I-Hydroplaning - lapho imvelo ibonisa amandla ayo

Nakuba lokhu kusekuqaleni konyaka, futhi ubusika beqhwa abukasivumeli ukuba sikhohlwe ngokuphelele ngathi, ngokuncibilika kokuqala sekuyisikhathi sokubheka into ebaluleke kakhulu ekubukeni kokuphepha kwethu. emgwaqeni. Nokho, ngaphambi kwalokho, imigodi emgwaqeni, manje eseyakheka njengamakhowe ngemva kwemvula, izogcwala iqhwa elincibilikayo kuze kube sekupheleni. Ngaphambi kokuba imifula eyakhiwe izimvula zasentwasahlobo igeleze eduze kwemigwaqo eyaziwa ngokuthi imigwaqo yasePoland, kufanelekile ukuthatha isikhathi ukuqonda ukuthi iyini i-aquaplaning.

Abasekeli bokuhlanzeka kolimi lwethu ngokuqinisekile bazolithanda igama elithi aquaplaning noma umcamelo amanzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, labo abajabulela ukuhamba ngezilimi bazophinde bezwe igama elithi “aquaplaning.” Wonke la magama asetshenziswa ngokushintshana. Ngokuvamile, ngokwemibono ehlukahlukene yochwepheshe, amaphoyisa nabasebenzi bomgwaqo, lesi sihloko sivela esimweni sezinkinga ezingase zibe khona noma zangempela ngokubamba imoto emgwaqeni. Kuyini ngempela futhi kanjani ukubhekana nalesi simo esingathandeki nesiyingozi kakhulu? Kwenzeka nini lokhu? Noma mhlawumbe thina ngokwethu singamacala? Ake sibheke.

Okokuqala, ake siqale ngencazelo. Ngamagama alula, i-hydroplaning embonini yezimoto iyisimo sokulahlekelwa kwe-traction ngenkathi ushayela ngenxa yokwakhiwa kongqimba lwamanzi phakathi kwe-asphalt nesondo. Lapho isondo (ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene) lingakwazi ukususa amanzi anele anqwabelana phambi kwalo ngendlela yamagagasi, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-wedge yamanzi kwenzeka. Ngawo wonke amandla e-physics, izompintshwa phakathi kwesondo nomgwaqo, yehlise kakhulu ukuphatha kwemoto nekhono lokubhuleka ngempumelelo! Kusukela ohlangothini lomshayeli, ukuzwa kwe-hydroplaning kufana nokushayela eqhweni. Lokhu akulona ihaba! Ngingakwazi futhi ukuhlangana nakho ekushayeleni kwansuku zonke? Ngempela! Futhi kaningi kunalokho sonke esikucabangayo. Ngisebenza e-Subaru Driving School, ngangivame ukubona ukumangala kwabahlanganyeli abaqala ukuqeqeshwa kwe-1st degree lapho ingxenye yethiyori, esekelwa ividiyo yokuqeqesha, inikeze isibonelo sendlela imoto eziphatha ngayo emgodini olungiselelwe ngokukhethekile. kwethulwa. Ngendlela, ngenkathi amaJalimane noma ama-Austrians anemojula yokuqeqesha eyakhelwe izinjongo zemfundo, iPoland inezinqubo zansuku zonke. Yini eyayiphezu kwayo? Hhayi-ke, ngishayele ngingena endaweni edalwe ngokuzenzisa, ende futhi ejulile ngokuqhathaniswa (engama-80 cm kuphela!). Isivinini esingu-100 km/h, imoto engenazo izinhlelo zosizo lomshayeli we-elekthronikhi. Ukudubula kuqala ngokudubula okubanzi, lapho ungabona khona ukuthi imoto ifa kanjani emanzini amakhulu akhishwa ngaphansi kwamasondo. Isigcawu sangempela siqala. Iwashi lemoto liyaboniswa, okubonisa ngokusobala ukuthi, naphezu kwegesi eyengeziwe, ijubane lihlala lifana, nama-revs akhuphuka kakhulu isikhathi ngasinye lapho kucindezelwa i-pedal efanele. Lo muzwa cishe u-XNUMX% uhambisana nowethu i-clutch yayeka ukusebenza. Lokhu kuhlangana okokuqala ne-hydroplaning. Yini eyingozi ngalokhu? Asibuke ifilimu ngokuqhubekayo. Cabanga ngokumangala okukhulunywe ngenhla kwabahlanganyeli ababuka lesi senzakalo esilingisa “ngaphakathi.” Isimanga esikhulu ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho, ngokwezinjongo zokuqeqesha, umqeqeshi eqala ukushintsha isiteringi ngenkathi eshayela iqonde. Ukuqinisa umlayezo, ikwenza lokhu ezindaweni ezidlulele zesondo lokuqondisa, ukusuka kwesokudla ukuya kwesokunxele kanye nokubuyela emuva futhi. Kwenzekani-ke emotweni? Lutho, akukho nhlobo ukusabela okuvela emotweni! Amasondo ajika aphindelela, kodwa imoto igibela umugqa oqondile ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ukushayela amamitha ambalwa alandelayo, abanye abashayeli bangase bacabange ukuthi leli yithuba nje lokuzijabulisa ngokuthusa umgibeli. Ngeshwa, izazi zefiziksi azikwazi ukwenza amahlaya. Ukujika isiteringi kulesi simo kungaba nemiphumela emibi. Umfundisi uphetha ngamabomu ukugibela (eshiya i-puddle) ngamasondo asontekile. Umthelela? Ngokuphazima kweso, uzithola esendleleni ezayo, futhi amathayi amanzi, engakwazi ukudonsa ngokugcwele, abangela ukuba i-asi yangemuva itshibilike! Awekho amazwana adingekayo.

