Izikhumulo zezindiza zomhlaba wonke zango-2021
Isikhumulo sezindiza esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yiHong Kong, esiphethe amathani ayizigidi ezi-5,02 (+12,5%). Kukhona abathwali bempahla abangu-44 abahamba njalo, abakhulu kunabo bonke iCathay Pacific Cargo neCargolux. Isithombe yi-Hong Kong Airport.
Ngonyaka wezinhlekelele ka-2021, izikhumulo zezindiza zomhlaba zanikeza abagibeli abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4,42 kanye namathani ayizigidi ezingu-124 wempahla, futhi izindiza zokuxhumana zenze imisebenzi yokusuka nokuhlalisa izigidi ezingu-69. Ngokuphathelene nonyaka odlule, umthamo wezokuthutha emoyeni ukhuphuke ngo-31,5%, 14% no-12%, ngokulandelana. Amachweba amakhulu abagibeli: i-Atlanta (abagibeli abayizigidi ezingu-75,7), i-Dallas/Fort Worth (abagibeli abayizigidi ezingu-62,5), iDenver, iChicago, i-O'Hare ne-Los Angeles Cargo ports: i-Hong Kong (i-5,02 million amathani), i-Memphis, i-Shanghai. , Anchorage and Seoul. Amachweba ayishumi aphezulu anemisebenzi eminingi eyenziwayo ase-United States, lapho i-Atlanta (Opera 708), i-Chicago O'Hare ne-Dallas/Fort Worth isesiteji.
Imakethe yezokuthutha ngomoya ingomunye wemikhakha emikhulu yomnotho womhlaba. Iqinisa ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuhwebelana futhi iyisici esinikeza amandla ekuthuthukisweni kwayo. Izikhumulo zezindiza zokuxhumana kanye nezikhumulo zezindiza ezisebenza kuzo ziyisici esibalulekile emakethe. Itholakala ikakhulukazi eduze kwama-agglomerations asemadolobheni, futhi ngenxa yezindawo ezinkulu ezihlala abantu kanye nokuvikeleka komsindo, imvamisa itholakala kude kakhulu nezikhungo zazo. Kunezikhumulo zezindiza zokuxhumana ezingu-2500 emhlabeni wonke, kusukela kwesikhulu kunazo zonke, lapho izindiza zenza imisebenzi engamakhulu amaningana ngosuku, kuya kwencane kunazo zonke, lapho zenziwa khona ngezikhathi ezithile. Ingqalasizinda yabo iyahlukahluka futhi ijwayele usayizi wethrafikhi abawuphethe. Ngokwezici zokusebenza nezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenzeka kokusevisa izinhlobo ezithile zezindiza, izikhumulo zezindiza zihlukaniswa ngokuvumelana nesistimu yamakhodi okubhekisela. Iqukethe inombolo kanye nohlamvu, lapho izinombolo zakho kusukela ku-1 kuya ku-4 zimelela ubude bomzila wezindiza, futhi izinhlamvu ezisuka ku-A ukuya ku-F zinquma imingcele yezobuchwepheshe yendiza.
Inhlangano ehlanganisa izikhumulo zezindiza emhlabeni yi-Airports Council International ACI, eyasungulwa ngo-1991. Imele izintshisekelo zabo ezingxoxweni nasezingxoxweni nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, izinsizakalo zezindiza nabathwali, futhi iphinde ithuthukise amazinga esevisi yechweba. NgoJanuwari 2022, ama-opharetha angama-717 ajoyine i-ACI, asebenzisa izikhumulo zezindiza eziyi-1950 emazweni ayi-185. I-95% yethrafikhi yomhlaba yenzeka lapho, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubheka izibalo zale nhlangano njengommeleli wazo zonke izindlela zokuxhumana zezindiza. Ikomkhulu le-ACI World lizinze eMontreal futhi lisekelwa amakomiti akhethekile namabutho asebenzayo futhi linamahhovisi ezifunda ezinhlanu: i-ACI North America (Washington); ACI Europe (Brussels); I-ACI-Asia/Pacific (Hong Kong); I-ACI-Africa (Casablanca) kanye ne-ACI-South America/Caribbean (Panama City).
