Ibhethri yesithuthuthu

Lonke ulwazi mayelana nokugcinwa kwayo

Ibhethri iyisitho sikagesi enhliziyweni yesistimu kagesi futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi isithuthuthu siyavutha futhi siqale. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuya ngokuya kufunwa, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yenani lezesekeli ezivame ukuxhunywa kulo: ama-alamu kagesi, i-GPS, ishaja yocingo, amagilavu ​​ashisayo ...

Kuphinde kugcizelelwe kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kwedolobha, nokuqalwa kabusha okuhlotshaniswa nohambo oluvame ukufushane. Ngokuvamile ishajwa kabusha yi-generator, kodwa lokhu akwanele ukuhlinzeka ngokushaja, ikakhulukazi esimweni sohambo olufushane oluphindaphindiwe.

Ngakho-ke, kudinga ukunakekelwa okuvamile ukuze kugcinwe isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, ukwazi ukuthi ubude bayo bokuphila bungaba kusukela eminyakeni emi-3 kuye kweyi-10.

Inhlolokhono imayelana nokuhlola umthwalo wayo kanye namatheminali futhi ngokunokwenzeka nokuhlola izinga layo.

I-Technique

Umthethosisekelo

Kwake kwaba nohlobo olulodwa kuphela lwebhethri, amabhethri e-lead-acid. Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo eziningi namuhla, ezilungiswayo noma ngaphandle kwazo, ezinejeli, i-AGM noma i-lithium bese kuba i-electrolyte eqinile lithium. Futhi ngemva kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion, sikhuluma ngisho namabhethri e-lithium-air. Izinzuzo ze-lithium zingaphansi kwezinyawo nesisindo (90% ngaphansi), akukho ukugcinwa, futhi akukho umthofu ne-asidi.

Ibhethri eliholayo liqukethe amapuleti e-lead-calcium-tin ageza nge-asidi (20% sulfuric acid kanye namanzi angama-80% akhishwe amaminerali) afakwe esitsheni sepulasitiki esikhethekile, ngokuvamile (ngezinye izikhathi i-ebonite).

Amabhethri ahlukene ayahluka ekuhlanzekeni kwe-electrode, ikhwalithi yesihlukanisi noma ukwakheka okuthile ... okungaholela ekwehlukeni okukhulu kwamanani anezici ezifanayo ze-voltage / inzuzo.

Amandla AH

Amandla, avezwa ngamahora we-ampere, isilinganiso sokusebenza. Izwakalisa izinga eliphezulu lamanje ibhethri elingageleza ngalo ihora elilodwa. Ibhethri engu-10 Ah ingahlinzeka ngo-10 A ihora noma i-1 A amahora ayishumi.

Landa

Ibhethri liziphumela ngokwemvelo, ngokushesha nakakhulu uma kubanda, futhi ikakhulukazi uma isistimu kagesi ifakiwe kuyo, njenge-alamu. Ngakho-ke, ibhethri lingalahlekelwa yi-30% yokushaja kwayo lapho kubanda, okukukhuthaza ukuthi upake isithuthuthu egaraji, lapho sizovikelwa khona kancane emazingeni okushisa aqandayo.

Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqapha i-voltage yayo futhi uyishaje njalo ngeshaja yesithuthuthu (futhi ikakhulukazi hhayi ishaja yemoto enamandla kakhulu). Amanye amabhethri akamuva anezinkomba zokushaja.

Ngempela, ibhethri elakheke ngokuphelele (futhi lihlala lingashajwa isikhathi eside) ngeke lisavuma ukushajwa ngokugcwele ngemva kwalokho.

I-voltage akuyona ukuphela kwento okufanele icatshangelwe njengoba ukuqala kudinga i-voltage encane. I-CCA - I-Cold Crank Ampair - ikhombisa ngokunembile ukuqina okukhulu okungasebenza kusuka ebhethrini phakathi kwemizuzwana engama-30. Lokhu kunquma ikhono lokuqala injini.

Ngakho-ke, ibhethri lingase lisekele i-voltage engaba ngu-12V, kodwa ayikwazi ukuhlinzeka okwamanje okwanele ukuqalisa isithuthuthu. Yilokhu okwenzeka ebhethrini lami ... eminyakeni eyi-10 kamuva. I-voltage yahlala ku-12 V, izibani zangaphambili zavula injini ngendlela efanele, kodwa azikwazanga ukuqala.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ibhethri eliholayo elingu-12V kufanele lishajwe ku-12,6V. Ingashajwa kufika ku-12,4V. Ibhekwa njengelahliwe ku-11V (ikakhulukazi ngezansi).

Kunalokho, ibhethri ye-lithium kufanele ibonise i-13V uma ingasebenzi. Ibhethri ye-lithium ishajwa kusetshenziswa ishaja ezinikele, hhayi ishaja eholayo. Amanye amashaja ayakwazi ukwenza kokubili.

Sulfate

Ibhethri i-sulfonated lapho i-lead sulfate ibonakala njengamakristalu amhlophe; i-sulfate, engase futhi ivele kumatheminali. Le sulfate, enqwabelana kuma-electrode, ikhishwa kuphela ngamashaja athile, angaqeda amanye awo ngokuthumela ama-electric impulses aguqula le sulfate ibe i-asidi.

2 izinhlobo zamabhethri

Ibhethri yakudala

Lawa mamodeli abonakala kalula ngama-fillers akhipheka kalula.

Zidinga ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile, ngokugcwaliswa kwamanzi ancibilikisiwe, ukuze zihlale zisezingeni elifanele. Izinga liboniswa imigqa emibili - ephansi futhi ephezulu - futhi kufanele ihlolwe njalo; okungenani kanye ngenyanga.

Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuzivikela okudingeka uyithathe ukuze ugcwalise kabusha ukuvikela izandla zakho ukuze ugweme ukuthola isifutho se-asidi ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa kabusha.

Uma izinga lidinga ukushintshwa njalo, ukushintshwa kwebhethri okuphelele kungase kucatshangelwe.

Qaphela! Ungalokothi ubuyisele i-asidi ezingxenyeni ezilulaza ubuhlungu. Ngaso sonke isikhathi sebenzisa amanzi ancibilikisiwe amaminerali kuphela (ungalokothi upophe amanzi).

Ibhethri elingalungiswa

Lawa mamodeli awahloselwe ukuvulwa. Akusekho ukuthuthukiswa koketshezi (okune-acidic). Nokho, izinga lomthwalo kufanele lihlolwe njalo futhi ligcinwe. Vele usebenzise i-voltmeter, ikakhulukazi ebusika lapho amakhaza esheshisa ukukhishwa kakhulu.

Muva nje, amabhethri ejeli abe nokusebenza kahle kakhulu kwamabhayisikili futhi akhipha okujulile. Ngakho, amabhethri ejeli angashiywa ekhishwe ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwenkinga; kuyilapho amabhethri ajwayelekile engakusekeli ukukhishwa okugcwele kahle kakhulu. Okuwukuphela kwabo okuwumphumela ukuthi bayakwazi ukubekezelela ukushajwa okuphansi / ukukhishwa kwemisinga kunamabhethri ajwayelekile e-lead-acid.

Isondlo

Okokuqala, kufanele kuqikelelwe ukuthi amatheminali amabhethri awaxegi noma agqwalile. Amafutha amancane kumatheminali azowavikela e-oxidation kahle kakhulu. Amatheminali ane-oxidized avimbela ukudlula kwamandla ngakho-ke ayashaja.

Sithatha ithuba lokuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri liphelele, liyavuza noma liyakhipha i-oxidizing noma livuvukele.

Shaja ibhethri

Uma ufuna ukukhipha ibhethri esithuthuthu, khulula i-pod enegethivu (emnyama), bese kuba iphozithivu (ebomvu) ukuze ugweme amaqhubu ejusi. Sizovuka sibheke kolunye uhlangothi, i.e. qala ngo-positive (obomvu) bese kuba-negethivu (omnyama).

Ingozi yokuqhubeka ngokuphambene iwukuletha ukhiye ukuthintana nohlaka lapho ithiphu elihle lithukululwa, okubangela "ijusi ye-forensic" engalawuleki, ukhiye uphenduke ube bomvu, itheminali yebhethri iyancibilika, futhi kukhona ingozi yokusha kanzima. lapho uzama ukususa ukhiye kanye nengozi yomlilo esithuthuthu.

Ungakwazi ukushiya ibhethri esithuthuthuni ukuze uyishaje ngenkathi injini icishiwe. Udinga nje ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ngokufaka i-circuit breaker (uyazi inkinobho enkulu ebomvu, ngokuvamile engakwesokudla sesondo lokuqondisa).

Amanye amashaja anikezela ngama-voltage ambalwa (6V, 9V, 12V, futhi ngezinye izikhathi angu-15V noma ngisho no-24V), udinga ukuhlola NGAPHAMBI kokushaja ibhethri ngokufanele: 12V ngokuvamile.

Iphuzu elilodwa lokugcina: isithuthuthu / ibhethri ngalinye linesivinini esijwayelekile sokulayisha: isibonelo 0,9 A x 5 amahora ngesivinini esiphezulu esingu-4,0 A x 1 ihora. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungalokothi weqe isivinini esikhulu sokulanda.

Okokugcina, ishaja efanayo ayisetshenziselwa amabhethri omthofu nawe-lithium ngaphandle uma uneshaja engakwenza kokubili. Ngokufanayo, ibhethri yesithuthuthu ayixhunyiwe ebhethri yemoto, engalimaza ibhethri kuphela, kodwa lonke uhlelo lukagesi lwesithuthuthu futhi, ikakhulukazi, izithuthuthu zakamuva, ezigqoke nge-elekthronikhi futhi zizwela kakhulu ekuqhumeni kwamandla kagesi. .

Ungathenga kuphi futhi ngayiphi intengo?

Umthengisi wakho uzokwazi ukukunikeza ibhethri elifanele lesithuthuthu sakho. Kukhona namawebhusayithi amaningi ku-inthanethi namuhla awathengisayo, kodwa angabizi ngempela, ikakhulukazi ngezindleko zokuthumela.

Kunamamodeli amaningi, asukela ngentengo elula kuye kokuphindwe kane, yesithuthuthu esifanayo. Ngakho-ke singanikeza isibonelo se-roadster efanayo ngentengo yokuqala ye-€ 25 (MOTOCELL) bese kuthi abanye ku-€ 40 (SAITO), € 80 (DELO) futhi ekugcineni € 110 (VARTA). Intengo ihlukaniswa ngekhwalithi, ukumelana nokukhishwa kanye nokuqina. Ngakho-ke, akufanele sigxumele kumodeli eshibhe kakhulu ngokuthi wenza isivumelwano esihle.

Amanye amasayithi ahlinzeka ngeshaja yanoma yiliphi ibhethri elithengiwe. Futhi, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwemikhiqizo emi-2 nangaphezulu phakathi kwamashaja angu-2. Ulwazi olwengeziwe ngamashaja amabhethri.

Hlola ngokucophelela ngaphambi koku-oda.

Ungalahli

Ungalokothi uphonse ibhethri emvelweni. Abathengisi bangakwazi ukukuqoqa kuwe futhi bakuthumele esikhungweni esifanelekile sokucubungula.