Kungenzeka yini ukulwa ne-hydroplaning? Yebo, kodwa hhayi ngokoqobo. Umsebenzi wethu njengomshayeli ukuvimbela ngokunciphisa ubungozi bokwenzeka kwayo. Ingozi yokwenzeka iyanda ngesivinini esihamba ngaso, ubukhulu befilimu yamanzi ku-asphalt noma, ekugcineni, isimo esibi kakhulu samasondo ethu (ukujula kokunyathela okuncane noma ukungcola). Ngakho-ke, sikhulisa ukuphepha kwethu ngendlela efanele, kuyilapho sigcina ukulinganisela ekulungiseni isivinini esivumelana nezimo zomgwaqo kanye nesidingo sokufika ekhaya ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Lapho sishayela emvuleni, sigwema izindawo lapho amanzi enqwabelana futhi ageleza khona. Ngendlela efanayo, esimweni somgwaqo owomile, lapho sibona ama-puddles, sizama ukuwagwema, futhi uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, khona-ke sinciphisa isivinini futhi sizame ukuwanqoba ngamasondo aqondile, sigweme ukuhamba okungazelelwe ngawo womabili. amaphedali kanye nesiteringi. Kungani? Okokuqala, siqeda ingozi yalesi simo ngokuhamba kancane. Okwesibili, uma ushayela uqonde kuyo, noma kwenzeka, i-skid izobe isendleleni yokuhamba (ingozi encane). Okwesithathu, ukushayela uzungeze ijika, njengoba sesishilo kaningi kuwebhusayithi ye-Safe Driving, kubangela amandla asemaceleni asebenza emathayini. Baqala ukusebenza, besonge ngaphansi kwebhande lasekhanda. Lapho isondo lethu liphakeme futhi namandla amakhulu (isivinini esikhulu sokugoqa amasondo noma amasondo aqinile), kulapho isondo ligogeka khona. Kusho ukuthini lokhu kithi? Kuhle, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ezinye zemigodi eklanyelwe ukukhipha amanzi ngaphansi kwamasondo "izovala" cishe ngokuphelele. Kulokhu, umzamo wokunqoba i-puddle ngokuphenduka uzophela ngokuzulazula okumangalisayo kwe-axle yangaphambili (understeer), ngakho-ke isimo somgwaqo esiyingozi kakhulu. Sibuyela esihlokweni esivame ukuphakanyiswa sokubheka ngendlela efanele umgwaqo, kude ngokwanele ukuze sibe nesikhathi sokuzilungiselela lo msebenzi. Masizinike thina nabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo ithuba lokuphepha emgwaqeni.

Kuthiwani uma i-puddle ibonakala ingapheli, njengama-ruts? Uma kufanele sibhekane nabo, yiqiniso, uma kungenzeka, sihamba "eziqongweni ze-asphalt", sizama ukuthi singathinti ama-gutters agcwele amanzi ngamasondo ethu. Uma sesivele sangena ku-rut, sigcina isivinini esingaguquki futhi, ngenkathi silawula ibanga lemoto engaphambili, ungazami ukuphuma kuyo ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo. Uma isimo sisiphoqa ukuthi senze lokhu, senza ukunyakaza ngokunyakaza komshayeli okubushelelezi (i-angle encane), silindele ukuthi isondo likwazi ukudonsa. Ngale ndlela sizogwema ingozi yokulimaza imoto ngendlela eyingozi (njengoba ngichaze kuvidiyo yokuqeqesha) ngenxa yoshintsho olusheshayo lokudonsa kwamasondo aphendulwe aqine kakhulu. Lokhu kungase kubangele ukugxuma okubukhali, okunolaka kwemoto yonke futhi, ngenxa yalokho, i-skid engazelelwe, iwe emgwaqweni futhi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ngisho nokugingqika.

