Idrayivu yokuhlola i-Alfa Spider, i-Mazda MX-5 ne-MGB: wamukelekile ekilabhini
Ama-roadsters amathathu ane-XNUMX% yomgwaqo oqinisekisiwe wenjabulo
Incane, ilula futhi inomoya, i-MX-5 ihlanganisa i-roadster ekahle - isizathu esanele sokuthatha i-Japanese izihlalo ezimbili ohambweni lomgwaqo namamodeli amabili amiswe kahle ohlotsheni.
Ngokusho kwabanye, le modeli kufanele iqhubeke iminyaka embalwa kuze kube yilapho ithatha indawo yayo efanelekile emhlabeni wezimoto zakudala ngokulingana namamodeli ayo omlando. Nokho, sikholelwa ukuthi i-Mazda MX-5 idinga isimo sengqondo esibi kakhulu - ngisho nanamuhla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akunakwenzeka ukungaqapheli ukufaneleka kwabaklami bayo. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwemoto ngeminyaka yama-80s, uhlobo lwayo olubhekwa njengecishe yashabalala kule minyaka eyishumi, kuwubufakazi besibindi esikhulu.
IMazda MX-5 incintisana nemiklamo esuka kuma-60s.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indawo encane ehlala abantu ababili, okwathi ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi yentuthuko, yethulwa ngo-1989 e-United States njengeMiata futhi ngemva konyaka eYurophu njenge-MX-5, ayizange yesabe ukuncintisana okungathi sína. . Iqembu elikhulu labadlali basemgwaqweni baseNgilandi selihlale emzuliswaneni wesithathu isikhathi eside. I-Alfa Romeo kanye ne-Fiat kuphela abasahlinzeka ngezimoto ezincane ezihlala abantu ababili ezibizwa ngama-"Spider", kodwa iningi labo zisukela kuma-60s. Abanemali eningi bayakwazi ukuthenga iMercedes SL (R 107), kodwa ayisekho esimeni sayo. Futhi ukuziphatha kwayo okumangazayo kukude nombono oyisisekelo we-roadster yaseSpartan njengoMbuso WaseBrithani wezwekazi laseNdiya.
Ngokusobala, sesifikile isikhathi somgwaqo wesimanje, oshibhile futhi onokwethenjelwa, futhi iMazda yenza okufanele. Ngamanye amagama, nge-MX-5, badele konke okwenza ukushayela kube nzima ngokungadingekile. Isibonelo, isisindo esiningi. Kungezwe kulokhu isimo semoto yezemidlalo yakudala, izihlalo ezimbili nje kanye nemishini yokuqina yamamodeli wokukhiqiza.
Impumelelo enkulu imangaza ngisho neMazda
E-United States, isithakazelo ku-roadster sivutha njengebhomu. Okufanayo kuyaphindwa emakethe yaseJalimane - ingxenye yonyaka yomnikelo ithengiswa zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu. Kuzothatha iminyaka ngaphambi kokuthi izimbangi zibone ukuthi yiliphi ibhizinisi elinenzuzo abaliqhube. Kusukela esizukulwaneni sokuqala esinegama langaphakathi elithi NA kuze kube ngu-1998, kwathengiswa amayunithi angu-431. Ukuvuselelwa kwama-roadsters akudala ngokungangabazeki ukufaneleka kwamaJapane.
Kodwa ingabe i-MX-5 yokuqala - naphezu kokuba yimpumelelo yezentengiselwano - inazo ngempela izimfanelo zommeleli ofanelekayo womndeni we-roadster? Ukuze sicacise lolu daba, simeme izimoto ezintathu ukuba zithathe uhambo olunqamula izintaba zaseSwabian Jura. Yiqiniso, okungenani oyedwa wabo kwakudingeka abe owaseBrithani. I-MGB, imodeli yonyaka ka-1974, iyi-roadster ye-purist yakudala enobuchwepheshe obuningi obubuyela emuva kuma-50s. Eduze kwakhe kukhona i-Alfa Spider 2000 Fastback emnyama ka-1975 njengohlobo lwempendulo yase-Italy e-chic kwimfashini yama-roadster yama-British.
U-MG uyiqhawe eliyinduna elingamashumi amathathu
Amakhilomitha okuqala okufudumala izinjini. Ngenkathi i-Mazda ne-Alfa, izinjini zazo ezinama-camshaft amabili, zibika ngokushesha ngokuqaphile, isitshalo samandla se-iron cast iron MG sithatha imizuzu embalwa ukuze ekugcineni siguqukele ekusebenzeni kahle. Injini enomsindo eyi-four-cylinder overhead cam inedumela lokuba umshini ongalungiswa kahle, kodwa okungafanele ithathwe kancane. Amandla aqinile angu-95 kanye nentaba engapheli yetorque eqala ngaphezu kokungenzi lutho. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto zakwa-Alfa ne-Mazda, iyunithi yamaNgisi ngokungangabazeki inobudoda - umfana wasesiqhingini uzwakala enodlame, egwegwile futhi exakile.
