Ukuzivikela emoyeni okusebenzayo kweWarsaw ngo-1939

Ukuzivikela emoyeni okusebenzayo kweWarsaw ngo-1939. Warsaw, Vienna Railway Station endaweni (ekhoneni Marszałkowska Street kanye Jerusalem Alley). 7,92mm Browning wz. 30 endaweni yokulwa nezindiza.

Phakathi nempi yokuzivikela yasePoland, ingxenye ebalulekile yayo kwakuyizimpi zaseWarsaw, ezalwelwa kwaze kwaba uSepthemba 27, 1939. Imisebenzi eyenziwa emhlabeni ichazwe kabanzi. Okungaziwa kakhulu izimpi zokuvikela umoya zenhloko-dolobha esebenzayo, ikakhulukazi izikhali ezilwa nezindiza.

Amalungiselelo okuvikela umoya wenhloko-dolobha enziwa ngo-1937. Bahlotshaniswa nokusungulwa kukaMongameli weRiphabhulikhi yasePoland ngoJuni 1936 we-State Air Defence Inspectorate eholwa nguMajor General V. Orlich-Drezer, futhi ngemva kokufa kwakhe kabuhlungu ngoJulayi 17, 1936, u-brig. UDkt. Jozef Zajonc. Lesi sakamuva waqala ukusebenza ngo-August 1936 enhlanganweni Air Defense wombuso. Ngo-April 1937, ngosizo lweqembu elibanzi labasebenzi bemishini yezempi, ososayensi nabameleli bombuso wombuso, umqondo wokuvikela umoya wombuso wasungulwa. Umphumela wako kwaba ukuqokwa ezweni, phakathi kokunye, kwezikhungo ezingu-17 ezibalulekile kwezempi nakwezomnotho, okwakudingeka zivikelwe ezitelekeni zasemoyeni. Eminyango yezifunda ze-corps, kwasungulwa uhlelo lokuqapha indawo yomoya. Isikhungo ngasinye kwakufanele sizungezwe amaketanga amabili ezikhala ezibukwayo, elinye lazo laliqhele ngamakhilomitha ayi-100 ukusuka enkabeni, elinye libe ngamakhilomitha angama-60. Iposi ngalinye kufanele libe sezindaweni eziqhelelene ngamakhilomitha ayi-10 ukusuka kwenye - ukuze yonke into ihlangene yakhe uhlelo olulodwa ezweni. Lezi zikhundla zazixubene: kwakuhlanganisa amaphoyisa, izikhulu ezingathunywanga kanye nabazimele bendawo yokulondoloza imvelo abangazange babuthelwe ebuthweni, abasebenzi beposi, ababambe iqhaza ekuqeqesheni impi, amavolontiya (ama-scouts, amalungu eNyunyana Yezokuvikela Zomoya Negesi) , kanye nabesifazane. Afakwe: ucingo, izibonakude kanye nekhampasi. Amaphuzu anjalo angu-800 ahlelwe ezweni, futhi amafoni abo axhunywe endaweni yokubuka yesifunda (isikhungo). Ngo-September 1939, esakhiweni sasePoland Post emgwaqweni. Poznanskaya e Warsaw. Inethiwekhi enkulu kunazo zonke yokuthunyelwe yasakazwa e-Warsaw - ama-platoons angu-17 kanye nokuthunyelwe kwe-12.

Kwafakwa idivayisi kumasethi ocingo kokuthunyelwe, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuxhumana ngokuzenzakalelayo nesikhungo, ukuvala zonke izingxoxo kulayini phakathi kokuthunyelwe kanye nethangi lokubuka. Ethangini ngalinye kwakunabakhuzi abanethimba lamaphoyisa angathunywanga kanye namasignali avamile. Ithangi kwakuhloswe ngalo ukuthola imibiko evela ezindaweni zokubuka, isexwayiso ngezindawo ezisengozini yokungcoliswa, kanye nethangi lokubuka eliyinhloko. Isixhumanisi sokugcina kwakuyisici esiyinhloko sokulawula umkhuzi wezokuvikela emoyeni wezwe kanye nengxenye ebalulekile yendlunkulu yakhe. Isakhiwo sonke ngokuminyana besingesihle kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa namanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga. Okunye okubi kwakuwukuthi wasebenzisa ukushintshisana ngocingo kanye nenethiwekhi yezingcingo zezwe, okwakulula kakhulu ukugqashuka ngesikhathi kuliwa - futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha.

Umsebenzi wokuqinisa uhlelo lwezwe lokuvikela umoya waqina ngo-1938 futhi ikakhulukazi ngo-1939. Usongo lokuhlasela kwamaJalimane ePoland lwase luba ngokoqobo. Ngonyaka wempi, kwabelwa ama-zloty ayizigidi ezi-4 kuphela ukuze kuthuthukiswe inethiwekhi yokuqapha. Amabhizinisi kahulumeni abalulekile ayalelwe ukuthi athenge ngezindleko zawo iqoqo le-40-mm wz. 38 Bofors (izindleko ze-PLN 350). Amafekthri ayezosebenza izisebenzi, futhi ukuqeqeshwa kwawo kwakunikezwa amasosha. Abasebenzi balesi sikhungo kanye nabaphathi beziqiwi abathunyelwe kubo bebengakulungele kakhulu ukunakekelwa kwezibhamu zesimanje kanye nokulwa nezindiza eziyisitha ezifundweni zokulungisa amaphutha ezisheshayo nezifushanisiwe.

Ngo-March 1939, uBrigadier General Dr. Józef Zajonc. Ngayo leyo nyanga, kwathathwa izinyathelo zokuqhubeka nokwenza ngcono isimo sobuchwepheshe benkonzo yokugada. I-Air Defence Command yedolobha laseM. Troops. bafuna kubaphathi bezifunda ze-corps izicelo zokulungiswa kokushintshaniswa kocingo okuzenzakalelayo namasethi ocingo, ukwanda kwenani lezintambo zocingo eziqondile, njll. izikhundla: Iziteshi zomsakazo eziyi-1 ze-N13S kanye neziteshi zomsakazo ze-RKD eziyi-75) .

Esikhathini esisuka ku-March 22 kuya ku-March 25, 1939, abashayeli bezindiza be-III / 1st Fighter Squadron babamba iqhaza ekuqeqesheni ukuvikela uthango lwenhloko-dolobha. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwavela izikhala ohlelweni lokuqapha ukuzivikela kwedolobha. Okubi nakakhulu, kwavela ukuthi i-PZL-11 fighter yayihamba kancane kakhulu lapho ifuna ukuvimba amabhomu e-PZL-37 Łoś asheshayo. Mayelana nesivinini, kwakufanelekile ukulwa ne-Fokker F. VII, i-Lublin R-XIII ne-PZL-23 Karaś. Ukuzivocavoca kwaphindwa ezinyangeni ezalandela. Iningi lezindiza zesitha lindiza ngesivinini esifana neso noma ngokushesha kune-PZL-37 Łoś.

I-Warsaw ayizange ifakwe ezinhlelweni zomyalo wokulwa phansi ngo-1939. Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo okubalulekile ezweni - njengesikhungo esiyinhloko samandla ombuso, isikhungo sezimboni esikhulu kanye nesikhungo esibalulekile sezokuxhumana - bekufanele lilungiselele ukulwa nezindiza zezitha. Ukuhlangana kukaloliwe waseWarsaw onojantshi wesitimela ababili namabhuloho emigwaqo emibili ngaphesheya kweVistula uthole ukubaluleka kwamasu. Ngenxa yokuxhumana okuqhubekayo, kwakungenzeka ukudlulisa ngokushesha amasosha asuka empumalanga yePoland aye entshonalanga, alethe izimpahla noma asuse amasosha.

Inhloko-dolobha yayiyidolobha elikhulu ngokwesibalo sabantu nendawo ezweni. Ngaphambi kuka-September 1, 1939, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-1,307 babehlala kuyo, kuhlanganise nezinkulungwane ezingama-380. amaJuda. Idolobha belibanzi: kusukela ngoSepthemba 22, 1938, lanwebeka ngaphezu kwamahektha ayi-14 (148 km²), ingxenye yebhange langakwesokunxele labala amahektha ayi-141 (izakhiwo ezingama-9179), kanye nebhange elingakwesokudla - amahektha angama-17 (063). ,4293 izakhiwo), kanye Vistula - cishe 8435 amahektha. Umngcele wemingcele yedolobha wawuyikhilomitha elingu-676. Kuyo yonke indawo, ngaphandle kweVistula, cishe amaphesenti angama-63 wendawo yakhiwe; emigwaqweni egandayiwe nasezigcawini, emapaki, ezigcawini nasemathuneni - 50%; ezindaweni zesitimela - 14% nasezindaweni zamanzi - 5%. Okunye, okusho ukuthi cishe u-1%, bekugcwele indawo engathuthukisiwe enezindawo ezingagandayiwe, imigwaqo nezingadi ezizimele.

Ukulungiselela ukuzivikela

Ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi, izimiso zokuvikela umoya wenhloko-dolobha zathuthukiswa. Ngomyalo womkhuzi wezokuvikela emoyeni we-Warsaw Center, iqembu lokuzivikela elisebenzayo, ukuzivikela okungenzi lutho kanye nethangi lokuqaphela elinesikhungo sokubonisa izimpawu lalingaphansi kokulawulwa. Ingxenye yokuqala yayihlanganisa: izindiza zokulwa, izikhali ezilwa nendiza, izibhamu zemishini ezilwa nendiza, amabhaluni avimbelayo, izibani zokusesha ezilwa nezindiza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuzivikela okungenzi lutho kwahlelwa ngokwesisekelo sesakhamuzi ngasinye ngaphansi kobuholi bombuso nokuphathwa kwendawo, kanye nezicishamlilo, amaphoyisa nezibhedlela.

Ukubuyela ekuvikelweni okusebenzayo kwesithiyo, indiza yayihlanganisa ne-Pursuit Brigade eyakhelwe lo msebenzi. Indlunkulu yakhe yakhiwa ngomyalo wokugqugquzela ekuseni ngo-Agasti 24, 1939. Entwasahlobo ka-1937, umqondo wazalwa ukudala iqembu elikhethekile lokuzingela ukuze kuvikelwe inhloko-dolobha, kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi i-Pursuit Brigade. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho uMhloli Omkhulu Wombutho Wezempi eyala ukuba kusungulwe Iqembu le-PTS le-Control Aviation of the Supreme High Command elinomsebenzi wokuvikela inhloko-dolobha. Kwabe sekucatshangwa ukuthi izovela empumalanga. Iqembu labelwa ama-squadron amabili e-Warsaw fighter ye-1st air regiment - III / 1 kanye ne-IV / 1. Uma kunempi, womabili ama-squadrons (dions) kwakufanele asebenze ezinkundleni zezindiza eziseduze nedolobha. Kwakhethwa izindawo ezimbili: eZielonka, ngaleso sikhathi idolobha laliyi-10 km empumalanga yenhloko-dolobha, futhi epulazini lase-Obora, amakhilomitha angu-15 eningizimu yedolobha. Indawo yokugcina yashintshwa yaba iPomiechowek, futhi namuhla isiyindawo yesifunda saseWieliszew.