Kuwo wonke lo mdlalo we-physics, silokhu siphindaphinda izitatimende mayelana namathayi. Yebo, zibalulekile. Amathayi amahle avela kubakhiqizi abahloniphekile angakuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha kwethu. Kodwa-ke, ngeke siqinisekise ukuthi bazosivikela ngokuphelele ku-hydroplaning. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isondo esilikhethayo liyohlale livela, umehluko uzoba ngasiphi isivinini elivela ngaso. Abakhiqizi abahamba phambili batshala izimali ezinkulu izinsiza zocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa, ezinikeza izixazululo ezisebenza ngempumelelo kule ndawo. Nokho, amanye amaphethini awashintshi. Okokuqala, kukhona ubudlelwano phakathi kobubanzi bamathayi kanye nokuthambekela kwe-hydroplane. Uma amathayi ebanzi, ngokushesha (ngesivinini esiphansi) sizolahlekelwa ukudonsa. Ngokuvamile, amathayi amancane awathinteki kakhulu kulesi simo ngenxa yesidingo sokudonsa amanzi amancane. Ngikhumbula ukumangala, ngisho nokuthukuthela, kwabahlanganyeli ababili ekuqeqeshweni engake ngakwenza eTor Kielce. Bobabili bafike ngezimoto ezibiza ngaphezu kuka-PLN 300.000, zifakwe inqwaba yezinhlelo zokusiza abashayeli, amathayi e-UHP (Ultra High Performance) angcono kakhulu futhi zikholisa abanikazi bazo ngokuba phezulu emgwaqeni. Nokho, iqiniso liwunya. I-Physics ayinandaba ukuthi sisebenzise malini emotweni. Phakathi nokuqeqeshwa okungokoqobo mayelana ne-braking ephuthumayo, njengoba bavuma kamuva, babhekana nokushaqeka kwangempela. Ukuqeqeshwa kwakuhilela ukumisa imoto ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka emgwaqweni ogcwele amanzi. Izimoto zalaba banumzane abahle kakhulu ziqhamuke zime ngesivinini esingama-80 km/h ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-20 ukudlula elomfundi we-filigree weqembu elifanayo owayeshayela imoto evamile. Umehluko ngesisindo semoto wawungelutho, kodwa ububanzi bamathayi wawumkhulu! Kuyafaneleka ukwazi ngalokhu mlutha. Ngaphambi kokuthi uthathe isinqumo sokudlula, ngoba lokhu “kubambezeleka” okusalela emuva ngokungenasihawu kunemoto ebuthaka kakhulu kunami.

Kulungile, sesinamathayi amahle. Siyazi ukuthi iyini i-hydroplaning nokuthi kwenzeka kanjani. Ukujwayela ukushayela kwansuku zonke isivinini ukuya ezimweni zomgwaqo, sifunde ukubuka umgwaqo futhi sikhethe umzila ngokuhlakanipha, sinciphisa ingozi yalesi simo. Ingabe yilokhu kuphela okudingeka sikwazi ukuze sihambe ngokuphepha ngaphandle kwezimanga ezimbi? Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukubalula enye indaba ebaluleke kakhulu. Mayelana nento ebukelwa phansi iningi labashayeli. Ake siphendule umbuzo wokuthi ngabe siyingxenye yaleli qembu. Ngikhuluma ngokunakekela umfutho wesondo ofanele. Hhayi-ke, “isivakashi” besihlakaniphile! Phela uma ngishintsha amathayi entwasahlobo nasekwindla, ama-vulcanizers ampompa amasondo ethu. Futhi ngokuvamile, akukho okufana nalokhu okuzokwenzeka uma kukhona ukungezwani. Ngeshwa, lesi sitatimende sihlala emiqondweni yabashayeli. Kunezici eziningi kuyo, futhi namuhla ngingakwazi ukukholisa abangabayo nge-prism yengozi ye-hydroplaning. Ukuze ngingasolwa ngendaba echemile, ngizosebenzisa imiphumela yocwaningo oluzimele olwenziwe yi-ADAC yaseJalimane, isikhungo esinesikhundla esingenakuphikwa emkhakheni wezokuphepha emgwaqeni. Ukubuka eduze kwayo kukhombisa kahle ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi kwandisa kanjani ingozi ye-hydroplaning. Siyabona ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, ngesivinini esifanayo, usebenzisa imoto efanayo nesondo, ukwehla kwengcindezi esuka ku-2 kuya ku-1,5 bar kuholela ekunciphiseni kokubambelela kwesondo ku-asphalt cishe ngo-50%! Njengomfundisi, ngithanda ukubuka okwenzeka eduze kwami. Ngibheka ukuthi ubani oshayelayo, hlobo luni lwamathayi analo futhi likusiphi isimo, ukuthi alibamba kanjani isondo lokushayela - lokho kuwukuchema kochwepheshe. Uma ngibheka amasondo, ngivame ukubona amathayi akhubazekile ngendlela engavamile, aphelelwe umoya. Ngincoma ukuthi uhlole ingcindezi yakho! Ama-compressor manje atholakala mahhala cishe kuzo zonke iziteshi ezinkulu. Umbuzo kuphela ukuthi ingabe i-pressure gauge etholakala esidlangalaleni isebenza kahle yini. Uma ngikwazile ukukholisa abanye benu ukuthi lokhu kufanelekile ukukwenza, ngakho-ke ngincoma ukuthenga igeji encane yokucindezela kagesi ezohlala ingena emotweni futhi izosinika ukuzethemba esilinganisweni. Enye igajethi yomfana? Mhlawumbe lokhu kuyiqiniso, noma mhlawumbe ithuluzi elilula emhlabeni elithinta ukuphepha kwethu. Umbuzo nje uwukuthi, ingabe sizosithola isikhathi nesifiso sokusisebenzisa ngokunenzuzo lapho sijahile? Indlela enhle.