelwa esimweni sesidingo sokuqinisa ngokushesha amandla e-Polish Armed Forces for the okuthiwa. udonga lwasempumalanga. Esithombeni, ithangi le-M1A1 le-US Marine Corps.
Cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili, isihloko sokuthola i-M1 Abrams MBT ngamabutho ahlomile asePoland kusukela ensaleni yeButho Lase-US sesibuyile njalo. Emasontweni adlule, kuvele imininingwane, engekho emthethweni, yokuthi osopolitiki baphinde bacubungula lokho okungenzeka. Ngakho ake sihlaziye imibi.
Ngokusho kwe-Arms Inspectorate, ukuthengwa kwamathangi e-M1 Abrams, kuhlanganiswe nokwenza kwawo abe sezingeni lesimanje kwelinye lamamodeli atholakalayo, kungenye yezindlela ezibhekwa njengengxenye yesigaba sokuhlaziya nesomqondo esiqaliswe ngaphansi kohlelo olusha lwe-Main Tank. enekhodi Wilk. Phakathi nengxoxo yezobuchwepheshe phakathi maphakathi no-2017 nasekuqaleni kuka-2019, abasebenzi be-IU bahlangane nabamele izinkampani nezikhungo ezihlukahlukene ezingase zibambe iqhaza ekusetshenzisweni kwalolu hlelo. Izingxoxo zabanjwa no-: Ośrodek Badawczo-Rozwojowe Urządzeń Mechanicznych “OBRUM” Sp. z oo, Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. U-KG (umkhiqizi ohlangene waseJalimane we-Leopard 2 wayezomelwa yi-Wojskowe Zakłady Mechaniczne SA evela e-Poznań), i-Rheinmetall Defense (emelwe igatsha lesi-Polish le-Rheinmetall Defense Polska Sp. Z oo), i-Hyundai Rotem Co Ltd. (imelwe ngu-H Cegielski Poznań SA), i-BAE Systems Hägglunds AB, General Dynamics European Land Systems (GDELS) kanye ne-US Army. Amaphuzu amabili okugcina azosithakazelisa, njengoba i-US Army ingase ibe nesibopho sokudluliselwa kwezimoto emishinini yayo eyeqile, futhi i-GDELS iyigatsha laseYurophu lomkhiqizi u-Abrams - General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS). Lolu lwazi luqinisekiswe kancane engxoxweni kaZbigniew Griglas, iPhini likaNobhala Wezwe eMnyangweni Wezakhiwo Zombuso, owengamele uMnyango Wezokuphatha III, obhekele imboni yezokuvikela. Uveze ukuthi phakathi kwezinketho zokuthengwa kwamathangi amasha amasosha ahlomile futhi asetshenziswa ngomshini we-Ground Forces yilezi: i-Turkish Altay, i-K2 yaseNingizimu Korea (mhlawumbe wayesho inguqulo ye- "Central European" ye-K2PL / CZ, ene ithuthukiswe iminyaka eminingana - empeleni leli ithangi elisha), i-American "Abrams" nemoto, ebizwa ngokuthi uNgqongqoshe uGriglas "ithangi lase-Italy" (i-Italy yanikeza amazwe amaningana, kuhlanganise nePoland, ukuthuthukiswa okuhlangene kwesizukulwane esisha se-MBT ). Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi akazange akhulume ngohlelo lukaFranco-German (nombukeli waseBrithani) Uhlelo Lokulwa Kwendawo Elikhulu (MGCS).
Ngokusho kwabasekeli bokuthengwa kwe-Abrams, lezi zimoto bekufanele zithathe indawo ye-T-72M/M1 engasasebenzi (ngisho ne-M1R ethuthukisiwe yafinyelela ezingeni le-M91R inenani elincane lokulwa), futhi ngokuzayo, i-PT-XNUMX yesimanjemanje.