Ngemva kwesimemezelo sokugqugquzelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo ngo-August 24, 1939, indlunkulu ye-Brigade yasungulwa, ehlanganisa: umkhuzi - u-lieutenant colonel. Stefan Pawlikovsky (umkhuzi webutho lokuqala lomoya), iphini lika-lieutenant colonel. Leopold Pamula, Isikhulu Sabasebenzi - Major Dipl. waphuza. U-Eugeniusz Wyrwicki, isikhulu samaqhinga - ukapteni. dipl. waphuza. UStefan Lashkevich, isikhulu sezabelo ezikhethekile - ukapteni. waphuza. UStefan Kolodynski, isikhulu sezobuchwepheshe, u-lieutenant wokuqala. ubuchwepheshe. Franciszek Centar, isikhulu sezokuthutha uKapt. waphuza. Tadeusz Grzymilas, umkhuzi wendlunkulu - cap. waphuza. UJulian Plodovsky, i-adjutant - uLieutenant floor. UZbigniew Kustrzynski. Inkampani yesi-1 yezobunhloli zomsakazo ezilwa nendiza ngaphansi komyalo kaKaputeni V. General Tadeusz Legeżyński (iziteshi zomsakazo ezi-1 N5 / S kanye ne-1 N3L / L) kanye nenkampani yokuvikela umoya esikhumulweni sezindiza (ama-platoons angu-1) - 2 uhlobo lwezibhamu ezisindayo zeHotchkiss ( umkhuzi uLieutenant Anthony Yazvetsky). Ngemva kokuhlangana, i-brigade yayinamasosha angaba ngu-8, kuhlanganise nezikhulu ezingu-650. Yakhiwe ama-fighters angu-65, ​​izindiza ze-RWD-54 ezingu-3 (ithimba lezokuxhumana No. 8) kanye nabashayeli bezindiza abangu-1. Womabili la maqembu akhiphe okhiye bomsebenzi wezindiza ezimbili, ebezisebenza kuma-hangars e-Okents kusukela ngomhlaka-83 Agasti. Amasosha athathwa amapasi anqatshelwa ukuphuma esikhumulweni sezindiza. Abashayeli bezindiza babehlome ngokugcwele: amasudi esikhumba, amabhuzu oboya kanye namagilavu, kanye namamephu ezindawo ezizungezile zaseWarsaw esikalini esingu-24: 1 300. Amaqembu amane andiza esuka e-Okentse aya ezinkundleni zezindiza ngo-August 000 ngamahora angu-29.

I-Brigade yayinamaqembu amabili ebutho lokuqala le-air: III / 1, eyayiseZielonka eduze neWarsaw (umphathi, ukaputeni uZdzislaw Krasnodenbsky: i-1th kanye ne-111th fighter squadrons) kanye ne-IV / 112, eya ePoniatow eduze kwaseJablonna (umphathi we-Pilot Adam Kowalczyk: 1th kanye 113th EM). Ngokuqondene nesikhumulo sezindiza e-Poniatów, besiphethwe u-Count Zdzisław Groholski, endaweni ehlonzwe izakhamuzi njenge-Pyzhovy Kesh.

Amaqembu amane anezimpi ezingu-44 ze-PZL-11a kanye ne-C. I-III/1 Squadron inabangu-21 kanti i-IV/1 iDyon inangu-23. Amanye ayenemisakazo ehamba emoyeni. Kwezinye, ngaphandle kokubili okuhambisanayo okungu-7,92 mm wz. Ama-PVU angama-33 anezinhlamvu ezingama-500 ngesibhamu ngasinye atholakala amakhilomitha amabili engeziwe ngamaphiko ayimizuliswano engama-300 lilinye.

Kuze kube umhla ka-1 Septhemba ngabo-6:10 123. I-EM esuka ku-III/2 Dyon esuka ku-10 PZL P.7a yahlala e-Poniatów. Ukuze kuqiniswe i-brigade, abashayeli bezindiza be-2nd Aviation Regiment baseKrakow bayalwe ukuba bandize baye e-Okentse eWarsaw ngo-Agasti 31. Khona-ke, ekuseni ngovivi ngo-September 1, bandizela ePoniatow.

I-brigade ayizange ifake amayunithi abalulekile emsebenzini wawo ngesikhathi sempi: inkampani yezindiza, ikholomu yezokuthutha kanye nemikhumbi yezindiza ehambayo. Lokhu kwenza buthaka kakhulu ukugcinwa kwekhono layo lokulwa, okuhlanganisa ukulungiswa kwemishini ensimini kanye nokuhamba kahle.

Ngokusho kwezinhlelo, i-brigade yokushushiswa yafakwa ngaphansi komyalo kaColonel V. Art. Kazimierz Baran (1890-1974). Ngemva kwezingxoxo, uColonel Pawlikovsky nomkhuzi wezokuvikela emoyeni we-Warsaw Centre kanye nendlunkulu ye-Air Force Commander-in-Chief, kwavunyelwana ukuthi i-brigade izosebenza ngokuzimela endaweni engaphandle kwendawo yokugoqa ye-Warsaw Center. .

I-Air Defense yaseWarsaw yayihlanganisa umyalo we-Warsaw Air Defence Centre, eholwa nguColonel Kazimierz Baran (umphathi weqembu lezikhali ezilwa nezindiza ngesikhathi sokuthula, umkhuzi webutho lokuqala lezempi elilwa nezindiza likaMarshal Eduard Rydz-Smigly eWarsaw. 1-1936); IPhini likaMkhuzi Wezempi Yezokuvikela Emoyeni Yezokuvikela Emoyeni - uLieutenant Colonel Franciszek Joras; Isikhulu sabasebenzi uMajor Dipl. Anthony Mordasevich; i-adjutant - ukapteni. Jakub Chmielewski; umxhumanisi - capt. Konstantin Adamsky; isikhulu sezinto zokwakha - uCaptain Jan Dzyalak kanye nabasebenzi, ithimba lezokuxhumana, abashayeli, abathumeli - cishe abazimele abangama-1939 sebebonke.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamayunithi okuvikela emoyeni kwamenyezelwa ngobusuku buka-Agasti 23-24, 1939. Iwebhusayithi yekomkhulu lezokuvikela emoyeni. E-Warsaw, kwakunendlu yokulala ebhange lase-Handlowy emgwaqweni. Mazowiecka 16 eWarsaw. Waqala umsebenzi ekupheleni kuka-August 1939 futhi wasebenza khona kwaze kwaba ngu-25 Septhemba. Khona-ke, kwaze kwaba yilapho ezinikela, wayesegumbini elingaphansi le-Warsaw Defence Command emgwaqeni. Marshalkovskaya esakhiweni se-OPM.

Ngo-August 31, 1939, kwakhishwa umyalo ophuthumayo wezikhali ezilwa nezindiza. Ngakho-ke, amayunithi ezikhali ezilwa nezindiza zokuvikela umoya wezwe atshalwa ezikhundleni zezimboni ezibalulekile, ezokuxhumana, ezempi nezokuphatha. Inani elikhulu lamayunithi laligxilwe enhloko-dolobha. Amandla asele abelwa amabhizinisi amakhulu ezimboni kanye nezisekelo zomoya.

75 11-mm ibhethri likagandaganda wezikhali ezilwa nendiza. Kulokhu kwenezelwa izikhali eziyi-101 ezinezibhamu ezimbili ezimile-semi-stationary anti-aircraft - ama-platoons: 102, 103, 75, 101, 102, 103, 156, 157, 1, 75.), amathimba amathathu "efektri" as Zakłady PZL No. 13, PZL No. 101 kanye ne-Polskie Zakłady Optical) kanye nohlelo olwengeziwe “lwendiza” No. I-Baran kanye ne-airbase embozwe engu-No. 102 e-Okęcie Airport. Ngokuqondene ne-Air Base No. 103 e-Okęcie, ngaphezu kwama-Bofors amabili, yayivikelwe ngezibhamu ezingu-104 ze-Hotchkiss ezisindayo futhi mhlawumbe ezimbalwa ezingu-105 mm wz. Ama-Hotchkisses angama-106 (okungenzeka amahlanu?).

Ngokuqondene namabhethri alwa nezindiza, ingxenye enkulu yamandla yayiseWarsaw: amabhethri ayi-10 ahlala unomphela wz. 97 kanye wz. 97/25 (40 75 mm guns), 1 ibhethri engemuva (2 75 mm guns wz. 97/17), 1 motor day (3 motor battery - 12 75 mm guns wz. 36St), 5 semi-permanent battery (20 75 mm wz.37St guns). Isamba samabhethri angu-19 ezibhamu ezingu-75-mm zemiklamo ehlukahlukene, ingqikithi yezibhamu ezingu-74. Inhlokodolobha yavikelwa iningi lakamuva lama-75mm wz. 36st kanye wz. 37St from Starachowice - 32 out 44 akhiqizwa. Akuwona wonke amabhethri anezibhamu zesimanje ezingu-75-mm athole amadivaysi aphakathi nendawo, anciphisa kakhulu amandla awo okulwa. Ngaphambi kwempi, kwafika ayisishiyagalombili kuphela kulawa makhamera. Endabeni yale divayisi, bekuyi-A wz. 36 PZO-Lev uhlelo, olwalunezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko:

a) I-stereoscopic rangefinder enesisekelo esingu-3 m (kamuva esinesisekelo esingu-4 m nokukhulisa izikhathi ezingu-24), i-altimeter ne-speedometer. Ngenxa yabo, ububanzi obuya kulokho okuhlosiwe kwalinganiswa, kanye nokuphakama, isivinini kanye nesiqondiso sendiza ngokuhlobene nendawo yebhethri yezibhamu ezilwa nezindiza.

b) Ikhompyutha eguqule idatha kusuka kuyunithi ye-rangefinder (icabangela izichibiyelo ezenziwe umphathi webhethri) ibe imingcele yokudubula yesibhamu sebhethri ngasinye, i.e. i-angle evundlile (i-azimuth), i-angle yokuphakama yomphongolo wesibhamu kanye nebanga lapho i-fuse kufanele ifakwe khona i-projectile exoshiwe - okuthiwa. iqembu.

c) Uhlelo lukagesi ngaphansi kwe-DC voltage (4 V). Wadlulisela kozamukeli abathathu abafakwe esibhamini ngasinye imingcele yokudubula eyenziwe yiyunithi yokuguqula.

Yonke imishini emaphakathi yayifihlwe emabhokisini ayisithupha akhethekile ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Iqembu eliqeqeshwe kahle linemizuzu engu-30 yokuyithuthukisa, okungukuthi. ukuguquka ukusuka ekuhambeni ukuya endaweni yokulwa.

Lo mshini ubulawulwa amasosha angu-15, amahlanu kuwo abeseqenjini le-rangefinder, amanye amahlanu ethimbeni lokubala, kanti amahlanu okugcina alawula abamukela izibhamu. Umsebenzi wabasizi kwabamukelayo bekuwukuqinisekisa izinkomba zokutshekisa ngaphandle kokuthatha ukufundwa nezilinganiso. Isikhathi sezinkomba bekusho ukuthi isibhamu besikulungele ukudubula. Idivayisi yasebenza kahle lapho okuhlosiwe okubhekiwe kusebangeni elingama-2000 m kuya ku-11000 m, endaweni engamamitha angama-800 kuya ku-8000 m futhi ihamba ngesivinini esingu-15 kuya ku-110 m/s, futhi isikhathi sokundiza kweprojectile sasingekho. ngaphezu kwamasekhondi angu-35 Imiphumela engcono kakhulu yokudubula, izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zokulungisa zingenziwa kumshini wokubala. Bavumela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukucabangela: umphumela womoya endleleni yendiza ye-projectile, ukunyakaza kwethagethi ngesikhathi sokulayisha nokundiza, ibanga eliphakathi kwemishini emaphakathi nendawo yebhethri yezikhali, -biziwe. i-parallax.

Ikhamera yokuqala yalolu chungechunge yakhiwe ngokuphelele yinkampani yaseFrance i-Optique et Precision de Levallois. Kwabe sekuthi elesibili, elesithathu nelesine lenziwa ingxenye e-Optique et Precision de Levallois (i-rangefinder nazo zonke izingxenye zesibali) futhi ngokwengxenye e-Polish Optical Factory SA (umhlangano wemishini emaphakathi nokukhiqizwa kwazo zonke izamukeli zezibhamu). Kuwo wonke amanye amakhamera e-Optique et Precision de Levallois, yizitholi zebanga kanye nokulingisa kwe-aluminium kwamakesi eyunithi yekhompyutha okuvela eFrance. Umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa imishini emaphakathi wawuqhubeka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ikhophi yokuqala yemodeli entsha ene-rangefinder enesisekelo esingu-5 m kwakuhlelwe ukuthi ilethwe e-Polskie Zakłady Optyczne SA ngoMashi 1, 1940.

