Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo. Amaphutha ayi-10 ajwayelekile abashayeli alimaza imishini yokuthengisa

Ama-automatic transmission anabasekeli abaqinile nabamelene naye. Abokuqala bayakwazisa ukunethezeka nokushelela kokushayela, ikakhulukazi edolobheni. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi ukushintsha okuzenzakalelayo kuqeda injabulo yokushayela ngenxa yokuxhumana okuyingqayizivele "komshini" phakathi komuntu nemoto.

Iphuzu, nokho, ukuthi ama-automatics athola ukuthandwa kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa abantu abangakaze babhekane nalolu hlobo lokudlulisela phambilini. Ukuze ujabulele ukunethezeka kokushayela kanye nokusebenza okungenazinkinga kwalesi simiso esiyinkimbinkimbi isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho embalwa elula ekusebenziseni kwansuku zonke kokudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo. Kumhlahlandlela wethu, sitshela abantu ngemisebenzi ethile engafanele i-automata.

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UKUSHINTSHA IZINDLELA ZOKUSHAYELA NGAPHANDLE KUKUMISWA NGOKUPHELELE KWEMOTO

Zombili izinguquko ezindleleni zokushayela - ukushintsha phakathi kokuya phambili (D) nokuhlehla (R), kanye nokusetha isikhethi endaweni "yokupaka" kufanele kwenziwe imoto imiswe ngokuphelele nge-pedal yebhuleki icindezelekile. Amabhokisi esimanje anokhiye wokuvimbela ukuphonsa i-P ngenkathi uhamba, kodwa kumadizayini amadala leli phutha lingenzeka futhi libize. Okuhlukile yizinhlobo ezingu-3,2,1 kuma-gearbox amadala, esingawashintsha uma ushayela. Lawa mamodi akhiya amagiya, avimbele ukugudluka ukuthi angagudluki ngaphezu kwemaka kusikhethi. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isivinini esifuna ngaso, isibonelo, ukuya phansi, kufanele sihambisane ngokufanele nesilinganiso segiya.

IMODI UMA USHAYELA

Ukugcotshwa kubaluleke kakhulu kuma-automatic transmissions. Ngenkathi ngesikhathi sokushayela okuvamile kumodi engu-D, iphampu inikeza ukucindezela kwamafutha okulungile, lapho sishintshela kumodi engu-N emotweni ehambayo, yehla kakhulu. Lokhu kuziphatha ngeke kuholele ekuhlulekeni ngokushesha kokudluliselwa, kodwa ngokuqinisekile kuzofinyeza ukuphila kwayo. Ukwengeza, lapho ushintsha amamodi phakathi kuka-N no-D emotweni ehambayo, ngenxa yomehluko wejubane lenjini (bese ewela engenzi lutho) namasondo, i-clutch yokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo iyahlupheka, okumele imelane nemithwalo esindayo.

I-N NOMA Imodi ye-PW NGESIKHATHI SOKUKHANYA Okungenzi lutho

Okokuqala, ukushintsha amamodi kuya ku-P noma ku-N ngesikhathi sokuma okufushane, isibonelo, endaweni yerobhothi, kungqubuzana nomqondo wokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo, lapho ukubamba iqhaza komshayeli ekulawuleni ukudluliswa kuncishisiwe. Okwesibili, kaningi kakhulu futhi kulokhu ukushwibeka ngokweqile kwesikhethi segiya kuholela ekugugeni ngokushesha kwama-clutch disc. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma imoto ipakwe "Park" mode (P) erobhothini futhi enye imoto ingena emotweni yethu ngemuva, sinesiqinisekiso somonakalo omkhulu ku-gearbox.

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INTABA EPHANSI KUYA KU-D noma E-N

Kuma-automatic transmissions amadala angenawo amandla okushintsha amagiya, sinokukhetha izinhlelo (imvamisa) 3,2,1. Basho ukuthi u-gearbox ngeke ugudluze igiya elingaphezu kwelenombolo enikeziwe eyisikhethi. Zisetshenziswa nini? Nakanjani bazofika kahle ezintabeni. Ngesikhathi sokwehla okude nalezi zinhlelo kufanelekile ukwandisa ukubhuleka kwenjini. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema ingozi yokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kwamabhuleki ngenxa yokushisa kwamabhuleki, ngoba kumodi ye-D akukho cishe ukubhuleka kwenjini, futhi ukudluliselwa kushintshela kumagiya aphezulu lapho imoto isheshisa. Emotweni eshintshwayo, siyazama ukuwakhetha ukuze ukubhuleka kwenjini kusebenze ngendlela esingakwazi ngayo. Ungashayeli wehle ngendlela engu-N. Ngaphandle kokucela ukuncibilikisa amabhuleki, ungamosha no-gearbox. Amasondo emoto ehambayo adala ukuthi ukudluliselwa kwemoto kusheshise futhi kukhuphule izinga lokushisa layo ngenkathi injini ingenzi lutho ngaphandle kokucindezela okufanelekile kwamafutha noma ukupholisa. Kwesinye isikhathi ukwehla okukodwa kwamakhilomitha ambalwa kwimodi ye-N kungaphenduka ukwehlela esitolo sokulungisa ama-gearbox.