Izibalo zokuhamba ngendiza zango-2021
Izibalo ze-ACI zikhombisa ukuthi ngonyaka owedlule, izikhumulo zezindiza zomhlaba wonke zisebenzele abagibeli abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-4,42, okuyizigidigidi eziyi-1,06 ngaphezu konyaka owedlule, kodwa zingaphansi kwezigidigidi ezingama-4,73 kunangaphambi kobhubhane lwango-2019 (-52%). Uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, ukuthuthwa kwempahla kukhuphuke ngo-31,5%, nokuguquguquka okukhulu kakhulu okurekhodiwe emachwebeni aseNyakatho Melika (71%) naseNingizimu Melika. (52%). Ezimakethe ezimbili ezinkulu zaseYurophu nase-Asia, ukuhamba kwabagibeli kukhuphuke ngo-38% no-0,8%, ngokulandelana. Ngokwezibalo, inani elikhulu labagibeli lafika emachwebeni aseNyakatho Melika (+560 million abagibeli) kanye ne-Europe (+280 million). Izinguquko esimweni sobhubhane emazweni ngamanye zibe nomthelela omkhulu emiphumeleni yangonyaka odlule. Izindawo eziningi zokuhamba ngendiza bezingaphansi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuvinjelwa, noma ukundizela ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezithile kwakuhlotshaniswa nobunzima, njengokuthi uvalelwe yedwa noma uhlolwe ukuthi awunayo i-Covid-19.
Ngekota yokuqala, umsebenzi wezikhumulo zezindiza wagubuzelwa ngokuphelele yimikhawulo eqinile ye-covid. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuMashi, bangu-753 million abagibeli abahlinzekiwe, okusho ukwehla ngemizila efinyelela ezigidini ezingama-839 uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule. (-53%). Kusukela engxenyeni yesibili, ezokuthutha ngendiza zaqala ukululama kancane, futhi lesi sikhathi saphela ngabagibeli abayizigidi eziyi-1030 (ama-23% womphumela wonyaka). Lokhu ukwenyuka okuphindwe kane uma kuqhathaniswa nomphumela wekota ka-2020 (abagibeli abayizigidi ezingama-251).
Ngekota yesithathu, izikhumulo zezindiza zinikeze abagibeli abayizigidi eziyi-1347 (30,5% yomphumela wonyaka), okuwukunyuka ngo-83% uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo sonyaka odlule. Ukwenyuka okukhulu kwekota kwethrafikhi yezimpahla kuqoshwe emachwebeni aseNyakatho Melika (159%), eYurophu (102%) naseNingizimu Melika. Ngekota yesine, amachweba aphethe izindiza eziyizigidi ezingama-1291. (29% womphumela wonyaka), kanye nokuhamba ngendiza emazweni ngamanye kuncike emigomeni yokuvakasha ebekiwe. Amachweba aseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika aqophe izinga lokukhula elikhulu kakhulu ngekota lika-172% (-128%), kanti amachweba ase-Asia nasePacific Islands (-6%) alahlekelwe.
Esilinganisweni sawo wonke u-2021, izikhumulo zezindiza eziningi ziqophe ukwanda kokuhamba kwezindiza ezingeni lama-20% laya ku-40%. Ngokwezibalo, inani elikhulu kunawo wonke labagibeli lifike ezindaweni ezinkulu zokudlulisa zaseMelika: Atlanta (+pass. +33 million), Denver (+25 million abagibeli), Dallas/Fort Worth (+23 million abagibeli), Chicago, Los Angeles , Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Orlando neLas Vegas, inqabile e: London Gatwick (-3,9 million people), Guangzhou (-3,5 million people), London Heathrow Airport (-2,7 million people) ), Beijing Capital (-2 million people) . .), Shenzhen kanye London Stansted. Kula machweba angenhla, ichweba lase-Orlando liqophe ukukhula okuphezulu kakhulu (abagibeli abayizigidi ezingama-40,3, ukukhula okungama-86,7%), okukhuphuke kusuka endaweni yama-27 (ngo-2020) kuya endaweni yesikhombisa.