Ngaphezu kwebhethri engu-75 mm, bekunama-platoons angu-14 ahlala unomphela ano-40 mm wz. 38 "Bofors": 10 ezempi, "imboni" ezintathu kanye "nomoya", ingqikithi 28 40-mm izibhamu. UColonel Baran wathumela ngokushesha amathimba amahlanu ukuze avikele izikhungo ezingaphandle kwenhloko-dolobha:

a) ePalmyra - amadepho ezinhlamvu, igatsha le-Main Arms Depot No. 1 - 4 izibhamu;

b) e-Rembertov - i-gunpowder factory

- 2 imisebenzi;

c) ukuya e-Łowicz - eduze kwedolobha neziteshi zesitimela

- 2 imisebenzi;

d) ukuya eGura Kalwaria - eduze kwebhuloho phezu kweVistula - 2 isebenza.

Kusele ama-platoons ayisishiyagalolunye enhloko-dolobha, okuhlanganisa "imboni" emithathu kanye "nomoya" owodwa.

Endabeni yama-platoons ayi-10 abuthelwe ku-1st Regiment, akhiwe emabhalekisini eBernerow ngo-27-29 Agasti. Amayunithi athuthukisiwe akhiwe kusukela ezinsalela zokuhlanganisa, ikakhulukazi ezivela ezizimele kanye nezikhulu zombuso. Izikhulu ezincane, ezichwepheshile zathunyelwa kumabhethri ezigaba zezingane (uhlobo A - 4 izibhamu) noma ama-brigades amahhashi (uhlobo B - 2 izibhamu). Izinga lokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi bamarezevu laliphansi ngokusobala kunelabasebenzi abangochwepheshe, futhi izikhulu zesiqiwi zazingayazi iWarsaw kanye nendawo eyizungezile. Wonke ama-platoons ahoxiswe ezikhundleni zokudubula.

kuze kube ngu-Agasti 30.

Ophikweni Lwezokuvikela Zomoya eWarsaw Center bekunamaphoyisa ayi-6, abazimele abangama-50, emabhethrini okuvikela izikhulu izikhulu eziyi-103 nezizimele ezingama-2950, ​​izikhulu eziyi-109 seziphelele kanye nezizimele ezingama-3000. Ngokuvikela okusebenzayo kwesibhakabhaka phezu kweWarsaw ngoSepthemba 1, 1939, izibhamu ezingama-74 zohlobo lwe-75 mm kanye nezibhamu eziyi-18 ze-40 mm caliber wz. 38 Bofors, isamba sezibhamu ezingama-92. Ngaso leso sikhathi, izinkampani ezimbili kweziyisihlanu ezihleliwe zokulwa nezindiza zohlobo "B" zingasetshenziselwa ukulwa (ama-4 platoons ezibhamu ezi-4, izibhamu ezinkulu ezingama-32 eziphelele, Izikhulu eziyi-10 nezizimele ezingama-380, ezingenazo izimoto); izinkampani ezintathu ezisele zohlobo A (ezinezinqola ezidonswa amahhashi) zathunyelwa umkhuzi wezindiza nezokuvikela emoyeni ukuze zihlanganise nezinye izikhungo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona izinkampani ezintathu zokusesha izibani ezilwa nezindiza: izinkampani ze-11, ze-14, ze-17, ezihlanganisa izikhulu ezingu-21 kanye nezizimele ezingu-850. Ingqikithi yamaplatoon ayi-10 anamalambu e-Maison Bréguet angu-36 kanye ne-Sautter-Harlé, kanye nezinkampani zamabhaluni ezinhlanu ezinamaphoyisa cishe ayi-10, amadoda angama-400 abhaliselwe kanye namabhaluni angu-50.

Ngo-Agasti 31, izikhali ezingama-75 mm ezilwa nezindiza zasetshenziswa ngamaqembu amane:

1. I-“Vostok” - ibutho lezempi lezempi elingu-103 le-semi-permanent yesigaba (umphathi u-Major Mieczysław Zilber; izibhamu ezi-4 wz. 97 kanye nezibhamu ezingu-12 ezingu-75 mm wz. 97/25 caliber) kanye ne-103rd semi-permanent battery Division of the Battery uhlobo I (bona i-Kędzierski – 4 37 mm guns wz.75St.

2. "Enyakatho": I-101st semi-permanent artillery squadron Plot (umkhuzi u-Major Michal Khrol-Frolovich, amabhethri e-squadron kanye nomkhuzi: 104. - uLieutenant Leon Svyatopelk-Mirsky, 105 - UCaptain Cheslav Maria Geraltovsky, 106.ntholony Anthony. - 12 wz. 97/25 izinga 75 mm); 101. Ibhethri lezikhali elihlala unomphela Isigaba I (umlawuli uLieutenant Vincenty Dombrovsky; 4 guns wz. 37St, caliber 75 mm).

3. “INingizimu” - Isiqephu se-102 semi-permanent semi-permanent ye-artillery Plot (umkhuzi u-Major Roman Nemchinsky, abaphathi bebhethri: 107th - u-lieutenant wokugcinwa u-Edmund Scholz, we-108 - u-lieutenant u-Vaclav Kaminsky, we-109 - u-lieutenant Jerzy 12/97 25 mm), 75. Ibhethri lezikhali elihlala kancane Lesifunda I (umlawuli wama-lieutenant Vladislav Shpiganovich; 102 guns wz. 4St, caliber 37 mm).

4. "Okumaphakathi" - ibutho le-11 lezikhali ezilwa nezindiza ezinenjini, eliqiniswe amabhethri ohlobo lwe-156 no-157 lwe-semi-permanent I (ngalinye linezibhamu ezingu-4 37-mm wz. 75St).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-1st District Artillery and Tractor Battery yathunyelwa ku-Sekerki (umphathi - uLieutenant Zygmunt Adessman; 2 cannons 75 mm wz. 97/17), kanye nethimba "lomoya" elihlala unomphela livikele inkundla yezindiza yase-Okentse Okentse - ukaputeni we-Observatory Miroslav. U-Prodan, umkhuzi weqembu le-air base No. 1, umshayeli wendiza u-Alfred Belina-Grodsky - izibhamu ezingu-2 40-mm

wz. 38 Bofors).

Izikhali eziningi ezingama-75 mm medium caliber (amabhethri ayi-10) zazinemishini yeMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Uhla noma izinto zokulinganisa azikwazanga ukufinyelela noma ukurekhoda isivinini sendiza yaseJalimane, eyayindizela phezulu futhi ngokushesha. Imishini yokulinganisa kumabhethri anezibhamu ezindala zaseFrance ingadubula ngempumelelo endizeni endizayo ngesivinini esingafika ku-200 km/h.

Amasosha ezikhali ezilwa nendiza ahlala unomphela ngalinye lihlome ngenganono engu-2 engu-40 mm wz. 38 "Bofors" ibekwe ezindaweni ezibalulekile zedolobha: amabhuloho, izimboni kanye sezindiza. Inombolo ye-platoons: i-105 (u-lieutenant / uLieutenant / Stanislav Dmukhovsky), i-106 (isakhamuzi se-lieutenant Witold M. Pyasetsky), i-107 (ukaputeni uZygmunt Jezersky), i-108 (umkhuzi we-cadet u-Nikolai Dunin-Martsinkevich) threutenant 109 Junior (1) S. Pyasecki) kanye “nefekthri” I-Polish Mortgages of Optics (umphathi u-NN), amathimba amabili “efekthri”: PZL “Motniki” (ehlanganiswe yi-Polish Plants of Lotnichny Conclusions Motnikov Nr 1 e-Warsaw, umkhuzi - ukaputeni osewathatha umhlalaphansi u-Jakub Jan Hruby) I-PZL “Płatowce” (yahlanganisa i-Polskie Zakłady Lotnicze Wytwórnia Płatowców No. XNUMX eWarsaw, umkhuzi - N.N.).

Endabeni kaBofors, wz. 36, kanye nempi engapheli, amathimba "efektri" kanye "nomoya" athole i-wz. 38. Umehluko omkhulu wawuwukuthi eyokuqala yayine-ekseli ephindwe kabili, kanti yona yayine-asi eyodwa. Amasondo okugcina, ngemuva kokudluliswa kwesibhamu ukusuka ekuhambeni ukuya empini, anqanyuliwe futhi sama phezu kwesisekelo sama-keel amathathu. Ama-Semi-solid platoons ayengenayo i-motor traction yawo, kodwa izibhamu zawo zazikwazi ukuxhunywa futhi ziyiswe kwelinye iphuzu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuzona zonke izibhamu ze-Bofors ezazine-K.3 rangefinder enesisekelo esingu-1,5 m (zilinganise ibanga eliya kulokho okuhlosiwe). Ngaphambi kwempi, kwathengwa ama-rangefinder angaba ngu-140 eFrance futhi akhiqizwa ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-PZO ngama-zloty angu-9000 lilinye ngezibhamu ezilwa nezindiza ezingaba ngu-500. Akekho noyedwa kubo owathola i-speedometer, “ababengenaso isikhathi” sokuyithenga ngaphambi kwempi ngama-zloty angu-5000 1937, ngesinye sezizathu zenqubo yokukhetha ende eyathatha kusukela entwasahlobo ka-1939 kuya ku-April XNUMX. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-speedometer, ekala isivinini kanye nomzila wendiza, yavumela i-Bofors ukuba iqhube umlilo onembile.

Ukuntuleka kwemishini ekhethekile kunciphise kakhulu ukusebenza kwezibhamu. Ukudubula kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuzingela kwamehlo, okukhuthaze "izici ezibalulekile" kuzikhali ezilwa nezindiza ngesikhathi sokuthula, kwakukuhle ukudubula ama-pellets amadada, hhayi endizeni yesitha ehamba ngesivinini esingaba ngu-100 m / s ebangeni kufika ku-4 km - insimu yokuhlulwa okuphumelelayo kweBofors. Akuzona zonke izibhamu zesimanje ezilwa nezindiza okungenani ezinemishini yokulinganisa yangempela.

Pursuit brigade ezimpini zaseWarsaw

IJalimane yahlasela iPoland ngo-September 1, 1939, ekuseni ngo-4:45 ekuseni. Umgomo oyinhloko we-Luftwaffe kwakuwukundiza ngokusekela i-Wehrmacht futhi ibhubhise indiza yezempi yasePoland kanye nokunqotshwa kokuphakama komoya okuhlobene nalokhu. Enye yezinto ezihamba phambili zezindiza ezinsukwini zakuqala kwakuyizikhumulo zezindiza nezisekelo zezindiza.

Ulwazi mayelana nokuqala kwempi lwafinyelela endlunkulu yebutho labashushisi ngehora lesi-5 ekuseni ngenxa yombiko ovela esiteshini samaphoyisa sesifundazwe eSuwałki. Isexwayiso sokulwa simenyezelwe. Ngokushesha umsakazo waseWarsaw wamemezela ukuqala kwempi. Izingqapheli zenethiwekhi eziqaphayo zibike ukuba khona kwezindiza zakwamanye amazwe ezindiza ngezindlela ezihlukene ezindaweni eziphakeme. Isiteshi samaphoyisa saseMława sathumela izindaba ngezindiza eziya eWarsaw. Umkhuzi wakhipha umyalo wokuba kwethulwe ngokushesha ama-dion amabili. Ekuseni, cishe ngo-00:7, ama-PZL-50 angu-21 kusukela ku-III/11 kusukela ku-1 PZL-22 kanye no-11 PZL-3s avela ku-IV/7 Dyon asuka.

