I-Antifreeze G12, izici zayo kanye nomehluko kuma-antifreezes wezinye izigaba

I-Antifreeze - i-coolant esekelwe ku-ethylene noma i-propylene glycol, ehunyushwa ngokuthi "I-Antifreeze", isuka esiNgisini samazwe ngamazwe, njengokuthi "okungaqandisi". I-antifreeze ye-Class G12 yakhelwe ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni kusukela ngo-96 kuya ku-2001, izimoto zesimanje ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ama-antifreeze angu-12+, 12 plus plus noma ama-g13.

"Isihluthulelo sokusebenza okuzinzile kwesistimu yokupholisa i-antifreeze yekhwalithi ephezulu"

Siyini isici se-G12 antifreeze

I-antifreeze ene-class G12 ivamise ukujika ibe bomvu noma ebomvana, kanti futhi, uma iqhathaniswa ne-antifreeze noma i-antifreeze G11, inesikhathi eside. impilo yesevisi - kusukela eminyakeni emi-4 kuya kwemi-5. I-G12 ayinawo ama-silicates ekubunjweni kwayo, isekelwe ku-ethylene glycol kanye ne-carboxylate compounds. Ngenxa yephakheji elengeziwe, ebusweni ngaphakathi kwebhulokhi noma i-radiator, ukugqwala kwendawo kwenzeka kuphela lapho kudingekile, kwakha ifilimu encane ephikisanayo. Ngokuvamile lolu hlobo lwe-antifreeze luthululelwa ohlelweni lokupholisa lwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi enesivinini esikhulu. Hlanganisa i-antifreeze g12 kanye nokupholisa elinye ikilasi - okungamukelekile.

Kodwa unokususa okukodwa okukhulu - i-antifreeze ye-G12 iqala ukusebenza kuphela lapho isikhungo sokugqwala sesivele sivele. Nakuba lesi senzo siqeda ukubonakala kwesendlalelo esivikelayo kanye nokuchithwa kwayo ngokushesha ngenxa yokudlidliza noshintsho lokushisa, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa ukudluliswa kokushisa nokusebenzisa isikhathi eside.

Izici eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe zekilasi G12

Imele uketshezi olubonisa ngale okufanayo ngaphandle kokungcola komshini kombala obomvu noma ophinki. I-antifreeze ye-G12 i-ethylene glycol ene-2 ​​noma ngaphezulu ye-carboxylic acid, ayikhi ifilimu yokuzivikela, kodwa ithinta izikhungo zokugqwala ezakhiwe kakade. Ukuminyana kungu-1,065 - 1,085 g/cm3 (ku-20°C). Iphuzu lokuqandisa lingaphakathi kwamadigri angu-50 ngaphansi kweziro, futhi indawo yokubilisa icishe ibe +118°C. Izici zokushisa zincike ekugxilweni kotshwala be-polyhydric (i-ethylene glycol noma i-propylene glycol). Imvamisa, iphesenti yotshwala obunjalo ku-antifreeze yi-50-60%, okuvumela ukuthi ufeze ukusebenza kahle. Ihlanzekile, ngaphandle kokungcola, i-ethylene glycol iwuketshezi olunamafutha angama-viscous futhi olungenambala olunomthamo we-1114 kg / m3 nendawo yokubilisa engu-197 ° C, futhi iqhwa ku-13 ° C imizuzu. Ngakho-ke, udayi wengezwa ku-antifreeze ukuze unikeze ubuntu kanye nokubonakala okukhulu kwezinga le-liquid ethangini. I-Ethylene glycol iwushevu wokudla onamandla kunawo wonke, umphumela wawo ungancishiswa ngotshwala obujwayelekile.

Khumbula ukuthi okokupholisa umzimba kuyabulala. Ukuze uthole umphumela obulalayo, i-100-200 g ye-ethylene glycol izokwanela. Ngakho-ke, i-antifreeze kufanele ifihlelwe izingane ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba umbala ogqamile obukeka njengesiphuzo esiphundu unesithakazelo esikhulu kubo.