Ngakho-ke, injini ifaniswe kahle nombono wemoto. IModeli B ibonakala ingenandaba kakhulu ne-aerodynamics noma okunye ukucatshangelwa kwanamuhla. Ngefomu elingenemihlobiso engadingekile, lo mfana ukhetha ukudalula ngokudelela i-radiator grille ngokumelene nokugeleza komoya, okuthi, kuhlanganiswe namalambu ayindilinga nezimpondo ezimbili ku-bumper, kunikeze ubuso bakhe ukucasuka okuncane.
Ubuso bomshayeli wendiza ohamba nge-MG buhluke ngokuphelele. Ujabula njengengane phambi kwetafula elinezipho, okuthi, ngenxa yomugqa ophansi we-hip kanye nefasitela elincane lomoya, kumvumele ukuba ahlale emoyeni. Akukhathalekile kuye ukuthi uma izulu lithela ngokungazelelwe unethisa emathanjeni, ngoba umkhulu lo welula kakhulu njengetende lamaBoy Scouts ayishumi nambili. Noma, esikhathini esedlule, akekho owayecabanga ngencazelo nenjongo yezinto ezifana nokushisa noma ukungena komoya. Njengomlandeli we-roadster, nakanjani angadlula kokuningi.
Kanti, indoda engemuva kwesondo igqolozela ideshibhodi enhle ngokumangalisayo enemibala ecwebezelayo kuyilapho, naphezu kweqabunga eliphuma ku-asi yangemuva, imoto yayo igingqika emakhoneni inamandla aqinile, njengokungathi ngandlela-thile inamathele endaweni egandayiwe. Isandla sakhe sokudla sikwi-ultra-short gearshift lever - futhi uyazi ukuthi uno gearbox ongcono kakhulu owake wafakwa emotweni. Ingabe ufuna ukushintsha nge-stroke emfushane nakakhulu futhi ekhuphukayo? Kungenzeka futhi ngemva kweminyaka nge-MX-5, kodwa sizokhuluma ngakho kamuva.
Amandla we-Alpha? Impela ubuhle bakhe
Ngokungafani ne-MG enamakhava ayo ayindilinga angaphambili namakhava e-plexiglass alula, i-Alfa Spider ikubingelela ngokumamatheka futhi iwina inhliziyo yakho ngobuhle bayo baseNingizimu kunokuhlasela kwayo okuqondile. Eyethulwe ngo-1970, isizukulwane sesibili se-Spider, esibizwa ngokuthi i-Coda tronca (umsila omfushane) e-Italy, yayithandwa kakhulu kunesandulela sayo esiphansi esiphansi. Uzizwa ufana nesitestamente ku-roadster ye-Alfa Romeo kunase-MG, amehlo akho akhangwa izilawuli ezifana no-ayisikhilimu zohlobo olulodwa kanye nokudayela okungeziwe okuhle okuthathu ku-centre console - kanti i-guru ingakwazi, uma Isigaba esisodwa serobhothi. Ubulukhuni obuqinile be-roadster ye-English buzizwa bungavamile ku-Spider, kodwa lokho kungase kube ngokwengxenye kumehluko weminyaka phakathi kwamamodeli amabili.
Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi nge-2000 cc injini. Bheka ngaphansi kwe-hood yale Alfa, ngokungangabazeki ukuthi yi-powertrain ekhuthazayo kakhulu etholakala ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwesizukulwane sesine se-Spider phakathi kuka-1966 no-1993. Izilinganiso zamandla ziyahlukahluka ngomkhiqizi nangezwe; eJalimane ngokusho kwe-DIN kwakungu-132 hp, futhi kusukela ngo-1975 kuphela ngu-125 hp.
Ngisho negesi yokuqala engaqinisekile ibangela umsindo oshisayo weyunithi enamakhamera amabili angaphezulu. Lo mngane akagcini nje ngokuhlekisa, kodwa futhi ubambelele ngokuqinile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo idling kuze kufike ku-5000 rpm. Izici zamandla zenjini engu-XNUMX litre zilungele umshini wonke - onekhono lokuhamba ngokuguquguqukayo, kodwa ngaphandle kwesidingo sokushintsha njalo. Futhi lokho kuyinto enhle, ngoba izindlela ze-lever ezisuka kwelinye igiya ziye kwelinye zingabonakala zingapheli, hhayi nje ngokombono womshayeli we-MGB. Kodwa-ke, ekuphendukeni kwe-Swabian Jurassic, i-roadster yesiNgisi ihlala inamathele ngokuqinile ngemuva kwe-Spider naphezu kwamandla ayo amancane kakhulu. Ekwehleni kuphela, i-Alpha ikwazi ukusizakala ngenzuzo encane: ezine esikhundleni samabhuleki amabili ediski.