Izindiza zezitha zandiza phezu kwenhloko-dolobha zivela enyakatho. AbasePoland balinganisela inani labo cishe ku-80 Heinkel He 111 kanye ne-Dornier Do 17 namabhomu angu-20 Messerschmitt Me 110. Endaweni ephakathi kweWarsaw, Jablona, ​​Zegrze neRadzymin, cishe izimpi zomoya eziyisi-8 zalwelwa endaweni ephakeme engu-00-2000 m: 3000 ekuseni, kancane kancane ukwakheka kweqembu lamabhomu amathathu - 35 He 111 kusukela ku-II (K) / LG 1 ekhava ye-24 Me 110 kusukela ku-I (Z) / LG 1. Iqembu lamabhomu liqale ngo-7:25 ngo izikhawu zemizuzu emi-5. Kube nezimpi zomoya eziningana ezindaweni ezahlukene. AmaPoles akwazile ukunqanda amafomu amaningana abuyile ekuhlaselweni. Abashayeli bezindiza basePoland babike ukuthi izindiza ezi-6 zehlisiwe, kodwa ukunqoba kwabo kwaba ihaba. Eqinisweni, bakwazile ukukhipha futhi okungenzeka ukuthi bacekela phansi i-He 111 z 5. (K) / LG 1, ebiqhumisa i-Okentse. Iqembu lakhe lenze "isisu" esiphuthumayo eduze kwedolobhana laseMeshki-Kuligi. Ngesikhathi ifika, indiza yaphuka (abasebenzi abathathu basinda, kwashona oyedwa). Lokhu kwaba ukunqoba kokuqala ekuvikeleni inhloko-dolobha. Abashayeli bezindiza abavela ku-IV/1 Dyon bamlwela njengeqembu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-He 111 yesibili evela eqenjini elifanayo yahlala esiswini sayo nenjini emile endaweni yayo yezindiza e-Pounden. Ngenxa yomonakalo omkhulu osuswe kuhulumeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-He 111s esuka ku-6.(K)/LG 1, ehlasele i-Skierniewice kanye nebhuloho likaloliwe eduze kwase-Piaseczno, yashayisana nezilwi zasePoland. Elinye lamabhomu (ikhodi L1 + CP) lonakele kabi. Angase abe isisulu sika-lieutenant wama-50. UWilold Lokuchevsky. Ufike endaweni ephuthumayo eShippenbeil ngomonakalo ongu-114% kanye nelungu leqembu elishone ngenxa yamanxeba akhe. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kulahlekelwa, amanye amabhomu amabili abe nomonakalo omncane. Izisebenzi zamabhomu kanye nabaphelezeli bakwazile ukudubula phansi u-lieutenant we-114. UStanisław Shmeila we-EM yesi-110, owaphahlazeka eduze kwase-Wyszków washayisa imoto yakhe. Owesibili owalimala kwaba nguLieutenant Omkhulu u-Bolesław Olevinsky we-EM 1, owahamba ngepharashuthi eduze kwase-Zegrze (edutshulwe phansi ngu-Me 1 kwangu-111. (Z)/LG 11) kanye no-110th Lieutenant. UJerzy Palusinski ovela ku-EM 1, i-PZL-25a yakhe yaphoqeleka ukuba ifike eduze nedolobhana laseNadymna. UPalusinski wahlasela futhi walimaza iMe XNUMX Meyi ngaphambili. U-Grabmann one-I(Z)/LG XNUMX (wayenomonakalo ongu-XNUMX%).

Naphezu kokuzinikela kwamaPoles kubasebenzi baseJalimane abasebenzisa ama-squadrons nokhiye, bakwazile ukuwela idolobha ngaphandle kwezinkinga phakathi kuka-7:25 no-10:40. Ngokwemibiko yasePoland, amabhomu awela phezu: I-Kercielego Square, i-Grochow, i-Sadyba Ofitserska (amabhomu angu-9), i-Powązki - i-sanitary battalion, i-Golendzinov. Babulawa futhi balimala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindiza zaseJalimane zaphonsa amabhomu angu-5-6 eGrodzisk Mazowiecki, futhi amabhomu angu-30 awela eBłonie. Izindlu eziningana zabhidlika.

Ngezikhathi zasemini, i-patrol yama-PZL-11s amane avela ku-112.EM abanjwe nophenyo lwe-Dornier Do 17P 4.(F)/121 phezu kwe-Wilanów. Umshayeli wendiza uStefan Oksheja wadubula ebhekise kuye eduze, kwaqhuma ukuqhuma, kwabulawa lonke ithimba lezitha.

Ntambama, kwavela iqembu elikhulu lezindiza phezu kwenhloko-dolobha. AmaJalimane athumela ukwakheka kwezimoto ezingaphezu kuka-230 ukuze zihlasele izindawo ezihlosiwe zezempi. Ama-He 111Hs nama-Ps athunyelwe asuka ku-KG 27 futhi asuka ku-II(K)/LG 1 nama-dive Junkers Ju 87Bs avela ku-I/StG 1 ekhava cishe angu-30 Messerschmitt Me 109Ds avela ku-I/JG 21 (amaqembu amathathu) kanye ne-Me 110s evela ku-I. ( Z)/LG 1 kanye ne-I/ZG 1 (22 Me 110B kanye no-C). I-armada yayinama-123 He 111s, 30 Ju 87s kanye nama-80-90 fighters.

Ngenxa yomonakalo empini yasekuseni, ama-30 fighters asePoland aphakanyiswa emoyeni, futhi umbhubhisi we-152 wandizela empini. I-6 PZL-11a kanye no-C yakhe nayo yangena empini. Njengasekuseni, abashayeli bezindiza basePoland abakwazanga ukumisa amaJalimane, aphonsa amabhomu ezindaweni zawo. Kube nochungechunge lwezimpi futhi abashayeli bezindiza basePoland balahlekelwa kakhulu ngemva kokuhlaselwa kwamabhomu.

Ngosuku lokuqala lwempi, abashayeli bezindiza be-brigade abaphishekelayo bandiza okungenani ama-sorties angu-80 futhi bathi ukunqoba okuqinisekile kwe-14. Eqinisweni, bakwazile ukucekela phansi izindiza zezitha ezine kuya kweziyisikhombisa futhi balimaza ezinye eziningi. Balahlekelwe kakhulu - balahlekelwe izimpi eziyi-13, kwathi ishumi nambili lalimala. Kushone umshayeli wendiza oyedwa, kwalimala abayisishiyagalombili, oyedwa wabo washona kamuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, enye i-PZL-11c ilahlekelwe amayunithi angu-152. EM kanye no-lieutenant omncane. U-Anatoly Piotrovsky washona eduze kwaseKhoszczówka. Kusihlwa ngo-September 1, kuphela ama-fighters angu-24 kuphela ayeselungele ukulwa, kuphela kusihlwa ngosuku olulandelayo inani lamasosha anamandla akhuphuka lafika ku-40; kwakungekho ukulwa usuku lonke. Ngosuku lokuqala, izikhali ezilwa nezindiza zaseWarsaw azizange ziphumelele.

Ngokwesifinyezo sokusebenza somnyango wezokuphepha we-High Command yoMnyango Wezindaba Zezempi. Ngo-September 1, ngo-17:30, amabhomu awela ku-Babice, Wawrzyszew, Sekerki (amabhomu avuthayo), i-Grochow ne-Okecie eduze ne-Warsaw Center, kanye nefekthri ye-hull - oyedwa washona kanye nabaningi abalimala.

Kodwa-ke, ngokusho "Ulwazi LoMkhuzi Wezempi Yezokuvikela Ngemiphumela Yeziqhumane ZaseJalimane ngo-September 1 no-2, 1939" yamhla zi-3 kuMandulo, iWarsaw yahlaselwa kathathu ngosuku lokuqala lwempi: ngo-7:00, 9:20 nango-17:30. Amabhomu aqhuma kakhulu (500, 250 kanye nama-50 kg) ajikijelwa edolobheni. Cishe u-30% weziqhumane ezingaqhume zehliswa, ama-5 kg ​​amabhomu e-thermite-incendiary awiswa. Bahlasele endaweni ephakeme engaphezu kuka-3000 m, ngokuhlakazeka. Enkabeni yedolobha ukusuka ohlangothini lwePrague, ibhuloho laseKerbedsky laqhunyiswa. Izinto ezibalulekile zaqhunyiswa amabhomu kathathu - ngamabhomu angama-500 no-250-kilogram - i-PZL Okęcie (u-1 ubulewe, u-5 walimala) kanye namadolobha: i-Babice, i-Vavshiszew, i-Sekerki, i-Czerniakow ne-Grochow - ngamabhomu avuthayo abangela imililo emincane. Njengomphumela wokugoba, kwakukhona izinto ezingabalulekile nokulahlekelwa kwabantu: 19 babulawa, 68 balimala, kuhlanganise 75% izakhamuzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la madolobha alandelayo ahlaselwa: iWilanow, iWlochy, iPruszkow, iWulka, iBrwinow, iGrodzisk-Mazowiecki, iBlonie, iJaktorov, iRadzymin, i-Otwock, iRembertov kanye namanye.

Ezinsukwini ezalandela, amabhomu ayizitha aphinde aqhamuka. Kwaba nezimpi ezintsha. Abalweli bebutho labagijimi bangenza okuncane. Ukulahlekelwa kwagibela nhlangothi zombili, kodwa ohlangothini lwasePoland kwakukukhudlwana futhi kusinda kakhulu. Ebaleni, izinto ezilimele azikwazanga ukulungiswa, futhi indiza efike endaweni ephuthumayo ayizange ihlehliswe futhi ibuyiselwe emsebenzini.

NgoSepthemba 6, impumelelo nokuhlulwa okuningi kwaqoshwa. Ekuseni, ngemva kuka-5:00, i-29 Ju 87 dive bombers esuka ku-IV(St)/LG 1, ephelezelwa yi-Me 110 isuka ku-I/ZG 1, yahlasela igceke le-marshalling eWarsaw futhi indizela enhlokodolobha isuka entshonalanga. Phezu kweWlochy (idolobha eliseduze neWarsaw), lezi zindiza zavinjwa ama-fighters avela embuthweni wamasosha. Abashayeli bezindiza abavela ku-IV/1 Dyon bahlanganyele ne-Me 110. Bakwazi ukucekela phansi indiza ye-Maj. UHammes, owashona, kanye nesibhamu sakhe u-Oww. USteffen wabanjwa. Umdubuli olimele kancane uyiswe e-Dion Airport III/1 e-Zaborov. Imoto yaseJalimane yawela esiswini eduze kwedolobhana laseVoytseshyn. AbasePoland abalahlekelwanga lutho empini.

Emini, ama-25 Ju 87s asuka e-IV(St)/LG 1 (ukuhlasela ngo-11:40-13:50) kanye no-20 Ju 87s kusukela ku-I/StG 1 (ukuhlasela ngo-11:45-13:06) kuvele e-Warsaw. . . . Ukwakheka kokuqala kwahlasela ibhuloho engxenyeni esenyakatho yenhloko-dolobha, kanti eyesibili yahlasela ibhuloho likaloliwe engxenyeni eseningizimu yedolobha (mhlawumbe iSrednikovy Bridge (?) Cishe ishumi nambili le-PZL-11 kanye ne-PZL-7 eminingana eholwa nguKaputeni. U-Kowalczyk wandizela empini. Ama-Poles ahlulekile ukuthatha noma iyiphi i-One formation AmaJalimane avela ku-I/StG 1 abike ukutholakala kwezilwi ezingazodwana, kodwa akuzange kulwe.