UMZAMO WOKUPHUMA KUKHISIMUSI KWA-D, RISE

Ebusika, ukubhajwa endaweni yeqhwa akumnandi kakhulu. Uma esimweni sokudluliswa kwezandla, enye yezindlela zokunakekela kungase kube ukuzama ukuzamazama imoto - emuva naphambili, usebenzisa amagiya okuqala nangemuva, khona-ke esimweni sokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, sincoma ukuthi uqaphele lolu daba. Ngokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, lokhu kunzima kakhulu ukukwenza, ngoba isikhathi sokusabela kwimodi sishintsha, ngakho-ke isikhathi lapho amasondo eqala ukuphendukela ngakolunye uhlangothi, yinde. Ngaphezu kwalokho - ukushintsha izindlela ngokushesha, ngokushesha kusuka ku-D kuya ku-R futhi ngokushesha wengeze igesi, singabhubhisa isifuba. Uma i-automatic transmission ingena kwenye yalezi zindlela, kuthatha isikhathi ngaphambi kokuthi amandla adluliselwe emasondweni. Ukuzama ukwengeza igesi ngokushesha ngemva kokushintsha imodi kunesici "sokungingiza" okufanele sigwenywe. Uma imoto enesibhamu ishona phansi, sivimba ibhokisi ngegiya eliphansi kakhulu futhi sizame ukuphuma ngokucophelela. Uma lokho kungasebenzi, kungcono ukufuna usizo. Kuzoshibhile kunokulungisa u-gearbox.

UKUSHAYELA OKUNONYAZI KU-GEARBOX OMANDLA

Imithetho evamile yokusebenza kwemoto ithi amakhilomitha okuqala ngemva kokuqala imoto ebandayo akufanele iqhutshwe ngokufutheka, kodwa ngokuthula. Lokhu kuzovumela ukuthi zonke izinto eziwuketshezi zifudumale - khona-ke zizofinyelela izinga lokushisa labo lokusebenza, lapho zisebenza kahle kakhulu. Lesi simiso sisebenza nakuma-othomathikhi. Amafutha e-automatic yakudala awuketshezi oludlala indima ebalulekile ekudluliseleni i-torque emasondweni, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukunikeza umzuzu owodwa ukuze ufudumale, ugweme ukushayela okunolaka ngokushesha ngemva kokuqalisa imoto.

UKUTHOLAKALA KWE-TRAILER

Ama-automatic transmissions yizingxenye ezizwelayo ekushiseni ngokweqile. Ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile, izinga lokushisa labo alidluli imingcele eyingozi. Isimo siyashintsha uma sihlela ukudonsa inqola enzima. Ngaphambi kokuthi senze lokho, ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi imoto yethu inawo yini uwoyela ohambisa uwoyela. Uma kungenjalo, kufanele sicabange ukuyifaka. Abanikazi bezimoto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kweYurophu kufanele baqaphele ngokukhethekile. Izimoto eziningi zaseMelika—ngaphandle kwamaloli amakhulu nama-SUV aklanyelwe ukudonsa ama-trailer—azinawo uwoyela opholile.

AKUKHO UKUSHINTSHA KWAMAFUTHA

Nakuba abakhiqizi abaningi abahlinzeki ngokushintsha uwoyela ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo kwempilo yemoto, kufanelekile ukukwenza. Mechanics ukweluleka ukunamathela ngezikhathi 60-80 ayizinkulungwane. km. Amafutha asebhokisini, njenganoma yiluphi olunye uketshezi emotweni, aguga, alahlekelwe izakhiwo zawo. Ake sibuyele emuva kancane eminyakeni engu-30 edlule. Ezincwadini zezimoto ze-80s, ukushintsha uwoyela ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo kwakubhekwa njengento evamile. Ngabe o-gearbox namafutha ashintshile kakhulu kusukela lapho kangangokuthi ukushintsha uwoyela sekuwumsebenzi ongenasidingo? Hhayi cha. Abakhiqizi bacabanga ukuthi u-gearbox uzohlala impilo yonke yemoto. Ake sengeze - hhayi isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uma kwenzeka ukuwohloka, kungashintshwa kufakwe entsha, kushiye imali eningi endaweni. Uma sifuna ukusebenza okude futhi okungenazinkinga kwe-automatic transmission, ake sishintshe uwoyela kuwo. Lokhu kuyizindleko ezingelutho uma kuqhathaniswa nokuyilungisa noma ukuyishintsha.

UKUTHOLAKALA IMOTO

Wonke ama-automatic transmission anemodi engathathi hlangothi (N), ebhalwe kumanuwali ehambisana ne-"backlash". Ngokombono, uma imoto ingakwazi ukuhamba, kufanele isetshenziselwe ukudonsa. Abakhiqizi bakuvumela lokhu ngokubeka isivinini (imvamisa kufika ku-50 km/h) nebanga (imvamisa lifika ku-50 km). Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthobela le mikhawulo futhi udonse imoto ezishintshayo kuphela esimweni esiphuthumayo. Ibhokisi alinakho okokugcoba okudonsayo futhi kulula kakhulu ukuphuka. Kalula nje, kuzohlala kuyisixazululo esiphephile (futhi esishibhile) sokubiza iloli elidonsayo..