Kodwa-ke, inhloso yalesi sihloko akukhona ukuxoxa ngama-menders wohlelo lwe-Wilk, ngakho-ke ngeke singene kulezi zinkinga kakhulu. Amathangi amasha ngokuyinhloko ayezothatha indawo ye-T-72M/M1/M1R engasasebenzi kanye ne-PT-91 Twardy, futhi esikhathini esizayo, isimanjemanje, kodwa futhi i-Leopard 2PL/A5 endala. Ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe ngesikhathi kulungiselelwa iStrategic Defence Review 2016, iPoland kufanele ithenge amathangi esizukulwane esisha angaba ngu-800 kusukela ngo-2030, ngamalungu obuholi ngaleso sikhathi boMnyango Wezokuvikela Kazwelonke ebonisa ukuthi kungaba yinto efiselekayo ukuthenga "amancane". inombolo" yamathangi ezizukulwaneni zamanje ashesha kancane. Lokhu kungase kudingeke ngaphansi kwezimo zezobuchwepheshe ezimbi kakhulu zezingxenye ezihlelelwe ukulungiswa kabusha nokuguqulwa kwamathangi T-72M / M1. Ngokungafanele, bathi ezimotweni ezingu-318 ebezihloselwe ukusebenza ekuqaleni, cishe eziyikhulu kungenzeka zingabi nanzuzo. Ngakho-ke, kunegebe kubuchwepheshe bamabutho amabili amathangi. U-Abrama “wavela ehlane” wamgcwalisa?
Abrams wasePoland
Enye yezinketho ezicatshangelwe "ukuvala" igebe le-Hardware ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwethangi le-Wilk kungaba ukuthengwa kwamathangi angaphambili e-M1 Abrams aseMelika (okungenzeka abe yinguqulo ye-M1A1 noma entsha kancane, njengoba ekhona emadepho emishini) kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwazo okwalandela kwenye yezinketho ezisetshenziswa manje iButho Lezempi Lase-US. Izinguqulo ze-M1A1M, M1A1SA, noma okuhlukile okusekelwe ku-M1A2 (okufana nokuthekelisa kwe-Moroccan noma i-Saudi M1A2M noma i-M1A2S) kusengozini ngempela. I-M1A2X nayo ingenzeka, njengoba isikhathi esithile imoto eyayiya e-Taiwan (manje eyi-M1A2T) yayimakiwe, okuthiwa ilingana ne-M1A2C yakamuva (nayo ngaphansi kwegama elithi M1A2 SEP v.3). Isimo esingenzeka kakhulu uma le nketho ikhethiwe, mhlawumbe okuwukuphela kwayo okungenzeka, kungaba ukuthengwa kwamathangi angaphambili aseMelika ensaleni yebutho laseMelika noma i-US Marine Corps (amakhulu ezimoto agcinwe emagcekeni amakhulu amadepho emishini, njenge-Sierra Army Depot) kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwazo okwalandela e-Joint Systems Factory Manufacturing Center e-Lima, e-Ohio, ephethwe nguhulumeni wase-US futhi okwamanje eqhutshwa yi-GDLS. I-US Army kanye ne-US National Guard ihlose ukuba namathangi angaba ngu-4000 M1A1 kanye ne-M1A2 yokuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene enkonzweni, lapho izimoto ezingu-1392 zizohlala eqenjini lokulwa le-armored brigade (ABST) (870 kuma-ABST ayishumi e-US Army kanye nezimoto ezingu-522). kuma-ABCT ayisithupha e-US National Guard) - okunye kusetshenziselwa ukuqeqeshwa, kufakwe amabhu ezindlini zokugcina impahla ezihlakazeke emhlabeni jikelele, njll. Lezi amathangi, ngenxa yezizathu ezicacile, azithengiswa - ngo-1980-1995, i-US Armed Forces yathola, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, kusukela ku-8100 kuya ku-9300 M1 amathangi azo zonke izinguquko, ezingaphezu kuka-1000 zathunyelwa ngaphandle. Lokhu kulandela ukuthi cishe kunezicucu eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu kuya kwezine ezindlini zokugcina izimpahla zaseMelika, ezinye zazo, noma kunjalo, ziyinguqulo endala ye-M1 enesibhamu esingu-105-mm M68A1. Abaluleke kakhulu ama-M1A1FEP, cishe angu-400 asele "ezulazula" kusukela i-Marine Corps yashiya izikhali (bona i-WiT 12/2020) - izimpi zezikhali zase-US Marine Corps zizoyekiswa ukusebenza ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka. Ngakho-ke ungathenga kuphela i-M1A1 kuphela ekulungisweni okuhlukile. Manje ake sibheke u-Abrams ngokwakhe.
