Amabhethri emoto kagesi: iyini impilo yesibili?

Ukugaywa kabusha nokusebenzisa kabusha amabhethri emoto kagesi kuyisici esibalulekile ekwehliseni umthelela wawo kwezemvelo kanye negalelo lawo ekushintsheni kwamandla. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kuyisibopho ukubuyisela ibhethri lemoto kagesi eselisetshenzisiwe kuchwepheshe (umnikazi wegalaji noma umdayisi wezingxenye zezimoto) ukuze libuyiselwe esiteshini esifanele sokugaywa kabusha.

Asetshenziswa kanjani kabusha amabhethri emoto kagesi?

Namuhla siyayazi indlela yokukhiqiza ugesi owanele ukuze usetshenziswe nsuku zonke. Siyazi futhi indlela yokuthutha ugesi, kodwa ukugcinwa kwamandla kuseyisihloko sengxoxo, ikakhulukazi ngokuthuthukiswa kwemithombo yamandla ahlanzekile, indawo kanye nesikhathi sokukhiqiza esingasilawuli ngempela.

Uma amabhethri e-EV elahlekelwa amandla ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi yokusetshenziswa ku-EV futhi edinga ukushintshwa, asenamandla athakazelisayo futhi angaqhubeka esetshenziselwa ezinye izinjongo. Sikholelwa ukuthi ngaphansi kuka-70% kuya ku-80% womthamo wawo, amabhethri awasasebenzi ngokwanele ukuba asetshenziswe emotweni kagesi.

Impilo yesibili yamabhethri emoto kagesi ngeNissan ne-Audi

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha ziyathuthuka futhi amathuba cishe awapheli. E-Amsterdam, i-Johan Cruijff Arena isebenzisa amabhethri e-Nissan Leaf angaba ngu-150. Lesi silungiselelo siyakuvumela gcina amandla akhiqizwa amaphaneli elanga angu-4200 afakwe ophahleni lwenkundla futhi anikeze kufika ku-2,8 MWh ngehora. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkampani ekhiqiza izimoto i-Audi isungule uhlelo lokushaja lokuzulazula ngamabhethri asetshenzisiwe asuka ezimotweni zikagesi ze-Audi e-tron. Isiqukathi sokushaja siqukethe cishe amabhethri asetshenzisiwe ayi-11. Bangakwazi ukunikela kuze Amaphuzu okushaja angu-20: 8 amandla aphezulu amashaja angu-150 kW namashaja angu-12 11 kW.

Amabhethri e-EV asetshenzisiwe aphinde asetshenziswe ezindlini zakho

Umthamo webhethri wezimoto zikagesi nawo ungaqondiswa kuwo ukusetshenziswa kwemizi ukuze bakhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwabo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla esimeme. Abakhiqizi abaningi sebevele bayakunikeza lokhu, njengeTesla (Powerwall), BMW, Nissan (xStorage), Renault (Powervault) noma iMercedes. Lawa mabhethri asendlini angakwazi, isibonelo, ukuvumela ukugcinwa kwamandla akhiqizwa ama-solar panel futhi aqinisekise ukuzimela okuphelele kwesistimu kagesi yangaphandle. Ngale ndlela, abantu banganciphisa izindleko zabo zamandla ngokwenza ukufakwa kwendawo yokucima umlilo kubize ngempumelelo. Amandla agciniwe angasetshenziswa emini noma ebusuku ukuze asetshenziswe nsuku zonke. Amandla agcinwe futhi akhiqizwa ama-solar panel nawo angathengiswa ohlelweni lukagesi uma engasetshenziswa.

KwaRenault, impilo yesibili yamabhethri abo ngokusebenzisa i-Powervault inganweba impilo yamabhethri emoto kagesi ngeminyaka emi-5-10.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi.

Ekupheleni kwempilo yabo yesevisi, amabhethri angaphinde asetshenziswe ezikhungweni zokuhlunga ezikhethekile. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iningi lamabhethri asakazwayo asekude nesiteji sokugaywa kabusha, uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwawo seluqalile futhi lwenza kube lula ukwelapha amabhethri angalungile noma amabhethri ahlaselwe yizingozi. Namuhla, cishe amathani ayi-15 amabhethri ezimoto zikagesi asetshenziswa kabusha ngonyaka. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngokukhula kwe-electromobility ngo-000, cishe amathani angu-2035 amabhethri kuzodingeka alahlwe.

Ngesikhathi sokugaywa kabusha, amabhethri achotshozwa ngaphambi kokufakwa kuhhavini ukuze buyisela izinto ezihlukahlukene ezingase ziphinde zisetshenziswe ekwenzeni eminye imikhiqizo. I-Directive 2006/66 / EC ithi okungenani ama-50% ezingxenye zebhethri kagesi angasetshenziswa kabusha. I-SNAM (Société Nouvelle d'Affinage des Métaux) ithi thina ikwazi ukuphinda igaye kabusha kufika ku-80% wamaseli ebhethri... Abakhiqizi bezimoto abaningi abanjengoPeugeot, Toyota noHonda nabo basebenzisana neSNAM ukuvuselela amabhethri abo.

Imboni yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha ziyakhula futhi sizothuthukisa amakhono ethu okusebenzisa kabusha eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.

Izindlela eziqhubekayo zokusebenzisa kabusha amabhethri kagesi

Umkhakha wokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri empeleni usuvele waba yisihloko senqubekelaphambili ebalulekile yezobuchwepheshe: inkampani yaseJalimane i-Duesenfeld ithuthukise indlela "ebandayo" yokugaywa kabusha esikhundleni sokushisisa amabhethri kumazinga okushisa aphezulu. Le nqubo ikuvumela ukuthi udle amandla angaphansi kuka-70% futhi ngenxa yalokho ukhiphe amagesi abamba ukushisa amancane. Le ndlela izophinde ithole u-85% wezinto ezisetshenziswa kumabhethri amasha!

Izindlela ezintsha eziqanjiwe kulo mkhakha zihlanganisa iphrojekthi ye-ReLieVe (ukusebenzisa kabusha amabhethri e-lithium-ion ezimotweni zikagesi). Yethulwe ngoJanuwari 2020 futhi yathuthukiswa ngabakwa-Suez, Eramet kanye ne-BASF, le phrojekthi ihlose ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokuvuselela kabusha yamabhethri e-lithium-ion asetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi. Umgomo wabo uwukusebenzisa kabusha u-100% wamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi ngo-2025.

Uma izimoto zikagesi ngezinye izikhathi zigqama ngenxa yokuthi amabhethri azo angcolisa imvelo, ukugaywa kwazo kabusha kuba ngokoqobo. Ngokungangabazeki, asekhona amathuba amaningi angakahlolwa wokusetshenziswa kabusha kwalokhu okuzovumela imoto kagesi ukuthi idlale indima ebalulekile ekuguqukeni kwemvelo kuwo wonke umjikelezo wayo wokuphila.