Ichweba elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni ngokwenani labagibeli bamazwe ngamazwe yiDubai, ekhonze abantu abayizigidi ezingama-29,1 (+12,7%). Isikhumulo sezindiza sisetshenziswa abathwali abangu-98, abakhulu kunabo bonke okuyi-Emirates Airline kanye ne-FlyDubai.
Ubhubhane lwe-Covid-19 aluzange lube nomthelela omubi ekuthuthweni kwempahla. Ngo-2021, amachweba aphatha amathani ayizigidi eziyi-124 wezimpahla, i.e. amathani ayizigidi ezingu-15 ngaphezu konyaka odlule (+14%), ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwanda kokuthengiswa kwezimpahla zabathengi ku-inthanethi, kanye nokwanda kwesidingo sokuthuthwa emoyeni kwempahla yezokwelapha. imikhiqizo, okuhlanganisa nemithi yokugoma. Izikhumulo zemikhumbi ezithwala impahla eziyishumi ezinkulukazi ziphethe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-31,5 (ama-25% wethrafikhi yempahla emhlabeni), okurekhoda izinga lokukhula elingu-12%. Phakathi kwamachweba amakhulu, i-Tokyo Narita (31%), i-Los Angeles (20,7%) ne-Doha iqophe amandla amakhulu kakhulu, kuyilapho i-Memphis ibe nokwehla (-2,9%).
Izikhumulo zezindiza zasingatha ukusuka nokuhlaliswa kwezigidi ezingu-69 ngonyaka odlule, okukhuphuke ngo-12% kunonyaka odlule. Amachweba ayishumi amatasatasa, amele u-8% wethrafikhi yomhlaba wonke (ukusebenza kwezigidi ezingu-5,3), aqophe ukukhula ngo-34%, kodwa lokhu kungaphansi ngo-16% kunalokho okwakuyikho ngaphambi kobhubhane lwango-2019), iLas Vegas (54%), iHouston ( amashumi amahlanu ekhulwini. ). %), eLos Angeles naseDenver. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokwezibalo, inani elikhulu kakhulu lemisebenzi labhalwa kumachweba alandelayo: i-Atlanta (+50 41), Chicago (+160 izinkulungwane), i-Denver ne-Dallas/Fort Worth.
Izibalo zethrafikhi yabagibeli echwebeni le-ACI World zibonisa ukuvuselelwa kwezikhumulo zezindiza ezinkulu kanye nokubuyela kwazo phezulu kwamazinga. Nakuba sikuqaphile ngokusimama kwesikhathi eside, izinhlelo zokuqhubeka nokuvula izimakethe zezindiza zingaholela ekukhuleni okuqinile kusukela engxenyeni yesibili ka-2022. I-ACI World iyaqhubeka nokunxusa ohulumeni ukuthi baqaphe imakethe yezohambo lwezindiza futhi baqhubeke bedambisa imikhawulo yokuhamba. Lokhu kuzoba nomthelela ekusimameni komnotho womhlaba ngenxa yeqhaza eliyingqayizivele lendiza ekuthuthukisweni: ezohwebo, ezokuvakasha, ukutshalwa kwezimali nokudalwa kwamathuba emisebenzi,” kusho uLuis Felipe de Oliveira, uMqondisi Jikelele we-ACI, efingqa ukusebenza kwangonyaka odlule kwezikhumulo zezindiza zomhlaba.
