Izimoto ezinenjini ejikelezayo - yiziphi izinzuzo zazo?
Okuqukethwe
Ngokuvamile "inhliziyo" yomshini iyisistimu ye-cylinder-piston, okungukuthi, esekelwe ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe, kodwa kukhona enye inketho - izimoto ezijikelezayo.
Izimoto ezinenjini ejikelezayo - umehluko omkhulu
Ubunzima obuyinhloko ekusebenzeni kwezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ngamasilinda asendulo ukuguqulwa kokunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe kwama-pistons ku-torque, ngaphandle kwalokho amasondo ngeke ajikeleze.. Kungakho, kusukela ngesikhathi injini yokuqala evuthayo yangaphakathi idalwe, ososayensi kanye nochwepheshe abazifundisayo badidekile mayelana nendlela yokwenza injini enezingxenye ezijikelezayo kuphela. Uchwepheshe we-nugget waseJalimane u-Wankel uphumelele kulokhu.
Imidwebo yokuqala yasungulwa nguye ngo-1927, ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme. Ngokuzayo, umakhenikha wathenga ishabhu elincane wathola umqondo wakhe. Umphumela weminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi wawuyimodeli yokusebenza yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ejikelezayo, eyakhiwe ngokuhlanganyela nonjiniyela uWalter Freude. Umshini wabonakala ufana nemoto kagesi, okungukuthi, yayisekelwe ku-shaft ene-rotor ye-trihedral, efana kakhulu nonxantathu we-Reuleaux, owawuvalwe ekamelweni elimise okweqanda. Amakhona ancike ezindongeni, enza ukuthintana okunyakazayo nawo.
Umgodi we-stator (icala) uhlukaniswe ngomgogodla ube nenani lamakamelo ahambisana nenombolo yezinhlangothi zawo, futhi imijikelezo emithathu eyinhloko yenzelwe ukuguqulwa okukodwa kwe-rotor: umjovo kaphethiloli, ukuthungela, ukukhishwa kwegesi yokukhipha. Eqinisweni, kunezingu-5 zazo, kodwa ezimbili ezimaphakathi, ukucindezelwa kukaphethiloli nokunwetshwa kwegesi, azinakwa. Emjikelezweni owodwa ophelele, ama-revolution angu-3 we-shaft ayenzeka, futhi uma kubhekwa ukuthi ama-rotor amabili avame ukufakwa ku-antiphase, izimoto ezinenjini ejikelezayo zinamandla aphindwe izikhathi ezingu-3 kunezinhlelo ze-cylinder-piston zakudala.
Idume kangakanani injini ye-rotary diesel?
Izimoto zokuqala lapho i-Wankel ICE ifakwe khona kwakuyizimoto ze-NSU Spider zika-1964, ezinamandla angu-54 hp, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukusheshisa izimoto kuze kufike ku-150 km / h. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1967, kwasungulwa inguqulo yebhentshi ye-NSU Ro-80 sedan, enhle futhi enhle kakhulu, ene-hood ewumngcingo kanye ne-trunk ephakeme kancane. Ayizange ingene ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi. Kodwa-ke, yile moto eyenza izinkampani eziningi zithenge amalayisensi enjini ye-rotary diesel. Lezi zihlanganisa iToyota, Citroen, GM, Mazda. Akukho lapho okusanda kwenzeka khona. Kungani? Isizathu salokhu kwaba ukushiyeka kwayo okukhulu.
Igumbi elakhiwe izindonga ze-stator ne-rotor lidlula kakhulu umthamo we-cylinder yakudala, ingxube ye-fuel-air ayilingani.. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngisho nokusetshenziswa kokukhishwa kwe-synchronous kwamakhandlela amabili, ukushiswa okuphelele kwephethiloli akuqinisekisiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ayinayo imali futhi ayiyona imvelo. Yingakho, ngesikhathi kuqubuka inkinga kaphethiloli, i-NSU, eyabheja izinjini ezijikelezayo, yaphoqeleka ukuthi ihlangane neVolkswagen, lapho ama-Wankels alahliwe.
I-Mercedes-Benz ikhiqize izimoto ezimbili kuphela nge-rotor - i-C111 yokuqala (280 hp, 257.5 km / h, 100 km / h ngemizuzwana emi-5) neyesibili (350 hp, 300 km / h, 100 km / h ye-4.8) sec) izizukulwane. I-Chevrolet iphinde yakhipha izimoto ezimbili zokuhlola i-Corvette, enenjini enezigaba ezimbili engu-266 hp. kanye nesigaba sesine esingu-390 hp, kodwa yonke into yayinqunyelwe ekuboniseni kwabo. Iminyaka engu-2, kusukela ngo-1974, "Citroen" wakhiqiza 874 "Citroen GS" izimoto "Birotor" umthamo 107 hp kusukela umugqa womhlangano, bese ubizelwa ukuqedwa, kodwa mayelana 200 wahlala nabashayeli. Ngakho-ke, kunethuba lokuhlangana nabo namuhla emigwaqweni yaseJalimane, eDenmark noma eSwitzerland, ngaphandle uma, ngokuqinisekile, abanikazi babo banikezwe ukulungiswa okukhulu kwenjini ye-rotary.