Ngenkathi indiza i-IV/1 Dyon iya enkundleni yezindiza e-Radzikovo ngo-Septhemba 6 noma emini yalolo suku, ikomkhulu lamasosha aphenyayo liyalelwe ukuthi lishanele unxantathu we-Kolo-Konin-Lovich. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yesivumelwano sasekuseni phakathi komyalo we-Air Force "Poznan" nomyalo wezindiza. UColonel Pavlikovsky wathumela amasosha e-brigade ye-18 kule ndawo (isikhathi sendiza 14: 30-16: 00). Lokhu kuhlanzwa kwakufanele kunikeze "ukuphefumula" emabuthweni ebutho "lasePoznan", lihlehla libheke eKutno. Sekukonke, kukhona i-11 PZL-1s evela ku-IV / 15 Dyon evela enkundleni yezindiza e-Radzikov ngaphansi komyalo kaCaptain V. Kovalchik kanye ne-3 PZL-11s evela ku-III / 1 Dyon evela enkundleni yezindiza e-Zaborov, eyayitholakala amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka. I-Radzikov. La mabutho ayezoba nezinhlaka ezimbili endizelana eduze (12 kanye ne-11 PZL-200). Ngenxa yalokhu kube nokwenzeka ukubiza ozakwabo ukuze bathole usizo ngomsakazo. Ibanga labo lokundiza lalibalelwa ku-8 km ukuya nokubuya. Amasosha aseJalimane ayesevele esendaweni yokuhlanza. Uma kwenzeka kuhlaliswa ngenkani, umshayeli wendiza wayengabanjwa. Uma kwenzeka kungabikho uphethiloli noma umonakalo, abashayeli bezindiza bangenza isimo esiphuthumayo esikhumulweni sezindiza sase-Osek Maly (15 km enyakatho yeKolo), lapho indlunkulu yasePoznan III / 00 Dön Myslivsky ngosizo kwakudingeka ibalinde. kuze kube ngu-3:160. Abashayeli bezindiza benze ukushanela endaweni yaseKutno-Kolo-Konin. Njengoba indiza 170-15 km, cishe 10:9 ukuya eningizimu-ntshonalanga. baseKolo bakwazile ukuthungatha amabhomu ezitha. Abashayeli bamabhanoyi baphume sebebheke phezulu. Bamangazwe yi-111 He 4Hs esuka ku-26./KG 13 esebenza kunxantathu we-Lenchica-Lovich-Zelko (ukuhlasela kwezempi 58:16-28:15). Ukuhlasela kwabashayeli bezindiza kugxile kukhiye wokugcina. Kusukela ngo-10:15 kuya ku-30:4 kwaba khona impi yomoya. AmaPole ahlasele amaJalimane ngokuhleleka kwawo wonke, ahlasela iqembu lonke eduze. Umlilo wokuzivikela wamaJalimane wabonakala uphumelela kakhulu. I-Deck Gunners XNUMX. U-Staffel ubike okungenani izigameko zokubulala ezine, okukhona kuzo okuqinisekisiwe kamuva.

Ngokombiko we Kowalczyk, abashayeli bakhe babike ukuwa kwezindiza ezi-6 phakathi nemizuzu engu-7-10, ezi-4 zonakalisiwe. Izibhamu zabo ezintathu zahlala endaweni yokulwa yase-Kolo Uniejów, kwathi ezinye ezine zahlala endizeni ebuyayo phakathi kwe-Lenchica ne-Blonie ngenxa yokuntuleka kukaphethiloli. Bese omunye wabo ebuyela eyunithi. Sekukonke, i-4 PZL-6s kanye nabashayeli bezindiza ababili abafile balahlekile ngesikhathi sokuhlanza: I-11th Lieutenant V. Roman Stog - yawa (yaphahlazeka emhlabathini eduze kwedolobhana laseStrashkow) kanye ne-platoon. U-Mieczysław Kazimierczak (ubulawe ngemva kokuba ipharashute ligxume emlilweni lisuka phansi; mhlawumbe owakhe umlilo).

AmaPoles akwazi ngempela ukudubula acekele phansi amabhomu amathathu. Enye yahlala esiswini eduze kwedolobhana laseRushkow. Enye yayisemasimini edolobhaneni laseLabendy, kanti eyesithathu yaqhuma emoyeni yawela ngase-Unieyuv. Eyesine yalimala, kodwa yakwazi ukweqa ababemjaha futhi yaphoqeleka ukuba ihlale ngesisu esikhumulweni sezindiza iBreslau (manje esiyiWroclaw). Endleleni ebuyayo, abashayeli bezindiza bahlasele ukwakheka okungahleliwe kwama-He 111Hs amathathu ukusuka ku-Stab/KG 1 eduze kwase-Łowicz - kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Ayengekho uphethiloli nezinhlamvu ezanele. Omunye umshayeli wendiza kwadingeka enze indawo ephuthumayo ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuhlasela ngenxa yokuntuleka kukaphethiloli, futhi amaJalimane ambala ngokuthi "udutshulwe".

Ntambama ngoSepthemba 6, i-Pursuit Brigade yathola umyalo wokundiza i-Dion iye ezinkundleni zezindiza esifundeni saseLublin. Ithimba labhekana nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kakhulu ezinsukwini eziyisithupha, kwadingeka ukuba lengezwe futhi lihlelwe kabusha. Ngakusasa, izindiza zempi zandizela ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezimaphakathi nezwe. Abaphathi be-4th Panzer Division babesondela eWarsaw. Ngo-September 8-9, izimpi ezinonya zalwa naye ezindongeni ezithuthukisiwe ze-Okhota neVolya. AmaJalimane ayengenaso isikhathi sokuthatha idolobha ekuhambeni futhi aphoqeleka ukuba ahlehle phambili. Ukuvinjezelwa sekuqalile.

I-Warsaw Air Defense

Amasosha okuvikela emoyeni avela eWarsaw Center abambe iqhaza ezimpini neLuftwaffe phezu kweWarsaw kuze kube uSepthemba 6. Ezinsukwini zokuqala, ucingo lwaluvulwa izikhathi eziningana. Imizamo yabo ayizange iphumelele. Abadubuli behlulekile ukucekela phansi indiza eyodwa, nakuba kubikwe ukubulawa okuningana, ngokwesibonelo, phezu kwe-Okentse ngomhlaka-3 Septhemba. UBrigadier General M. Troyanovsky, Umkhuzi Wesifunda SaseCorps I, waqokwa njengoGeneral of Brig. I-Valerian Plague, ngo-September 4. Wayalelwa ukuthi avikele inhloko-dolobha entshonalanga futhi ahlele ukuvikela eduze kwamabhuloho ezinhlangothini zombili zeVistula eWarsaw.

Ukusondela kwamaJalimane eWarsaw kwabangela ukuthuthwa okukhulu nokuthuthumela kwendlunkulu ye-Supreme High Command kanye nezinhlaka eziphakeme kakhulu zamandla ombuso (September 6-8), kuhlanganisa. I-State Commissariat Yenhloko-dolobha yaseWarsaw. U-Commander-in-Chief wasuka e-Warsaw ngo-Septhemba 7 waya e-Brest-on-Bug. Ngalo lolo suku, uMongameli WeRiphabhulikhi YasePoland nohulumeni bandizela eLutsk. Lokhu kubaleka okusheshayo kobuholi bezwe kuthinte kakhulu umoya wabavikeli kanye nezakhamizi zaseWarsaw. Umhlaba uwele ekhanda labaningi. Amandla aphakeme athatha "yonke into" nayo, kuhlanganisa. iminyango eminingi yamaphoyisa kanye nezicishamlilo eziningi ukuze zizivikele. Abanye bakhulume “ngokuphuma” kwabo, okuhlanganisa nokuthi “bathathe amakhosikazi abo nemithwalo yabo ngezimoto bahamba.”

Ngemva kokweqa enhloko-dolobha yeziphathimandla zezwe, uStefan Starzynski, ukhomishana wedolobha, wathatha isikhundla sokuba ukhomishana womphakathi eMkhunjini Wezokuvikela waseWarsaw ngomhlaka-8 Septhemba. Uhulumeni wendawo, oholwa umongameli, wenqaba "ukukhipha" uhulumeni empumalanga futhi waba yinhloko yeziphathimandla zokuvikela idolobha. NgoSepthemba 8-16, ngomyalo woMkhuzi-Mkhulu eWarsaw, kwasungulwa iQembu Lezempi LaseWarsaw, kwase kuba i-Warsaw Army. Umkhuzi wawo kwakunguMajor General V. Julius Rommel. Ngomhla zingama-20 kuMandulo, umkhuzi wamasosha wasungula inhlangano eyelulekayo - iKomidi Lomphakathi - ukumela izithakazelo zezombangazwe, zezenhlalo nezomnotho. Yahlanganisa ndawonye abameleli bamaqembu amakhulu ezombusazwe nezenhlalo zedolobha. Kwakumelwe aholwe yena mathupha uJenene J. Rommel noma esikhundleni sakhe aholwe ukhomishana ovamile ngaphansi komkhuzi webutho.

Omunye wemiphumela yokukhishwa kweNdlunkulu ye-Supreme High Command enhloko-dolobha kwaba ukuwohloka okubi kakhulu kwe-Warsaw Air Defence Forces kuze kube nguSepthemba 6. Ngomhla zi-4 kuMandulo, izibhamu ezimbili (4 40-mm guns) zadluliselwa e-Skierniewice. Ngomhla zi-5 kuMandulo, ama-platoon amabili (izibhamu ezingama-4 40-mm), i-daplot ye-101 kanye nebhethri yesimanje engu-75-mm zadluliselwa eLukow. Ithimba elilodwa (izibhamu ezingu-2 40 mm) zathunyelwa e-Chełm, kanti elinye (izibhamu ezingu-2 40 mm) zathunyelwa e-Krasnystaw. Ibhethri elilodwa lesimanje elingu-75 mm nebhethri elilodwa elilandela ngemuva elingu-75 mm lithuthelwe e-Lvov. I-daplot ye-11 yathunyelwa ku-Lublin, futhi i-daplot ye-102 nebhethri eyodwa yesimanje engu-75-mm yathunyelwa ku-Bzhest. Wonke amabhethri e-anti-aircraft angama-75-mm ayevikela ibhange elikhulu lesobunxele ledolobha ahoxisiwe enhloko-dolobha. Umyalo wachaza lezi zinguquko ngokuthi amayunithi kaloliwe amabutho amathathu okulwa avela entshonalanga nokho asondela enhloko-dolobha futhi avala izikhala. Kwaba yiphupho nje loMphathi Omkhulu.

NgoSepthemba 16, amabhethri ezikhali ezingama-10-mm akhethekile kuphela we-19 ne-40 ohlobo A, kanye namabhethri ezikhali ezingama-81 kanye nama-89 athize angama-40-mm ohlobo B ngalinye linama-Bofors wz angu-10. I-36 caliber 40 mm. Ngenxa yezimpi nokuhlehla, amanye amabhethri abengakaqedwa. Nge-10 ne-19 kwakukhona izibhamu ezine nezintathu (ezijwayelekile: izibhamu ezi-4), futhi ngo-81 no-89 kwakukhona isibhamu esisodwa nezimbili (ezijwayelekile: izibhamu ezi-2). Ngaphezu kwalokho, isigaba 19 km kanye platoons kusukela Lowicz futhi Rembertov (4 Bofors izibhamu) wabuyela enhloko-dolobha. Ezinganeni ezingenamakhaya ezifika ngaphambili, indawo yokuqoqa yahlelwa emabhalekisini e-1st PAP Lot e-Mokotów emgwaqeni. I-Rakovetskaya 2b.

NgoSepthemba 5, iqembu lezinyathelo zokuvikela umoya zeWarsaw Center laba yingxenye yeqembu lomkhuzi wokuvikela iWarsaw, uGeneral V. Chuma. Mayelana nokuncishiswa okukhulu kwemishini, uColonel Baran, ngobusuku bangoSepthemba 6, wethula inhlangano entsha yamaqembu esikhungo futhi wabeka imisebenzi emisha.