Iqukethe ini i-antifreeze ye-G12

Ukwakheka kwe-antifreeze class G12 concentrate kuhlanganisa:

• i-dihydric alcohol ethylene glycol cishe amaphesenti angama-90 yenani eliphelele elidingekayo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqandisa;
• amanzi afakwe emanzini, cishe amaphesenti amahlanu;
• udayi (umbala uvame ukukhomba isigaba sokupholisa, kodwa kungase kube khona okuhlukile);
• iphakheji elengeziwe okungenani amaphesenti angu-5, njengoba i-ethylene glycol inolaka ezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi, izinhlobo eziningana ze-phosphate noma izithasiselo ze-carboxylate ezisekelwe ku-organic acid zengezwa kuyo, zisebenza njenge-inhibitor, ezivumela ukuba zinciphise umthelela omubi. Ama-antifreeze anesethi ehlukile yezithasiselo enza umsebenzi wawo ngezindlela ezahlukene, futhi umehluko wawo omkhulu usezindleleni zokulwa nokugqwala.

Ngokungeziwe kuma-corrosion inhibitors, isethi yezithako ku-G12 coolant ihlanganisa izithasiselo nezinye izakhiwo ezidingekayo. Isibonelo, into epholile kufanele ibe ne-anti-foaming, izakhiwo zokugcoba kanye nezingoma ezivimbela ukubonakala kwesikali.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-G12 ne-G11, G12+ ne-G13

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-antifreezes, njenge-G11, G12 ne-G13, ziyahlukahluka ohlotsheni lwezithako ezisetshenziswayo: i-organic and inorganic.

Ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana nama-antifreeze, uyini umehluko phakathi kwawo nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani isipholile esifanele

Ukupholisa uketshezi lwesigaba G11 lwemvelaphi ye-inorganic ngesethi encane yezithako, ukuba khona kwama-phosphates nama-nitrate. I-antifreeze enjalo yenziwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-silicate. Izithasiselo ze-silicate zihlanganisa indawo yangaphakathi yesistimu ngesendlalelo sokuzivikela esiqhubekayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona izindawo zokugqwala. Nakuba ungqimba olunjalo ivikela izikhungo ezivele zikhona zokugqwala ekubhujisweni. I-antifreeze enjalo inozinzo oluphansi, ukudluliswa kokushisa okungekuhle kanye nempilo yesevisi emfushane, ngemva kwalokho iyawa, yakhe i-abrasive futhi ngaleyo ndlela ilimaza izakhi zesistimu yokupholisa.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-antifreeze ye-G11 idala ungqimba olufana nesikali ku-kettle, ayifanele ukupholisa izimoto zanamuhla ezinama-radiator aneziteshi ezincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yokubilisa ye-cooler enjalo ingu-105 ° C, futhi impilo yesevisi ayikho ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-2 noma i-50-80 km eyizinkulungwane. gijima.

Ngokuvamile I-G11 antifreeze iba luhlaza noma imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lokhu kupholisa kuyasetshenziswa ezimotweni ezakhiwe ngaphambi kuka-1996 unyaka kanye nemoto enomthamo omkhulu wesistimu yokupholisa.

I-G11 ayiwafaneleki kahle ama-heatsink namabhlogo we-aluminium njengoba izithasiselo zayo zingakwazi ukuvikela ngokwanele le nsimbi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

E-Europe, ukucaciswa okugunyaziwe kwamakilasi e-antifreeze kungokwaVolkswagen, ngakho-ke, ukumakwa kwe-VW TL 774-C okuhambisanayo kunikeza ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo ze-inorganic ku-antifreeze futhi kuqokwe ukuthi G 11. Ukucaciswa kwe-VW TL 774-D kuhlinzekela ubukhona bezithasiselo ze-organic-based carboxylic acid futhi zilebulwe ngokuthi G 12. Amazinga e-VW TL 774-F kanye ne-VW TL 774-G amakwe ngamakilasi G12 + kanye ne-G12 ++, futhi i-antifreeze ye-G13 eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebiza kakhulu ilawulwa yi- I-VW TL 774-J ejwayelekile. Nakuba abanye abakhiqizi abanjengoFord noma Toyota banezindinganiso zabo zekhwalithi. Ngendlela, awukho umehluko phakathi kwe-antifreeze ne-antifreeze. I-Tosol ingenye yemikhiqizo ye-antifreeze yamaminerali yaseRussia, engaklanyelwe ukusebenza ezinjini nge-aluminium block.

Akunakwenzeka neze ukuxuba ama-antifreeze e-organic kanye ne-inorganic, ngoba inqubo yokuhlangana izokwenzeka futhi ngenxa yalokho kuzovela imvula ngendlela yama-flakes!

