Impi yaseMpumalanga Prussia ngo-1945, ingxenye yesi-2

Izinsana zaseSoviet, zisekelwa izibhamu ezizishayelayo i-SU-76, zahlasela izikhundla zamaJalimane endaweni yaseKoenigsberg.

Umyalo we-Army Group "North" wenza imizamo yokukhulula ukuvinjelwa kwe-Koenigsberg nokubuyisela ukuxhumana komhlaba nawo wonke amaqembu amasosha. INingizimu-ntshonalanga yedolobha, esifundeni saseBrandenburg (i-Ushakovo YaseRussia), igxile kwi-548th People's Grenadier Division kanye neGreat Germany Panzergrenadier Division,

ezasetshenziswa ngoJanuwari 30 ukuhlasela enyakatho eduze neLagoon yaseVistula. I-German 5th Panzer Division kanye ne-56th Infantry Division bahlasele ngakolunye uhlangothi. Bakwazile ukuphoqa ingxenye ye-11th Guards Army ukuba ihoxe futhi igqekeze emhubheni ongaba yikhilomitha nengxenye ububanzi ukuya e-Koenigsberg, eyayishiswa yizikhali zaseSoviet.

NgoJanuwari 31, uJenene u-Ivan D. Chernyakhovsky wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi kwakungenakwenzeka ukubamba i-Koenigsberg kusukela ngomashi: Kwaba sobala ukuthi ukuhlasela okungahlelekile nokungalungiselelwe kahle e-Koenigsberg (ikakhulukazi mayelana nokuvikelwa kwempahla) kwakungeke kuholele empumelelweni, kodwa. , ngokuphambene nalokho, kwakuzonika amaJalimane isikhathi sokuthuthukisa ukuzivikela kwawo. Okokuqala, kwakudingeka ukubhidliza izinqaba zenqaba (izinqaba, izinqaba zokulwa, izindawo ezinezivikelo eziqinile) futhi ukhubaze uhlelo lwabo lomlilo. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu, inani elifanele lezikhali lalidingeka - amandla anzima, amakhulu futhi aphezulu, amathangi nezibhamu ezizishayelayo, futhi, yiqiniso, inqwaba yezinhlamvu. Ukulungiselela ngokucophelela amasosha ukuhlasela akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwekhefu lokusebenza.

Ngesonto elilandelayo, izigaba ze-11th Guards Army, "zixosha ukuhlasela okuthukuthele kwamaNazi," zaqinisa izikhundla zazo futhi zashintshela ekuhlaseleni kwazo kwansuku zonke, zizama ukufinyelela ogwini lweVistula Lagoon. NgoFebhuwari 6, baphinde bawela umgwaqo omkhulu, bavimba amaKrulevets eningizimu - nokho, ngemuva kwalokho, amasosha angama-20-30 asala ezinkampanini zamasosha. Amasosha ebutho lama-39 kanye nelama-43 ezimpini ezinonya aphushela izigaba zesitha eNhlonhlweni yaseSambia, akha indawo engaphandle ezungezayo.

Ngo-February 9, umkhuzi we-3rd Belorussian Front wayala amasosha ukuba aye kokuzivikela okuwujuqu futhi alungiselele ukuhlasela ngendlela.

Phakathi nendawo, amabutho angu-5 no-28 aqhubekela phambili e-Kreuzburg (isiRashiya: i-Slavskoe) - i-Preussish Eylau (i-Ilava Pruska, isiRashiya: i-Bagrationovsk) ibhande; ohlangothini lwesobunxele, i-2nd Guards kanye ne-31st Armies, ngemva kokuphoqa i-Lyna, yaqhubekela phambili futhi yathatha izindawo zokuphikisa i-Legden (i-Russian Good), i-Bandel kanye nomgwaqo omkhulu we-Landsberg (Gurovo Ilavetske). Kusukela eningizimu nasentshonalanga, amabutho kaMarshal K.K. Rokossovsky acindezela amaJalimane. Ihlukaniswe nezwe, iqembu lesitha sase-Lidzbar-Warmian lalikwazi ukuxhumana namaJalimane kuphela eqhweni lechweba futhi liqhubeke ligudle i-Vistula Spit liya eGdansk. Isembozo sokhuni "sokuphila kwansuku zonke" savumela ukuhamba kwezimoto. Izindimbane zababaleki zakhangwa yizikhukhula ngohlelo olungapheli.

Imikhumbi yaseJalimane yenze umsebenzi wokuhlenga ongakaze ubonwe, isebenzisa konke obekungahlala kuntanta. Maphakathi no-February, izigidi ezingu-1,3 kwezakhamuzi eziyizigidi ezingu-2,5 zase zisusiwe eMpumalanga Prussia. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Kriegsmarine inikeze ukusekelwa kwezikhali kumabutho asemhlabeni ohlangothini lwasogwini futhi yayizibandakanya kakhulu ekudlulisweni kwamasosha. I-Baltic Fleet yehlulekile ukuphuka noma ngisho nokuphazamisa kakhulu ukuxhumana kwesitha.

Phakathi namasonto amane, ingxenye enkulu yesifunda saseMpumalanga Prussia nasenyakatho yePoland yasuswa amasosha aseJalimane. Ngesikhathi kuliwa, babalelwa ku-52 4,3 abantu ababoshwa. izikhulu namasosha. Amasosha aseSoviet athumba izibhamu nodaka ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-569, amathangi ayi-XNUMX nezibhamu zokuhlasela.