URoadster uzizwa eMX-5
Uma kukhulunywa ngokujaha kwangempela, iMX-5 ingakuthola kalula konke okusele emathangeni agcwele. Futhi lokhu yize injini yayo engu-1,6 litre ingu-90 hp kuphela. ebuthakathaka kwabathathu abaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, njengoba isamba ngama-955kg, le moto yiyona elula kunazo zonke lezi ezintathu, futhi futhi inohlelo lokuqondisa olunokwethuka okuncane kodwa lona lusebenza njenge-super-directional. Ngosizo lwayo, imoto encane enezihlalo ezimbili ingahlala ihanjiswa ngqo lapho umshayeli efuna ukuba khona ngaphambi kokungena ejikeni elilandelayo. Ngakho-ke iMX-5 inamathela ngokoqobo emgwaqweni lapho ushayela.
Ingaphakathi layo elijwayelekile le-roadster, i-MX-5 inqunyelwe ezintweni ezibalulekile: i-speedometer, i-tachometer namageji amathathu ayindilinga amancane, kanye nama-levers amathathu ngakwesokudla nezilawuli ezimbili zokungenisa umoya nokushisa. Uphahla, yebo, luvaliwe ngesandla, kepha kuphela imizuzwana engama-20, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, lunedumela lokungenwa ngokuphelele yimvula. Umshayeli uhleli kancane ngenhla komgwaqo futhi mhlawumbe uyakuthokozela ukuthi u-gearbox we-MX-5 unejubane elifushane ngisho lokushintsha kune-gearbox ye-MGB.
Kungabonakala sengathi akunakwenzeka ukungayiboni i-MX-5 njengokuqhubeka ngempumelelo komqondo wokuqala we-roadster futhi uyemukele kumbuthano wamamodeli wakudala. Kumfanele ngokuphelele.
isiphetho
Umhleli uMichael Schroeder: Ungashayela iMX-5 ngenjabulo efanayo ne-MGB (isisindo esincane, isisu esikhulu, umoya ezinweleni zakho) ngaphandle kokudela ukunethezeka nobulula bempilo yansuku zonke ye-Alfa Romeo (igiya lokuphakamisa ngokushesha, umoya omncane nokushisa). Ngakho-ke, abaklami beMazda bakwazi ukuhumusha kabusha bonke ubuhle be-roadster yakudala futhi bakha imoto ngokungangabazeki enezimfanelo ezidingekayo zokuba imodeli yakudala.
imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe
I-Alfa Romeo Spider 2000 Fastback
InjiniInjini engu-cylinder ezine e-water-coo in-line ezine-stroke, ikhanda le-alloy kanye ne-block, ama-crankshaft amahlanu amakhulu, ama-camshafts angaphezulu aqhutshwa ngamaketanga amabili, ama-valve amabili angaphandle nge-cylinder, ama-carburettors amabili ama-Weber
Ukusebenza kwevolumu: 1962 cm³
Ubunzima x Stroke: 84 x 88,5mm
Amandla: 125 hp ku-5300 rpm
Ubukhulu. torque: 178 Nm @ 4400 ngomzuzu
Ukuminyaniswa isilinganiso: 9,0: 1
Uwoyela wenjini 5,7 l
Ukudluliselwa kwamandlaIdrayivu engemuva, ipuleti elilodwa bamba eyomile, u-gearbox onamagiya amahlanu.
Umzimba ne-chassis
Umzimba wensimbi ozisebenzelayo, isondo lokuhamba nge-worm noma i-ball screw, amabhuleki ediski langaphambili nangemuva
Ngaphambili: ukumiswa okuzimele ngamalungu awele, iziphethu zekhoyili kanye ne-stabilizer, ama-telescopic shock absorbers.
Emuva: i-asi eqinile, imishayo ye-longitudinal, i-T-beam, imithombo yamakhoyili, ama-telescopic shock absorbers.
Amasondo: 5½ J14
Amathayi: 165 HR 14.
Ubukhulu nesisindo
Ubude x ububanzi x ukuphakama: 4120 x 1630 x 1290 mm
I-Wheelbase: 2250 mm
Isisindo: 1040 kg
Ukusebenza kwamandla nezindlekoIjubane elikhulu: 193,5 km / h
Ukusheshisa kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-100 km / h: 9,8 sec.
Ukusetshenziswa: 10,8 amalitha 95 kaphethiloli ngebanga elingu-100 km.