I-Mazda yakwazi ukusungula ukukhiqizwa okuzinzile, kusukela ngo-1967 kuya ku-1972 kwakhiqizwa izimoto ze-Cosmo ezingu-1519, ezifakwe ochungechungeni lwezimoto ezingu-343 nezingu-1176. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Luce R130 coupe yakhiqizwa ngobuningi. I-Wankels yaqala ukufakwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-Mazda ngaphandle kokukhetha kusukela ngo-1970, kuhlanganise nebhasi leParkway Rotary 26, elithuthukisa isivinini esifinyelela ku-120 km / h ngesisindo esingama-2835 kg. Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhiqizwa kwezinjini ezijikelezayo kwaqala e-USSR, kodwa ngaphandle kwelayisensi, ngakho-ke, beza nezingqondo zabo besebenzisa isibonelo se-Wankel ehlakaziwe nge-NSU Ro-80.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwenziwa embonini ye-VAZ. Ngo-1976, injini ye-VAZ-311 yashintshwa ngokufanele, futhi eminyakeni eyisithupha kamuva i-VAZ-21018 brand ne-70 hp rotor yaqala ukukhiqizwa. Yiqiniso, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ye-piston yasheshe yafakwa kulo lonke uchungechunge, njengoba wonke "ama-wankel" aphuka ngesikhathi sokugijima, futhi kwakudingeka injini yokushintshanisa esikhundleni. Kusukela ngo-1983, i-VAZ-411 kanye ne-VAZ-413 onobuhle ye-120 ne-140 hp yaqala ukuphuma emgqeni womhlangano. ngokulandelana. Babehlome ngamayunithi amaphoyisa omgwaqo, uMnyango Wezangaphakathi kanye ne-KGB. Ama-rotor manje aphethwe kuphela yi-Mazda.
Kungenzeka yini ukulungisa injini ye-rotary ngezandla zakho?
Kunzima kakhulu ukwenza noma yini uwedwa nge-Wankel ICE. Isenzo esifinyeleleka kakhulu ukushintshwa kwamakhandlela. Emamodeli okuqala, ayefakwe ngqo ku-shaft engaguquki, lapho hhayi kuphela i-rotor ejikelezayo, kodwa futhi nomzimba ngokwawo. Kamuva, ngokuphambene nalokho, i-stator yenziwa inganyakazi ngokufaka amakhandlela angu-2 odongeni lwayo ngokuphambene nomjovo wamafutha kanye nama-valve okukhipha. Noma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi wokulungisa, uma ujwayele izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zepiston, cishe akunakwenzeka.
Enjinini ye-Wankel, kunezingxenye ezimbalwa ngo-40% kune-ICE ejwayelekile, ukusebenza kwayo okusekelwe ku-CPG (iqembu le-cylinder-piston).
I-shaft beararing liners iyashintshwa uma ithusi liqala ukubonakala, ngenxa yalokhu sisusa amagiya, siwashintshe bese sicindezela amagiya futhi. Bese sihlola izimpawu futhi, uma kunesidingo, sizishintshe futhi. Uma ulungisa injini ye-rotary ngezandla zakho, qaphela lapho ukhipha futhi ufaka iziphethu zendandatho ye-oil scraper, ezingaphambili nangemuva ziyahluka ngokuma. Amapuleti okuphela nawo ayashintshwa uma kunesidingo, futhi kufanele afakwe ngokumaka incwadi.
Ama-Corner seals afakwe ngokuyinhloko ohlangothini olungaphambili lwe-rotor, kungakuhle ukuthi uwafake kugrisi ye-Castrol eluhlaza ukuze uwalungise ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa komshini. Ngemuva kokufaka i-shaft, ama-seal ekhoneni angemuva afakiwe. Lapho ubeka ama-gaskets ku-stator, gcoba nge-sealant. Ama-apex aneziphethu afakwa ezimpawu zekhoneni ngemuva kokuthi i-rotor ibekwe endlini ye-stator. Okokugcina, ama-gaskets esigaba sangaphambili nangemuva agcotshwa nge-sealant ngaphambi kokuba izembozo ziboshwe.