Amasosha aseJalimane eMpumalanga Prussia ahlukaniswa nayo yonke i-Wehrmacht futhi ahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu ahlukene. Esokuqala, esinezigaba ezine, sampintshana oLwandle iBaltic eNhlonhlweni yaseSambia; eyesibili, ehlanganisa izigaba ezingaphezu kwezinhlanu, kanye namayunithi avela enqabeni namayunithi amaningi ahlukene, yayizungezwe eKönigsberg; eyesithathu, ehlanganisa izigaba ezingamashumi amabili ze-4th Army kanye ne-3rd Panzer Army, yayise-Lidzbarsko-Warminsky endaweni enezivikelo eziqinile, eseningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Krulevets, ehlala endaweni engaba ngu-180 km ububanzi eduze nomugqa wangaphambili kanye no-50 km ukujula. .

Ukukhishwa kwala mabutho ngaphansi kwesembozo saseBerlin kwakungavunyelwe uHitler, owathi kuphela ngesisekelo sezindawo ezinezivikelo ezihlinzekwa olwandle nokuvikela ngenkani namaqembu ahlakazekile amabutho aseJalimane angakwazi ukwakha amabutho amakhulu kakhulu aseJalimane. amabutho. I-Red Army isikhathi eside, eyayizovimbela ukuthunyelwa kabusha kwabo ekuqondeni kweBerlin. I-Soviet Supreme High Command, yona, yayilindele ukuthi ukukhululwa kwamabutho e-1st Baltic kanye ne-3rd Belorussian fronts kweminye imisebenzi kwakungenzeka kuphela ngenxa yokuqedwa okusheshayo nokunqumayo kwalawa maqembu.

Iningi lojenene baseJalimane lalingakwazi ukuqonda lo mqondo kaHitler. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uMarshal K.K. Rokossovsky akazange alibone iphuzu kulokho okwakufunwa uStalin: “Ngokombono wami, lapho iMpumalanga Prussia ekugcineni ihlukaniswa neNtshonalanga, kwakungenzeka ukulinda ukuqedwa kweqembu lebutho lamaJalimane elalizungezwe lapho, futhi ngenxa yalokho kwakungenzeka. ekuqinisweni kwe-2nd Belorussia front ebuthakathaka, sheshisa isinqumo esiqondisweni saseBerlin. IBerlin yayizowa ngokushesha kakhulu. Kwenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi esiwujuqu, amabutho ayishumi athathwe yiqembu laseMpumalanga Prussian (...) Ukusetshenziswa kwenqwaba yamasosha ngokumelene nesitha (...), kude nendawo lapho izenzakalo eziwujuqu zenzeka khona. , esimweni esavela esiqondisweni saseBerlin, sasingenanjongo.

Ekugcineni, uHitler wayeqinisile: emabuthweni ayishumi nesishiyagalombili aseSoviet ahilelekile ekuqedeni amabhuloho ogwini lwaseJalimane, amathathu kuphela akwazi ukuhlanganyela "ezimpini ezinkulu" zasentwasahlobo ka-1945.

Ngesinqumo sendlunkulu ye-Supreme High Command ka-February 6, amabutho e-1st and 2nd Baltic Fronts, evimbela i-Kurland Army Group, angaphansi kwe-2 Baltic Front ngaphansi komyalo kaMarshal L. A. Govorov. Umsebenzi wokuthumba i-Koenigsberg nokususa ngokuphelele iNhlonhlo YaseSambian yesitha wabelwa endlunkulu ye-1st Baltic Front, eyalwe nguJenene Wezempi u-Ivan Ch. Bagramyan, owasuswa e-3rd Belorussian Front waya emabuthweni amathathu: i-11. Onogada, ama-39th and 43th and 1st tank corps. Ngokulandelayo, uMarshal Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky ngoFebhuwari 9 wathola isiqondiso sokudluliselwa ku-General of the Army u-Ivan Dmitrievich Chernyakhovsky wamabutho amane: i-50, i-3, i-48 ne-5 ye-Guards Tank. Ngalo lolo suku, uGeneral Chernyakhovsky wayalwa, ngaphandle kokunikeza amaJalimane noma amabutho akhe ikhefu, ukuze aqedele ukunqotshwa kwebutho lesine likaGeneral Wilhelm Muller ngebutho lezinyawo kungakapheli uFebhuwari 20-25.

Ngenxa yezimpi ezinegazi, ezingaguquki nezingaphazamiseki, - ukhumbula uLieutenant Leonid Nikolayevich Rabichev, - amasosha ethu nawaseJalimane alahlekelwa ngaphezu kwesigamu sabasebenzi bawo futhi aqala ukulahlekelwa amandla okulwa ngenxa yokukhathala okukhulu. U-Chernihovsky wayala ukuba kuthuthukiswe, ojenene - abaphathi bebutho, amabutho kanye nezigaba - futhi bayala, iNdlunkulu yahlanya, futhi zonke izikhulu, ama-brigade ahlukene, ama-battalion kanye nezinkampani zahamba khona. Futhi-ke, ukuze aphoqelele amabutho akhathele impi ukuba aqhubekele phambili, indlunkulu yemingcele yasondela emgqeni wokuxhumana eduze ngangokunokwenzeka, indlunkulu yamabutho yathuthuka cishe kanye nendlunkulu yamabutho, kanye nendlunkulu yebutho lezempi. izigaba zisondela ezinhlakeni. Ojenene bazama ukukhuphula izimpi nezinkampani ukuba zilwe, kodwa akuzange kuphume lutho, kwaze kwafika umzuzu lapho womabili amasosha ethu namaJalimane ebanjwa ukunganaki okungalawuleki. AmaJalimane ahlehla cishe amakhilomitha amathathu, futhi sama.