Isikhathi sokukhiqizwa nokusakazwa kwegazi
Lapha ngo-1966 kuya ku-1993, iDuetto kuya ku-1970, amakhophi angaba ngu-15 000; I-Fastback ngo-1983, cishe amakhophi angama-31; I-Aerodinamica ngaphambi kuka-000, cishe amakhophi angama-1989; Uchungechunge 37 ngezinhlobo ezingama-000.
IMazda MX-5 1.6 / 1.8, imodeli NA
Injini
Injini eyenziwe ngo-cylinder ezine-cylinder in-line ezine-stroke, i-grey cast iron block, i-light alloy cylinder head, i-crankshaft enama-bearings ayisihlanu amakhulu, ama-camshafts aphezulu aqhutshwa ngamabhande, ama-valve amane isilinda ngasinye anikwe amandla ama-hydraulic jacks, ngogesi uphethiloli, i-catalyst
Ukuhamba: 1597/1839 cm³
I-Bore x Stroke: 78 x 83,6 / 83 x 85mm
Amandla: 90/115/130 hp ngo-6000/6500 ngomzuzu
UMax. i-torque: 130/135/155 Nm ku-4000/5500/4500 ngomzuzu
Ukuminyaniswa isilinganiso: 9 / 9,4 / 9,1: 1.
Ukudluliselwa kwamandla
Idrayivu engemuva, ipuleti elilodwa bamba eyomile, u-gearbox onamagiya amahlanu.
Umzimba ne-chassisUmzimba ozisekela wensimbi yonke, amabhuleki e-disc enamasondo amane. Rack futhi Amandla ayo Steering System
Ngaphambili nangemuva: ukumiswa okuzimele ngamabheringi amabili anqamulelayo angunxantathu, iziphethu zekhoyili, ama-telescopic shock absorbers nama-stabilizers.
Amasondo: i-aluminium, 5½ J 14
Amathayi: 185/60 R 14.
Ubukhulu nesisindo Ubude x ububanzi x ukuphakama: 3975 x 1675 x 1230 mm
I-Wheelbase: 2265 mm
Isisindo: 955 kg, ithangi 45 l.
Ukusebenza kwamandla nezindleko
Ijubane elikhulu: 175/195/197 km / h
Ukusheshisa kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-100 km / h: 10,5 / 8,8 / 8,5 s
Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli 8/9 amalitha 91/95 ngamakhilomitha ayi-100.
Isikhathi sokukhiqizwa nokusakazwa kwegaziKusukela ngo-1989 kuya ku-1998 amamodeli eMazda MX-5 NA, angama-433 esewonke.
I-MGB
InjiniInjini engu-cylinder ezine e-water-cooled in-line ezine-stroke, i-grey cast iron cylinder head and block, pre-1964 crankshaft enezintathu, bese kuba namabhere amakhulu amahlanu, i-camshaft eyodwa engezansi eqhutshwa iketanga lesikhathi, ama-valve amabili nge-cylinder eqhutshwa yi-hoist , ophakamisa izinduku nezingalo ze-rocker, ama-carburetors amabili amile mpo SU XC 4
Ukusebenza kwevolumu: 1798 cm³
Ubunzima x Stroke: 80,3 x 88,9mm
Amandla: 95 hp ku-5400 rpm
Ubukhulu. torque: 144 Nm @ 3000 ngomzuzu
Ukuminyaniswa isilinganiso: 8,8: 1
Uwoyela wenjini: 3,4 / 4,8 amalitha.
Ukudluliselwa kwamandla
Idrayivu edonsa ngamasondo angemuva, ipuleti elilodwa bamba eyomile, u-gearbox onamagiya amane, ongakhetha kukho nge-overdrive.
Umzimba ne-chassisUmzimba wensimbi ozisebenzelayo, i-disc yangaphambili, amabhuleki esigubhu angemuva, i-rack ne-pinion steering
Ngaphambili: ukumiswa okuzimele okunama-wishbones amabili, iziphethu zekhoyili kanye ne-stabilizer
Emuva: i-asi eqinile equkethe iziphethu zamaqabunga, amathambo ezifiso kuwo womane amasondo Amasondo: 4½ J 14
Amathayi: 5,60 x 14.
Ubukhulu nesisindo Ubude x ububanzi x ukuphakama: 3890 x 1520 x 1250 mm
I-Wheelbase: 2310 mm
Isisindo: 961 kg
Ithangi: 55 l.
Ukusebenza kwamandla nezindlekoIjubane elikhulu: 172 km / h
Ukusheshisa kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-100 km / h: 12,6 sec.
Ukusetshenziswa: 10 amalitha 95 kaphethiloli ngebanga elingu-100 km.
Isikhathi sokukhiqizwa nokusakazwa kwegaziUkusuka ngonyaka we-1962 kuya ku-1980, ama-512 243 akhiqizwa, lapho ama-387 ayengama-roadsters.
Umbhalo: UMichael Schroeder
Isithombe: Arturo Rivas