Ekuseni ngoSepthemba 6, i-Warsaw Air Defence Forces yayihlanganisa: amabhethri ayi-5 anti-aircraft angu-75-mm (izibhamu ezingu-20 75-mm), ama-anti-aircraft platoons angu-12 40-mm (izibhamu ezingama-24 40-mm), inkampani eyodwa kweziyi-1. -cm izibani zokusesha ezilwa nezindiza, izinkampani ezi-150 zezibhamu ezilwa nezindiza (kuhlanganise no-5 B ngaphandle kwamahhashi) kanye nezinkampani ezi-2 zamabhaluni e-barrage. Ingqikithi: izikhulu ezingama-3, izikhulu ezingagunyaziwe ezingama-76 kanye nezizimele ezingama-396. Ngomhla ziyisi-2112 Septhemba, uColonel Baran wayenezibhamu ezingama-6 ezilwa nendiza (44 caliber 20 mm, okuhlanganisa kuphela ezine zesimanje wz. 75St and 37 wz. 24 Bofors 38 mm caliber) kanye nezinkampani ezinhlanu zezibhamu ezilwa nezindiza. Amabhethri angu-40 mm abe nesilinganiso somlilo ongu-75½, amabutho ezempi angu-3 mm 40½ umlilo, umlilo ongu-4½ emaqenjini "efekthri", kanye nezinkampani zezibhamu ezilwa nezindiza zibe nomlilo o-1.

Kusihlwa ngalo lolo suku, uColonel Baran wasungula isigaba esisha samaqembu kanye nemisebenzi yokuvikela umkhakha weWarsaw, kanye nobudlelwano bamaqhinga:

1. Iqembu "Vostok" - umkhuzi uMajor Mechislav Zilber, umphathi we-daplot ye-103 (75-mm amabhethri ahlala unomphela wz. 97 kanye ne-wz. 97/25; amabhethri: 110, 115, 116 kanye ne-117 kanye ne-103. Anti-aircraft engu-75. ibhethri 37-mm sh. XNUMX St.). Umsebenzi: ukuvikela okuphezulu kwemini nobusuku kocingo lwaseWarsaw.

2. Iqembu "Amabhuloho" - umphathi we-cap. Zygmunt Jezerski; Ukwakheka: amaplatoon we-104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109 kanye neqembu elivela esitshalweni saseBorishev. Umsebenzi: ukuvikela uthango lwamabhuloho kanye nesikhungo ezindaweni eziphakeme ezimaphakathi neziphansi, ikakhulukazi ukuvikela amabhuloho awela i-Vistula. I-104th platoon (umkhuzi womlilo, i-cadet yokugcina uZdislav Simonovich), izikhundla eduze kwebhuloho likaloliwe ePrague. Ibutho lacekelwa phansi ibhomu. Ithimba le-105 (umkhuzi womlilo / u-lieutenant omncane / uStanislav Dmuchowski), izikhundla phakathi kwePoniatowski Bridge kanye nebhuloho likaloliwe. Ithimba le-106 (umkhuzi wamasosha uLieutenant Witold Piasecki), isikhundla sokudubula eLazienki. Iqembu le-107 (ukapteni uZygmunt Jezerski). I-platoon ye-108 (umphathi we-cadet / u-lieutenant omncane / u-Nikolai Dunin-Martsinkevich), isikhundla sokudubula eduze ne-ZOO; ibutho elibhujiswe yiLuftwaffe. Iqembu le-109 (umkhuzi, u-lieutenant Viktor Pyasetsky), izikhundla zokudubula e-Fort Traugutt.

3. Iqembu "Svidra" - ukapteni womkhuzi. Jakub Hruby; Ukwakheka: iplatoon engu-40-mm yesitshalo se-PZL kanye nethimba le-anti-aircraft elingu-110th 40-mm. Womabili ama-platoons anikezwe umsebenzi wokuvikela ukuwela endaweni yaseSvider Male.

4. Iqembu elithi “Powązki” – Inkampani yesi-5 ye-AA km Umsebenzi: ukumboza indawo yesiteshi sikaloliwe sase-Gdańsk kanye ne-Citadel.

5. Iqembu "Dvorzhets" - inkampani 4 ingxenye km. Inhloso: ukumboza Izihlungi kanye nendawo Yesiteshi Esiyinhloko.

6. Iqembu "Prague" - inkampani 19 km isigaba. Inhloso: ukuvikela ibhuloho i-Kerbed, isiteshi sikaloliwe iVilnius kanye nesiteshi sikaloliwe saseMpumalanga.

7. Iqembu "Lazenki" - isigaba 18 km. Umsebenzi: ukuvikelwa kwendawo yebhuloho le-Srednikovy ne-Poniatovsky, imboni yegesi kanye nesiteshi sokupompa.

8. Iqembu "Medium" - inkampani yesithathu AA km. Umsebenzi: vala ingxenye emaphakathi yento (ama-platoons ama-3), vala isiteshi somsakazo saseWarsaw 2.

Edluliselwe ngomhlaka-6 Septhemba esebenzisa uColonel V. Baran, wathumela ithimba le-103 lama-40-mm eChersk ukuvikela ukuwela. Ngo-September 9, kwakukhona amacala amabili okuhamba okungagunyaziwe endaweni yokulwa ngaphandle kwesizathu esihle, i.e. ukulahlwa. Icala elinjalo lenzeka ebhethri ye-117, eyashiya iminyango yomlilo endaweni yaseGotslav, ibhubhisa izibhamu futhi ishiya imishini yokulinganisa. Owesibili wawusendaweni yaseSvidera Male, lapho ithimba elithi "Lovich" lishiye isikhundla sokudubula futhi lathuthela e-Otwock ngaphandle kwemvume, lishiya ingxenye yemishini endaweni. Umkhuzi webutho le-110 uvele phambi kwenkantolo yezempi. Kwavulwa icala elifanayo enkantolo yasensimini elibhekene noCapt. Inhlansi engatholakalanga. Isimo esifanayo senzeke enkampanini ye-18 yezokuvikela emoyeni wezempi, lapho umphathi wayo, uLieutenant Cheslav Novakovsky, ehamba e-Otwock (September 15 ngo-7 am) emndenini wakhe futhi akazange abuyele. UColonel Baran uphinde wadlulisela icala enkantolo yasendle. Ekupheleni kwezinsuku eziyishumi zokuqala zikaSepthemba, amathimba eBofors aphelelwa imiphongolo yezibhamu zawo, ngakho awakwazanga ukudubula ngempumelelo. Sakwazi ukuthola imiphongolo eyisipele engamakhulu ambalwa efihlwe ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla futhi yasatshalaliswa phakathi kwamaqembu.

Phakathi nokuvinjezelwa kwedolobha, amasosha abopha uzungu abika impumelelo eminingi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-September 9, uColonel. Baran mayelana nokudubula izindiza ezi-5, futhi ngo-September 10 - izindiza ezingu-15 kuphela, ezi-5 zazo zazingaphakathi kwedolobha.

NgoSeptemba 12, kwaba nolunye ushintsho lwezikhundla zokudubula kanye nezindlela zokuxhumana zamayunithi ezikhali ezilwa nezindiza esikhungweni saseWarsaw. Nalapho, uColonel Baran wabika ngesidingo sokuqinisa ukuzivikela komngcele waseWarsaw nge-75-mm wz. Isikebhe sama-37 ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemishini ephezulu yophahla kanye nokuqokwa kwe-dion yokuzingela ukumboza idolobha. Akuphumelelanga. Ngalolo suku, embikweni wesimo No. 3, uColonel Baran wabhala: Ukuhlasela okwenziwa ukhiye wendiza engu-3 Heinkel-111F ngo-13.50 kwalwiwa nama-platoons angama-40-mm kanye nezibhamu ezinkulu. Izindiza ezi-2 zidutshulwe ngesikhathi zitshuza emabhulohweni. Bawela endaweni yaseSt. UTamka kanye noSt. Medov.

NgoSepthemba 13, ngo-16:30, kwatholwa umbiko mayelana nokuwa kwezindiza ezi-3. AmaJalimane ahlasele indawo yesiteshi sikaloliwe iGdansk, iCitadel kanye nendawo ezungezile ngezindiza ezingama-50. Ngalesi sikhathi, izikhundla zebhethri ye-anti-aircraft engu-103 ehlukile wz. 37 St. ULieutenant Kendzersky. Imigodi yamabhomu engu-50 yakheka eduze. AmaJalimane ayengenaso isikhathi sokubhubhisa isibhamu esisodwa. Ngisho nangesikhathi bephuma edolobheni, umphathi walo wathola uKaputeni V. Iqoqo lezimoto zasolwandle. Wabe esedabula isibhamu esingu-40 mm esasisele emgwaqeni ngaseBielany wasinamathisela ebhethrini lakhe. Isibhamu sesibili esingu-40 mm satholwa ibhethri ensimini ye-Mokotovsky kusukela kubhethri ye-anti-aircraft engu-10 ye-40 mm emi lapho. Ngokomyalo kaLieutenant Kendziersky, ibutho lemboni elivela e-Boryshevo eline-Bofors (umkhuzi we-reserve Lieutenant Erwin Labus) nalo lafakwa ngaphansi futhi lathatha izikhundla zokudubula e-Fort Traugut. Bese kuba ithimba le-109 le-40-mm elilwa nendiza, u-lieutenant we-103. UViktor Pyasetsky. Lo mphathi wabeka izibhamu zakhe emthambekeni we-Fort Traugutt, lapho ayebonakala kahle kakhulu futhi esebenza eduze kakhulu nebhethri lama-75. Izibhamu ezingama-40mm zadonsela indiza yaseJalimane phansi ukusuka ophahleni oluphakeme base bevulela ngenhlamvu bebhekise kuzo ngezibhamu ezingu-103mm. Njengomphumela walokhu kusebenzisana, ibhethri lesi-9 libike ukungqongqoza okungu-1 okunembile kanye nenani okungenzeka ukuthi lisukela ngo-September 27 kuya ku-109, kanti i-platoon ye-11 ibe nokungqongqoza okunembile okungu-9 kusikweletu sayo. Ngenxa yokubona kusengaphambili kuka-Lieutenant Kendziersky, ngemva komhla ka-75 Septhemba, ibhethri lakhe lathatha zonke izinhlamvu ezingu-36-mm ezilwa nendiza ze-wz. XNUMXSt futhi kuze kube sekupheleni kokuvinjezelwa akakuzwanga ukushiyeka kwakhe.

NgoSepthemba 14, ngo-15:55, izindiza zahlasela iZoliborz, Wola kanye nengxenye enkabeni yedolobha. Umgomo oyinhloko bekuyimigqa yokuzivikela emkhakheni weZoliborz. Ngenxa yalokhu kugasela, kwaqubuka imililo engu-15 endaweni yezempi nekahulumeni, kuhlanganise nesiteshi sesitimela saseGdansk, nakuyo yonke indawo esenyakatho yedolobha (izindlu ezingu-11 zadilizwa); izihlungi ezilimele kancane kanye nenethiwekhi yamathrekhi wethilamu. Ngenxa yalokhu kugasela, kwabulawa amasosha angu-17 kwalimala angu-23.

