Ama-Breathalyzers okuhlolwa kwangaphambi kohambo lwabashayeli: izici namamodeli
Abashayeli bezimoto zentengiso kudingeka bahlolwe ngaphambi kohambo ngaphambi kohambo ngalunye. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kulabo abathwala abagibeli noma izimpahla eziyingozi. Elinye lamaphuzu okuhlolwa kwangaphambi kohambo ukunqunywa kotshwala emoyeni okhishwa umoya. Ungahlola lesi sikhombisi usebenzisa i-breathalyzer.
Kuwebhusayithi yeVodi.su, sesivele sikhulume ngokukhethwa kwama-amateur breathalyzers, angathengwa cishe kunoma yisiphi isitolo. Ngeshwa, banikeza amaphutha amaningi kakhulu, ngakho izinhlangano zithenga amadivaysi athembekile kakhudlwana.
Endaweni yobungcweti, babelana ngokusobala:
- i-breathalyzer - idivayisi yokulinganisa ye-amateur enephutha elikhulu nenani elincane lezilinganiso, ingasetshenziswa izikhathi ezingu-1-2 kuphela ngesonto ngezidingo zakho;
- I-breathalyzer iyisisetshenziswa esisebenzayo, sisetshenziswa nje emabhizinisini, kulapho impela iphoyisa lomgwaqo lizokwenza ukuthi ushaye umoya.
Idivayisi ye-Breathalyzer
Idivayisi ilula kakhulu - kunembobo yokungenisa umoya. I-breathalyzer ingaba ne-mouthpiece, ngaphandle komlomo, noma ngisho nedivayisi ekhethekile yokudonsa. Umoya okhishwe ngaphandle uyangena, ukwakheka kwawo kuhlaziywa kusetshenziswa inzwa.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinzwa:
- i-semiconductor;
- i-electrochemical;
- i-infrared.
Uma uthenge umhloli ozowusebenzisa wena ngentengo encane, kuzoba yi-semiconductor. Isimiso sokusebenza kwayo silula: inzwa iyisakhiwo se-crystalline, ama-vapor adlula kuwo, ama-molecule e-ethanol adonswa ngaphakathi kwenzwa futhi ashintshe ukuqhutshwa kagesi kwento. Okuqukethwe kotshwala ekukhipheni umoya kunqunywa ukuthi i-conductivity ishintsha kangakanani.
Kuyacaca ukuthi ngohlelo olunjalo lomsebenzi, isikhathi siyadingeka kuze kube yilapho umhwamuko wotshwala ukhuphuka ku-sorbent. Ngokufanelekile, umhloli akakwazi ukusetshenziswa kaningi.
Ama-infrared kanye ne-electrochemical breathalyzers ahlukaniswa njengochwepheshe. Owokuqala unikeza imiphumela enembe kakhulu. Ngamafuphi, angama-spectrographs futhi aklanyelwe igagasi elithile lokumunca, okungukuthi, azobamba ngokunembile ama-molecule e-ethanol emoyeni. Yiqiniso, inkinga yabo ukuthi ukunemba kokufundwayo kuncike kakhulu ekushiseni okuzungezile. Zisetshenziswa ezindaweni zosizo lokuqala, ezindaweni zokusebenzela, ezindaweni eziphathwayo. Iphutha alidluli ku-0,01 ppm.
I-Electrochemical nayo inokunemba okuphezulu - +/- 0,02 ppm. Azincikile ekushiseni okuzungezile, ngakho zisetshenziswa emaphoyiseni omgwaqo. Uma sikhuluma ngokuhlolwa kwangaphambi kohambo, khona-ke kokubili i-infrared (noma ithuthuke kakhulu - i-nanotechnological enenzwa ye-infrared) kanye ne-electrochemical isetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kohambo.
Izidingo zama-breathalyzer anjalo ziqinile kakhulu:
- eyenzelwe inani elikhulu lezilinganiso - kufika ku-300 ngosuku;
- ukunemba okuphezulu - 0,01-0,02 ppm;
- ukulinganisa okuvamile okungenani izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngonyaka.
Amamodeli amaningi abahloli afakwe amaphrinta ukuze aphrinte imiphumela yokulinganisa ephepheni elishisayo. Lokhu okuphrintiwe kube sekunamathiselwe ku-waybill yomshayeli noma kunamathiselwe kufolda yakhe ukuze kuqinisekiswe iqiniso lokuhlolwa kwangaphambi kohambo lapho kunjalo.
Siyaqaphela futhi ukuthi okubizwa ngokuthi ama-autoblockers (alcoblocks) anemojula ye-GPS / GLONASS nawo avele. Axhunywe ohlelweni lokuzulazula lwemoto futhi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi inhloko yenkampani yezokuthutha, iphoyisa lomgwaqo noma iziphathimandla ezilawulayo zingase zidinge ukuthi umshayeli avuthele eshubhu. Uma izinga le-ethanol leqiwe, injini ivinjwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ingavulwa kuphela omunye umshayeli onekhadi le-tachograph lale moto.
Amamodeli e-breathalyzer atholakala ngokwentengiso ngaphambi kohambo
Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi izinsimbi zokulinganisa ezichwepheshile aziwona amadivaysi ashibhile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadivaysi aphumelele zonke izivivinyo ezidingekayo futhi athola isitifiketi sokubhalisa eMnyangweni Wezempilo waseRussian Federation avunyelwe ukusetshenziswa. Okusho ukuthi, uhlu lwabo luvunyelwe ngokomthetho, nakuba luvuselelwa njalo njengoba amamodeli athuthuke kakhulu avela emakethe.
I-Alcotector ingahlukaniswa kuma-breathalyzers aseRussia I-Jupiter-K, intengo yayo ingama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-75.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- iphutha alidluli ku-0,02 ppm;
- inani lezilinganiso - kufika ku-500 ngosuku (akukho ngaphezu kwe-100, ngaphansi kokuphrinta kokufunda);
- kukhona iphrinta eyakhelwe ngaphakathi;
- izilinganiso zingathathwa ngezikhawu zemizuzwana eyi-10;
- kukhona imojula ye-GLONASS / GPS yokulungisa indawo yokungenisa umoya emephini;
- kukhona i-Bluetooth.
Ifakwe isikrini sokuthinta, ingaxhunywa kunethiwekhi yemoto eyi-12/24 Volt nge-adaptha efakiwe. Impilo yesevisi ngaphandle kokulinganisa ifinyelela unyaka owodwa.
Kwabashibhile, umuntu angaphawula I-AlcoScreen ekhiqizwa eCanada. Idivayisi ifakwe inzwa ye-electrochemical, ilula kakhulu, isebenza ngamabhethri, inikeza imiphumela enembile. Idizayinelwe izilinganiso ezingu-5000 ngaphandle kokulinganisa. Ukulinganisa kufanele kwenziwe njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Okusho ukuthi, kuyisinqumo esihle enkampanini encane enabashayeli abangafika kwabangama-20. Ibiza ebangeni lama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-14-15.
Omunye umkhiqizi owaziwayo wamadivayisi anjalo yinkampani yaseJalimane iDrager. Umhloli Ochwepheshe I-Drager Alcotest 6510 ngentengo yama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-45, eyenzelwe inani elikhulu lezilinganiso, kuyilapho incane ngosayizi. Iphutha alidluli ku-0,02 ppm ebangeni elibanzi lokushisa. Kukhona zonke izitifiketi ezidingekayo zoMnyango Wezempilo.
Futhi kusekhona amamodeli anjalo amaningi, amanani asukela ku-15 kuya ku-150 ayizinkulungwane.
Iyalayisha...