A amamaki liquid I-G12, G12+ ne-G13 izinhlobo ze-organic antifreeze "Impilo ende". Isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokupholisa izimoto zesimanje ekhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1996 i-G12 kanye ne-G12+ ngokusekelwe ku-ethylene glycol kodwa kuphela I-G12 plus ibandakanya ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuyingxube ukukhiqizwa lapho ubuchwepheshe be-silicate buhlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe be-carboxylate. Ngo-2008, isigaba se-G12 ++ siphinde savela, oketshezini olunjalo, isisekelo se-organic sihlanganiswa nenani elincane lezithasiselo zamaminerali (okuthiwa ilobrid I-lobrid noma izipholile ze-SOAT). Kuma-antifreeze ayi-hybrid, izithasiselo eziphilayo zixubene nezithasiselo ezingaphili (ama-silicates, ama-nitrites nama-phosphates angasetshenziswa). Inhlanganisela enjalo yobuchwepheshe yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqeda i-drawback eyinhloko ye-antifreeze ye-G12 - hhayi kuphela ukuqeda ukugqwala lapho sekuvele kubonakala, kodwa futhi ukwenza isenzo sokuvimbela.

I-G12+, ngokungafani ne-G12 noma i-G13, ingaxutshwa noketshezi lwesigaba se-G11 noma se-G12, kodwa noma kunjalo “ingxube” enjalo ayinconywa.

Ukupholisa uketshezi lwekilasi G13 yakhiwe kusukela ngo-2012 futhi yakhelwe kuma-ICE enjini asebenza ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu. Ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, alinawo umehluko ku-G12, umehluko kuphela ukuthi eyenziwe nge-propylene glycol, engenabuthi obuncane, ibola ngokushesha, okusho ukuthi kubangela ukulimala okuncane endaweni ezungezile lapho ilahlwa futhi inani layo liphezulu kakhulu kune-antifreeze ye-G12. Kuqanjwe ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zokuthuthukisa amazinga emvelo. I-antifreeze ye-G13 ivame ukuba nsomi noma i-pink, nakuba empeleni ingapendwa nganoma imuphi umbala, njengoba iwudayi nje lapho izici zayo zingancikile, abakhiqizi abahlukene bangakhiqiza ama-coolants anemibala ehlukene kanye nemithunzi.

Umehluko esenzweni se-carboxylate ne-silicate antifreeze

Ukuhambisana kwe-antifreeze ye-G12

Kungenzeka yini ukuxuba ama-antifreeze amakilasi ahlukene nemibala ehlukene enentshisekelo kubanikazi bezimoto abambalwa abangenalwazi abathenge imoto esetshenzisiwe futhi abazi ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-coolant olugcwaliswe ethangini lokunweba.

Uma udinga kuphela ukwengeza i-antifreeze, khona-ke kufanele wazi kahle ukuthi yini okwamanje ethelwa ohlelweni, ngaphandle kwalokho usengozini yokuthola ukulungisa hhayi kuphela uhlelo lokupholisa, kodwa futhi nokulungiswa kweyunithi yonke. Kunconywa ukukhipha ngokuphelele uketshezi oludala bese ugcwalisa olusha.

Njengoba sike sabhekana nakho ngaphambili, umbala awuphazamisi impahla, futhi abakhiqizi abahlukene bangapenda ngemibala ehlukene, kodwa kusefana kunezinkambiso ezamukelwa ngokuvamile. Ama-antifreeze avamile aluhlaza, okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, opinki nowolintshi. Ezinye izindinganiso zingase zilawule ukusetshenziswa koketshezi lwe-shades ehlukahlukene, kodwa umbala we-antifreeze uyindlela yokugcina okufanele icatshangelwe. Nakuba ngokuvamile okuluhlaza kusetshenziselwa ukukhomba uketshezi lwesigaba esiphansi kakhulu I-G11 (silicate). Ngakho-ke ake sithi hlanganisa i-antifreeze G12 ebomvu nepinki (carboxylate) kuvunyelwe, kanye nama-antifreeze asuselwa ku-organic-based kuphela noma uketshezi olususelwa ku-inorganic, kodwa udinga ukwazi ukuthi kusuka kubakhiqizi abahlukene "cooler" kungaba nge isethi ezahlukene izithasiselo kanye nekhemi. ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusabela okungenakuqagelwa! Ukungahambelani okunjalo kwe-G12 antifreeze kusethubeni elikhulu lokuthi ukusabela kungase kwenzeke phakathi kwezithasiselo ezifakwe ekwakhiweni kwazo, okuzohambisana nemvula noma ukuwohloka kwezici zobuchwepheshe zesipholile.

Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukugcina injini evuthayo yangaphakathi isebenza, gcwalisa i-antifreeze yohlobo olufanayo kanye nekilasi, noma khipha ngokuphelele uketshezi oludala bese ufaka esikhundleni salo olwaziyo. encane ukugcwalisa uketshezi kungenziwa ngamanzi a-distilled.

Uma ufuna ukushintsha usuka kwelinye ikilasi le-antifreeze uye kwelinye, kufanele futhi usule isistimu yokupholisa ngaphambi kokuyishintsha.

Iyiphi i-antifreeze ongayikhetha

Lapho umbuzo uphathelene nokukhethwa kwe-antifreeze, hhayi kuphela ngombala, kodwa futhi ngeklasi, ke kunconywa ukusebenzisa lowo umenzi awubonisa ethangini lokunweba noma imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe yemoto. Njengoba, uma ithusi noma ithusi kwakusetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwe-radiator yokupholisa (efakwe ezimotweni ezindala), ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwe-antifreezes ephilayo akuthandeki.

Ama-antifreeze angaba yizinhlobo ezi-2: agxilile futhi asevele ahlanjululwe efektri. Ekuboneni kuqala, kubonakala sengathi akukho mehluko omkhulu, futhi abashayeli abaningi bayeluleka ukuthatha i-concentrate, bese uyihlanza ngamanzi a-distilled ngokwakho, kuphela ngokulingana (1 kuya ku-1 ngezimo zethu zezulu), echaza lokhu ngokuthi wena. abathululi amanga , kodwa ngeshwa, ukuthatha ukugxilisa ingqondo akulungile ngokuphelele. Hhayi nje ngoba ukuxuba esitshalweni kunembile kakhulu, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuthi amanzi esitshalweni ahlungiwe ezingeni lamangqamuzana futhi ahlanjululwe, kubonakala kungcolile uma kuqhathaniswa, ngakho kamuva lokhu kungathinta ukubonakala kwamadiphozithi.

Akunakwenzeka neze ukusebenzisa i-concentrate ngendlela yayo ehlanzekile engahlanjululwanga, ngoba ngokwayo iqhwa ku--12 degrees.

Indlela yokunciphisa i-antifreeze kunqunywa ithebula:

Indlela yokunciphisa kahle i-antifreeze concentrate

Lapho umshisekeli wemoto, lapho ekhetha ukuthi iyiphi i-antifreeze engcono ukuyigcwalisa, igxila kuphela kumbala (oluhlaza, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma obomvu), okusobala ukuthi akulungile, khona-ke singaluleka lokhu kuphela:

• emotweni ene-radiator yethusi noma yethusi ene-cast-iron blocks, i-antifreeze eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma i-antifreeze (G11) ithululelwa;
• kuma-radiator e-aluminium kanye namabhuloki enjini yezimoto zanamuhla, athululela i-antifreeze e-orange (G12, G12 +);
• ukuze bagcwalise, lapho bengazi ukuthi yini ngempela egcwaliswe, basebenzisa i-G12 + ne-G12 ++.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-antifreeze ebomvu, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Lapho ukhetha i-antifreeze, naka lokho okuzokwenza:

• kwakungekho inzika phansi;
• ukupakishwa bekusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ngaphandle kwamaphutha kulebula;
• kwakungekho phunga elinamandla;
• inani le-pH lalingekho ngaphansi kuka-7,4-7,5;
• inani lemakethe.

Ukushintshwa okufanele kwe-antifreeze kuhlobene ngokuqondile nezici zobuchwepheshe zemoto, kanye nokucaciswa okuthile, futhi umenzi wezimoto ngamunye unokwakhe.

Uma usuvele ukhethe inketho engcono kakhulu ye-antifreeze, khona-ke ngezikhathi ezithile qiniseka ukuthi uqapha umbala nesimo sayo. Uma umbala ushintsha kakhulu, lokhu kubonisa izinkinga ku-CO noma kubonisa i-antifreeze yekhwalithi ephansi. Izinguquko zombala zenzeka lapho i-antifreeze ilahlekelwe izici zayo zokuzivikela, khona-ke kufanele ishintshwe.