Ngomhla ziyi-15 kuMandulo kwabikwa ukuthi ishayiswe yindiza eyodwa futhi bekumele ihlale endaweni yaseMarek. Cishe ngo-10:30 ekuseni, eyakhe impi ye-PZL-11 yadutshulwa ngezibhamu ezinkulu kanye namasosha ahamba ngezinyawo. Ngaleso sikhathi, amasosha ayenqatshelwe ukudubula kuze kube yilapho isikhulu sesiyiqaphela ngokucophelela indiza. Ngalolu suku, amaJalimane azungeza idolobha, ecindezela indandatho yokuvimbezela evela empumalanga. Ngaphezu kokuqhuma kwamabhomu emoyeni, amaJalimane asebenzisa izibhamu ezinamandla ezingaba ngu-1000 17 ezaziqhuma kakhulu. Kwaphinde kwaba nzima kakhulu kubadubuli bezindiza ezilwa nezindiza. Amagobolondo ezikhali ayeqhuma lapho ayedubula khona, kwaphumela ekulimaleni kwalimala. Isibonelo, ngoSepthemba 17, ngenxa yomlilo wezikhali, ngo-00:5, kwalimala abantu abazimele abangu-1, isibhamu esingu-40-mm esi-3, izimoto ezi-1, isibhamu esinzima esi-11 kanye namahhashi ayi-115 afile. Ngosuku olufanayo, inkampani ye-4th machine gun (ama-platoons amabili e-5 izibhamu ezisindayo ngalinye) kanye nenkampani ye-8 yebhaluni, eyayiyingxenye yeqembu lezokuvikela emoyeni, yafika eWarsaw ivela ku-Svider Maly. Emini, uphenyo oluqinile lwasemoyeni (ukuhlasela kwe-2) lwabonwa ngezindlela ezihlukene, ezindaweni eziphakeme ngamabhomu, izindiza zokuhlola kanye nama-Messerschmitt fighters (indiza eyodwa nokhiye, izimoto ezingu-3-2000 ngayinye) kusukela ku-XNUMX m ngezindiza ezingavamile kanye nezinguquko ezivamile imingcele yendiza; akukho mphumela.

Ngo-September 18, ukuhlasela kwe-reconnaissance ngendiza eyodwa kwaphindwa (kwabalelwa ku-8), amapheshana nawo achithwa. Omunye wabokuqala ("Dornier-17") udutshulwe phansi ngo-7:45 ekuseni. Ithimba lakhe kudingeke ukuthi lifike endaweni ephuthumayo endaweni yaseBabice. Mayelana nokuhlasela ukubamba indawo yasePruszkow, uColonel. dipl. Ibhethri ye-anti-aircraft i-Mariana Porwit, ehlanganisa ama-platoons amathathu ezibhamu ezimbili ze-40-mm. Ekuseni, ibhethri laqala ukudubula emkhakheni we-Kolo-Volya-Chiste.

Idolobha belisadutshulwe ngezikhali. NgoSepthemba 18, wenza lokhu kulahlekelwa okulandelayo kumayunithi e-AA: kwalimala abangu-10, kwabulawa amahhashi angu-14, amabhokisi amabili ezinhlamvu ezingu-2-mm acekelwa phansi, iloli elilodwa lalimala nezinye ezincane.

NgoSepthemba 20, cishe ngo-14:00, endaweni yeCentral Institute of Physical Education kanye neBelyansky Forest, kwagasela amabhomu e-Henschel-123 kanye ne-Junkers-87. Okunye ukuhlasela okuqinile ngo-16:15 kwenziwa yizindiza ezingaba ngu-30-40 zezinhlobo ezahlukene: i-Junkers-86, i-Junkers-87, i-Dornier-17, i-Heinkel-111, i-Messerschmitt-109 ne-Henschel-123. Phakathi nokuhlasela kwasemini, ikheshi lavutha. Amayunithi abike ukuwisa izindiza zezitha ezingu-7.

NgoSepthemba 21, kwabikwa ukuthi izindiza ezi-2 zadutshulwa ngenxa yomlilo wokulwa nezindiza. Cishe zonke izindawo zezikhali ezilwa nezindiza zashiswa yizikhali ezidubula phansi. Kukhona abasha abalimele

kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngomhla zingama-22 kuSeptemba, izindiza zamabhomu angabodwa ngenjongo yokuhlola zabonwa ekuseni; amapheshana aphinde asakazwa edolobheni. Phakathi kuka-14:00 no-15:00 kwaba nokuhlasela kwesitha ePrague, izindiza ezingaba ngu-20, kwadutshulwa indiza eyodwa. Phakathi kuka-16:00 no-17:00 kube nokuhlasela kwesibili okubandakanya izindiza ezingaphezu kuka-20. Ukuhlasela okukhulu kwakusebhulohweni lasePoniatowski. Indiza yesibili kubikwa ukuthi idutshuliwe. Kudutshulwe izindiza ezimbili emini.

NgoSepthemba 23, izindiza eziqhunyiswa ngamabhomu kanye nezindiza zokuhlola zaphinde zarekhodwa. Emini azizange zitholakale izindaba zokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kwedolobha nezindawo ezizungezile. Kubikwa ukuthi ababili bakwaDornier 2 badutshuliwe. Zonke izingxenye zaba ngaphansi komlilo omkhulu, okwaholela ekulahlekelweni kwezikhali. Kunamanye amahhashi abulewe nalinyaziwe, abulewe nalimele, izibhamu ezimbili zohlobo lwe-17-mm zilimele kabi. Omunye wabaphathi bebhethri ulimele kanzima.

NgoSepthemba 24 ekuseni, kusukela ngo-6:00 kuya ku-9:00, kwabonwa izindiza eziqhumisa amabhomu eyodwa kanye nezindiza zokuhlola. Phakathi kuka-9:00 no-11:00 kugasele amagagasi aqhamuka ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindiza ezingaphezu kuka-20 zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zazisemoyeni. Ukuhlasela kwasekuseni kudale ukulahlekelwa okukhulu eRoyal Castle. Abasebenzi bezindiza bagwema ngobuhlakani umlilo ophikisana nendiza, ngokuvamile beshintsha izimo zendiza. Ukuhlasela okulandelayo kwenzeke ngabo-15:00. Ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kwasekuseni, kwadutshulwa izindiza ezi-3, emini - kwadutshulwa eyodwa kwathi eyodwa yalimala. Ukuqopha kuvinjwe izimo zezulu - ukuguqubala. Eqoqweni lamayunithi ezikhali, uColonel Baran wayala ukuthi kuhlelwe kabusha, kuqiniswe isembozo Sezihlungi Neziteshi Zokumpompa. Amayunithi ezikhali ayehlale eshiswa yizikhali ezingaphansi komhlaba, umfutho wawo owakhula ngesikhathi sokuhlasela komoya. Kushone amaphoyisa amabili, okuhlanganisa nomphathi webhethri oyedwa kanye no-1. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babulawa futhi balinyazwa ngesikhathi kusetshenziswa izibhamu nemishini. Ngenxa yomlilo wezikhali, isibhamu esisodwa se-1-mm semi-solid sabhujiswa ngokuphelele, futhi kwaqoshwa inani lokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwempahla yezempi.

"UMsombuluko Omanzi" - 25 Septhemba.

Umyalo waseJalimane wanquma ukuqalisa ukuhlasela kwezindiza okukhulu kanye nomlilo wezikhali osindayo edolobheni elivinjezelwe ukuze kuqedwe ukumelana kwabavikeli futhi babaphoqe ukuba bazinikele. Ukuhlasela kuqhubeke kusukela ngo-8:00 kuya ku-18:00. Ngalesi sikhathi, amayunithi e-Luftwaffe avela ku-Fl.Fhr.zbV anamandla aphelele acishe abe ngu-430 Ju 87, Hs 123, Do 17 kanye namabhomu e-Ju 52 enza ukuhlasela okuyisikhombisa - ama-root angu-1176 anezingxenye ezengeziwe. Izibalo zaseJalimane zehlise amathani angu-558 amabhomu, kuhlanganise namathani angu-486 eziqhumane eziphezulu kanye namathani angu-72 aqhumayo. Ukuhlasela kwakuhilela 47 Junkers Ju 52 ezokuthutha kusukela IV/KG.zbV2, lapho 102 amancane amabhomu incendiary kwawiswa. Amabhomu amboze i-Messerschmitts ye-I/JG 510 kanye ne-I/ZG 76. Ukuhlasela kwasemoyeni kwakuhambisana nokusekelwa kwezikhali ezinamandla ezinamandla.

Idolobha lasha ezindaweni ezingamakhulu. Ngenxa yentuthu enzima, okwavimbela ukulwa nezikhali zokulwa nezindiza, umkhuzi weqembu elithi "West", uColonel Dipl. U-M. Porvit uyalele ukulwa nezindiza zesitha ngezibhamu zemishini kukho konke ukuphonsa, ngaphandle kwezikhundla ezithuthukisiwe. Endabeni yokuhlasela endaweni ephansi, izikhali ezincane zazizoholwa amaqembu aqokiwe oshayasibhamu ngaphansi komyalo wamaphoyisa.

Ukuhlasela komoya kwakhubaza umsebenzi, kuhlanganise nendawo yokuphehla ugesi yedolobha ePowisla; ubungekho ugesi edolobheni kusukela ngo-15:00. Ngaphambidlana, ngo-September 16, umlilo wezikhali wabangela umlilo omkhulu ekamelweni lenjini yesikhungo samandla ashisayo, owacinywa ngosizo lomnyango womlilo. Ngaleso sikhathi, cishe abantu abangu-2000 babecashe ezindaweni zakhe zokukhosela, iningi labo okwakuyizakhamuzi ezihlala ezindlini eziseduze. Inhloso yesibili yokuhlasela okunonya kwalolu phiko kwakuyizimboni zamanzi kanye nendle zedolobha. Ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokuphakelwa kukagesi esikhungweni sikagesi, izakhiwo zama-hydraulic zanqanyulwa. Ngesikhathi sokuvinjezelwa, cishe amagobolondo ezikhali ezingama-600, amabhomu omoya angama-60 kanye namabhomu ashisayo angama-XNUMX awela kuzo zonke izikhungo zesikhungo samanzi sedolobha kanye nezindawo zokuthuthwa kwendle.

Izikhali zaseJalimane zacekela phansi idolobha ngomlilo oqhume kakhulu neziqhumane. Cishe zonke izindawo zokuma zazidutshulwa kuzo; izikhundla eziya phambili zahlupheka kancane. Ukulwa nezindiza zezitha bekunzima ngenxa yentuthu ebigcwele idolobha, ebelivutha ezindaweni eziningi. Cishe ngo-10 ekuseni iWarsaw yayisivele ivutha ezindaweni ezingaphezu kuka-300. Ngalolo suku oludabukisayo, kwakungafa abantu abaphakathi kuka-5 no-10. Warsaw, kwalimala izinkulungwane ezengeziwe.

Kubikwa ukuthi kwadutshulwa izindiza ezingu-13 ngosuku. Eqinisweni, ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kwezindiza zamaphekula, amaJalimane alahlekelwa yiJu 87 eyodwa kanye namaJu 52 amabili kumlilo wezikhali zasePoland (okusuka kuwo amabhomu amancane aqhumayo).

Ngenxa yalokhu kuqhuma kwamabhomu, izikhungo ezinkulu zedolobha zonakaliswe kabi - I-Power Plant, Izihlungi kanye nePumping Station. Lokhu kuphazamise ukuhlinzekwa kukagesi namanzi. Umuzi wawusha, futhi kwakungekho lutho lokucisha umlilo. Izikhali ezinzima kanye nokuqhuma kwamabhomu ngomhlaka-25 Septhemba kwasheshisa isinqumo sokunikela ngeWarsaw. Ngosuku olulandelayo, amaJalimane aqala ukuhlasela, okwanyanyiswa. Nokho, ngalo lolo suku, amalungu eKomiti Yomphakathi acela uJenene Rommel ukuba anikele ngedolobha.

Ngenxa yokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwedolobha, umkhuzi wamasosha "eWarsaw", uMajor General S.J. Rommel, wayala ukuba kuqedwe ngokuphelele ukudubulana amahora angama-24 kusukela ngo-12:00 ngoSepthemba 27. Umgomo walo kwakuwukuvumelana nomkhuzi we-8th Army Army ngezimo zokubuya kweWarsaw. Izingxoxo bekumele ziphothulwe zingama-29 kuMandulo. Isivumelwano sokunikezela siphothulwe mhla zingama-28 kuMandulo. Ngokwemibandela yayo, imashi yamasosha asePoland yayizoba ngoSepthemba 29 kusukela ngo-20 ebusuku. UMajor General von Cohenhausen. Kuze kube yilapho idolobha lithunjwa amaJalimane, leli dolobha lalizobuswa nguMongameli Starzhinsky noMkhandlu Wedolobha kanye nezikhungo ezingaphansi kwabo.

