Uphethiloli "Kalosha". Izakhiwo kanye nezicelo

Izici

Lolu hlobo lwe-nefras lusetshenziswa kakhulu embonini, nakuba kancane kancane luthathelwa indawo yizigaba ezincane ze-carcinogenic futhi ezingashi ezincibilikisayo.

Izici zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko:

1. Ibanga lokushisa lokuzithungela_- 190 ... 250 ° C.
2. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali - ama-organic hydrocarbon compounds, inani lama-athomu e-carbon lapho lisukela ku-9 kuye ku-14.
3. Umbala - ophuzi okhanyayo noma (kaningi) - awunambala.
4. Inombolo ye-octane icishe ibe ngu-52.
5. Izithasiselo azikho.
6. Ukungcola: ukutholakala kwe-sulfur compounds kuvunyelwe, inani eliphelele (ngokwemigomo ye-sulfide) alikho ngaphezu kwe-0,5.
7. Ukuminyana - 700…750 kg/m³.

Ezinye izinkomba ze-Kalosh kaphethiloli ziyahlukahluka, kuye ngokuthi imboni yokusetshenziswa kwayo. Into evamile ukuthi ama-alkanes afakwe kwifomula yamakhemikhali yawo wonke ama-nefra aseduze nama-cycloparaffins kawoyela ongahluziwe. Ngenxa yalokho, ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bokukhiqiza uphethiloli we-Kalosh ukuhlukaniswa ngokuqina okuphakathi.

Umphumela womkhiqizo we-petroleum usetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa oyinki bokuphrinta, izibulala-zinambuzane, ama-herbicides, ama-coatings, i-asphalt ewuketshezi nezinye izinto eziphilayo, kufaka phakathi irabha. Zibuye zisetshenziselwe ukuhlanza izingxenye ezihambayo zokwakha umshini kanye nemishini yokusebenza yensimbi ekungcolisweni ekukhiqizeni ukulungiswa (okwenza lo mkhiqizo ufane nezinye izinhlobo zikaphethiloli, ikakhulukazi uphethiloli we-B-70). Ungawusebenzisi umkhiqizo emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-30⁰C.

Izidingo zemikhiqizo nezokuphepha

I-Nefras ikhiqiza amabanga amabili: i-C2 80/120 ne-C3 80/120, ehluke kuphela kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza nokuhlanza. Ikakhulukazi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-C2 80/120, uphethiloli oye wabhekana nokuguqulwa kwe-catalytic usetshenziswa njengemikhiqizo yokuqala eqediwe, futhi ku-C3 80/120, kusetshenziswa uphethiloli otholwe ngokuxutshwa ngokuqondile. Ku-nefras C2 80/120 yebanga lokuqala, ukuminyana kuncane kancane.

Ukunakwa okukhethekile kukhokhwa emithethweni yokusetshenziswa okuphephile kwemikhiqizo kaphethiloli okukhulunywa ngayo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-flash point yezinto ezinjalo iphansi kakhulu, futhi i-crucible evulekile kuphela -17.⁰C. Uma ufaka isicelo, imvelo yokuqhuma kwento kufanele futhi inakwe. I-GOST 443-76 ichaza le pharamitha njengeyingozi kakade lapho ukugxila kwe-nefras ku-air vapor kungaphezu kuka-1,7%. Ukugcwala komhwamuko kaphethiloli emkhathini wegumbi akukwazi ukuba ngaphezu kuka-100 mg/m³.

Ngokuvamile kuba nokudideka ezidingweni zobuchwepheshe zamaphethiloli ancibilikayo ngenxa yokuhluka kwezindinganiso eziqondisa abakhiqizi. Ngakho-ke, i-nefras (kuhlanganise ne-Nefras C2 80/120 evame kakhulu) ikhiqizwa ngokuhambisana ne-GOST 443-76, futhi uphethiloli we-Kalosh ukhiqizwa ngokuya ngemininingwane okusobala ukuthi iqinile kancane. Kodwa-ke, ngokuya ngefomula nezakhiwo, lokhu kungumkhiqizo ofanayo, ohluka kuphela ngezinga lokucwengwa (kuphethiloli weKalosh, leli degree liphansi). Ngakho-ke, ngokombono wangempela, uphethiloli we-Br-2, uphethiloli we-Kalosh kanye ne-Nefras C2 80/120 yinto eyodwa futhi efanayo.

Isicelo

Mayelana nokuhlanganiswa kwezakhiwo zayo, uphethiloli weKalosh ubhekwa njengophethiloli oncibilikayo, kodwa indawo yayo esebenzayo yebhasi ibanzi kakhulu:

• Izibani zokufaka uphethiloli.
• Ukuhlanzwa kwamathangi namadamu ezitshalo zokusika i-oxy-fuel.
• Ukulungisa izindwangu zokudaya.
• Ukunciphisa izakhi ze-elekthronikhi ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa.
• Ukuhlanza ubucwebe.
• Izitofu zokufaka uphethiloli nezinye izinto zokushisisa ngezinjongo zokuvakasha.

Uphethiloli weKalosh akufanele uhlonzwe ngokuphelele nophethiloli we-Br-2. Akhiqizwa ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezahlukahlukene futhi ahlolwe okuqukethwe kwezakhi ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi lapho umenzi ethula izithasiselo ezithile ekwakhiweni okuyinhloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke ama-nefra akhiqizwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe ze-GOST 443-76 ahlukaniswa nenkomba ezinzile yenombolo ye-octane, engeyona ejwayelekile yezinye izinhlobo ezicatshangelwe kulesi sihloko.

Amanani ale mikhiqizo anqunywa ukupakishwa kwempahla. Kuphethiloli we-Kalosh, ofakwe ibhodlela esitsheni esingu-0,5 litre, intengo isukela ku-100 ... ama-ruble ayi-150, yokupakisha kuma-canister angama-10 amalitha - 700 ... ama-ruble ayi-1100, ngokudiliva okuthe xaxa (imiphongolo engamalitha ayi-150) - 80 ... 100 rub/kg.

Uphethiloli Galosh ngalokho ongakusebenzisa.