Isifinyezo

I-Warsaw ivikele kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-27 Septhemba. Idolobha kanye nezakhamuzi zalo lihlaselwe kanzima uchungechunge lwezindiza zokuhlasela kwezindiza kanye nezikhali, okuceke kakhulu kuzo kwakungumhla zingama-25 kuSepthemba. Abavikeli benhloko-dolobha, besebenzisa inkonzo yabo amandla amaningi nokuzidela, ngokuvamile abakhulu futhi abanobuqhawe, abafanelwe ukuhlonishwa okukhulu, abazange baphazamise ngempela izindiza zesitha ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwamabhomu kwedolobha.

Phakathi neminyaka yokuzivikela, inhloko-dolobha yayinabantu abayizigidi ezingu-1,2-1,25 futhi yaba yindawo yokuphephela yabantu abangaba yizinkulungwane eziyi-110. amasosha. 5031 97 izikhulu, 425 15 izikhulu okungagunyaziwe kanye ezizimele bawela ekuthunjweni German. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi baphakathi kuka-20 no-4 5 abantu abafa ezimpini zaleli dolobha. babulala izakhamuzi kanye namasosha awile angaba ngu-287-3672 - kuhlanganisa. Amaphoyisa angu-20 kanye namaphoyisa angathunywanga angu-16 kanye nabantu abazimele bangcwatshwe emathuneni asedolobheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amashumi ezinkulungwane zezakhamizi (cishe XNUMX XNUMX) kanye namasosha (cishe XNUMX XNUMX) alimala.

Ngokombiko womunye wabasebenzi abangaphansi komhlaba ababesebenza eNdlunkulu Yamaphoyisa ngo-1942, ngaphambi kuka-September 1, kwakukhona izakhiwo ezingu-18 eWarsaw, okuyi-495 2645 (14,3%) kuphela, izakhiwo ezinomonakalo (kusuka ekukhanyeni kuya kobunzima. ) azizange zonakaliswe ngesikhathi sabo sokuzivikela kwakuyi-13 847 (74,86%) futhi izakhiwo ze-2007 (10,85%) zabhujiswa ngokuphelele.

Isikhungo sedolobha sonakaliswe kabi. Isizinda sikagesi ePowisla sonakaliswe yisamba esingu-16%. Cishe zonke izakhiwo nezakhiwo zesikhungo sikagesi zonakaliswe ngezinga elithile. Ingqikithi yokulahlekelwa kwayo ilinganiselwa ku-PLN 19,5 million. Ukulahlekelwa okufanayo kutholwe amanzi edolobha kanye nepayipi lendle. Kube nomonakalo ongama-586 ohlelweni lokuphakelwa kwamanzi, kanye nama-270 kunethiwekhi yendle, ngaphezu kwalokho, amapayipi amanzi okuphuza angama-247 kanye nenani elikhulu lamapayipi ezindlu alimala ubude obungamamitha angama-624. Le nkampani ilahlekelwe ngabasebenzi abangama-20, abahlanu balimala kanzima. kwathi abangu-5 balimala kancane ngesikhathi kuliwa.

Ngaphezu kokulahlekelwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, isiko lesizwe lalahlekelwa kakhulu, kuhlanganisa. NgoSepthemba 17, iRoyal Castle namaqoqo ayo asha, ashiswa ngomlilo wezikhali. Ukulahlekelwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwedolobha kwalinganiselwa ngemva kwempi ngokwezibalo zika-prof. U-Marina Lalkiewicz, ngenani le-zloty eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3 (uma kuqhathaniswa, imali engenayo kanye nezindleko zesabelomali sombuso ngonyaka wezimali we-1938-39 zaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2,475 zama-zloty).

I-Luftwaffe ikwazile ukundiza phezu kweWarsaw futhi ilahle izimpahla ngaphandle "kwenkinga" enkulu kusukela emahoreni okuqala empi. Ngokwezinga elincane, lokhu kungavinjelwa abalwi be-brigade, futhi ngisho nangaphansi kwalokho ngezikhali ezilwa nezindiza. Okuwukuphela kobunzima bangempela obama endleleni yamaJalimane kwakuyisimo sezulu esibi.

Phakathi nezinsuku eziyisithupha zokulwa (ngoSepthemba 1-6), abashayeli bezindiza beqembu lokuphishekela babike ukuthi i-43 ibhujiswe nakanjani futhi i-9 cishe yabhujiswa futhi i-20 yalimaza izindiza ze-Luftwaffe ngesikhathi sokuvikela inhloko-dolobha. Ngokusho kwedatha yaseJalimane, impumelelo yangempela yamaPoles yaba ngaphansi kakhulu. Izindiza zaseJalimane ezimpini nebutho lokuphishekela zalahlekelwa phakade izinsuku eziyisithupha

Izindiza zokulwa eziyi-17-20 (bheka ithebula), eziyishumi nambili zathola umonakalo ongaphansi kuka-60% futhi zazilungiseka. Lona umphumela omuhle kakhulu, uma kubhekwa izinto ezindala kanye nezikhali ezibuthakathaka zamaPoles alwa nazo.

Ukulahlekelwa kwakhe kwakuphezulu kakhulu; Ibutho elijahayo lacishe laqedwa. Kusukela esimweni sokuqala, ama-fighters angama-54 alahlekile ezimpini (kanye nesengezo se-3 PZL-11 kuya ku-III / 1 Dyon), ama-fighters angu-34 athola umonakalo ongenakulungiseka futhi ashiywe (cishe ama-60%). Ingxenye yendiza eyayilimele empini yayingasindiswa uma kukhona ophephela abayisipele, amasondo, izingxenye zenjini, njll., futhi kunesisekelo sokulungisa nokuphuma. Ku-III / 1 Dönier, ama-Fighters angu-13 e-PZL-11 kanye noyedwa ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwesitha balahlekile ezimpini neLuftwaffe. Ngokulandelayo, i-IV / 1 Dyon ilahlekelwe yi-17 PZL-11 kanye ne-PZL-7a fighters nezinye ezintathu ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwesitha ezimpini neLuftwaffe. Ithimba labashushisi lalahlekelwa: abane babulawa kwathi oyedwa ulahlekile, kwathi abangu-10 balimala - balaliswa esibhedlela. NgoSepthemba 7, i-III/1 Dyon yayine-5 PZL-2s kanye ne-11 PZL-3s e-Kerzh eyayilungiswa endaweni yezindiza e-Kerzh 11 nase-Zaborov. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-IV/1 Dyon yayine-6 ​​PZL-11 kanye ne-4 PZL-7a esebenza enkundleni yezindiza yase-Belżyce, ne-3 ngaphezulu ye-PZL-11 elungiswayo.

Naphezu kokuqoqwa kwebutho elikhulu lezokuvikela enhloko-dolobha (izibhamu ezingu-92), izibhamu eziphikisana nezindiza ngesikhathi sokuqala sokuzivikela kuze kube ngu-September 6 azizange zibhubhise indiza yesitha esisodwa. Ngemva kokuhlehla kwebutho lokuphishekela nokuthunjwa kwezikhali ezingama-2/3 ezilwa nezindiza, isimo saseWarsaw saba sibi nakakhulu. Isitha sawuhaqa umuzi. Bekunezinsizakusebenza ezimbalwa kakhulu zokubhekana nendiza yakhe, futhi izibhamu eziningi zakamuva ezingama-75 mm zokulwa nendiza zabuyiselwa emuva. Cishe ezinsukwini eziyishumi nambili kamuva, amabhethri amane anenjini eno-10 40 mm wz. 36 Bofors. La mathuluzi, nokho, awakwazanga ukugcwalisa zonke izikhala. Ngosuku lokuzinikela, abavikeli babenezibhamu eziyi-12 75 mm zokulwa nendiza (okuhlanganisa 4 wz. 37St) kanye no-27 40 mm Bofors wz. 36 kanye wz. 38 (ama-platoons angu-14) kanye nezinkampani eziyisishiyagalombili zezibhamu ezinenani elincane lezinhlamvu. Ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kwezitha nokuqhunyiswa kwamagobolondo, abavikeli bacekele phansi amabhethri endiza angama-75-mm kanye nezibhamu ezimbili ezingama-2-mm. Ukulahlekelwa kwaba: kwabulawa izikhulu ezimbili, cishe ishumi nambili izikhulu ezingathunywanga kanye nezizimele zabulawa, kanye nedlanzana elimele abalimele.

Ekuvikeleni i-Warsaw, ngokocwaningo lomkhuzi we-gossip we-Warsaw Center, uColonel V. Aries, izindiza eziyisitha ezingu-103 kufanele zidutshulwe, lapho eziyisithupha (sic!) zifakwe ku-akhawunti ye-Chase brigade, kanye nama-97 adutshulwa ngezibhamu nezibhamu ezilwa nezindiza. Umkhuzi Wezempi YaseWarsaw waqoka iziphambano ezintathu ze-Virtuti Militari kanye neziphambano ezingama-25 ze-Valor ukuze zisakazwe ezikhungweni zokuvikela umoya. Eyokuqala yethulwe nguColonel Baran: uLieutenant Wiesław Kedziorsky (umkhuzi webhethri engu-75 mm St), uLieutenant Mikolay Dunin-Martsinkevich (umphathi weqembu le-40 mm) kanye noLieutenant Antony Yazvetsky (isigaba esingu-18 km).

Impumelelo yezibhamu zenhloko-dolobha ezisekelwe phansi ezilwa nezindiza zenziwa ihaba kakhulu, futhi abalwi babukelwa phansi ngokusobala. Kaningi, ukuphonswa kwabo kuye kwabika amahithi okungekho ubufakazi bangempela bokulahlekelwa izimbangi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela emibikweni yansuku zonke kaColonel S. Oven mayelana nempumelelo ayikwazi ukutholakala kule nombolo, umehluko usemkhulu kakhulu, okungaziwa ukuthi ungawuchaza kanjani.

Ngokubheka imibhalo yamaJalimane, alahlekelwa okungenani amabhomu ayisishiyagalombili, ama-fighters kanye nezindiza zokuqaphela phezu kweWarsaw kusuka emlilweni wokulwa nezindiza (bheka ithebula). Izimoto ezimbalwa ezengeziwe ezivela eziqenjini ezikude noma eziseduze zingashayiswa futhi zicekelwe phansi. Nokho, lokhu angeke kube ukulahlekelwa okukhulu (umugqa 1-3 izimoto?). Enye indiza yeshumi nambili ithole ukulimala kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene (ngaphansi kuka-60%). Uma kuqhathaniswa namashothi ashiwo angama-97, sinokulinganiselwa okuphindwe ka-12 okungaphezu kwamashothi okuvikela umoya.

Ngesikhathi sokuzivikela okusebenzayo kwe-anti-aircraft e-Warsaw ngo-1939, izindiza zokulwa kanye nezikhali ezilwa nezindiza zabhubhisa okungenani izindiza zokulwa ezingama-25-28, enye ishumi nambili yathola umonakalo ongaphansi kuka-60%, i.e. zazilungele ukulungiswa. Ngazo zonke izindiza zesitha ezirekhodiwe ezibhujisiwe - 106 noma ngisho ne-146-155 - kuncane okuzuziwe, futhi okuncane nje. Umoya omkhulu wokulwa nokuzinikela kwabaningi awukwazanga ukuvala ngokwanele igebe elikhulu endleleni yokuhlomisa abavikeli maqondana nendlela yesitha.

Bona izithombe namamephu kuhlelo oluphelele lwe-elekthronikhi >>