U-Adolf Andersen ungumpetha womhlaba ongekho emthethweni ovela eWroclaw.
Okuqukethwe
U-Adolf Andersen wayengumdlali we-chess waseJalimane ovelele kanye nomgembuli onenkinga. Ngo-1851, wawina umqhudelwano wamazwe omhlaba wokuqala owake waba mkhulu eLondon, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kwaze kwaba ngu-1958 wayevame ukuqashelwa njengomdlali we-chess onamandla kunabo bonke emhlabeni emhlabeni we-chess. Wehlela emlandweni njengommeleli ophawulekayo wesikole sezinhlanganisela, umkhuba wothando ku-chess. Imidlalo yakhe emikhulu - ethi "Immortal" no-Kizeritsky (1851) kanye ne-"Evergreen" no-Dufresne (1852) yahlukaniswa ngobuchule babo bokuhlasela, isu elibona kude kanye nokusebenzisa okunembe kwenhlanganisela.
Umdlali we-chess waseJalimane Adolf Anderssen wayehlotshaniswa noWrocław kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe (1). Wazalelwa lapho (Julayi 6, 1818), wafunda futhi wafa (March 13, 1879). U-Andersen wafunda izibalo nefilosofi eNyuvesi yaseWroclaw. Ngemva kokuphothula isikole, waqala ukusebenza endaweni yokuvivinya umzimba, okokuqala engumfundisi wabe eseba uprofesa wezibalo nesiJalimane.
Imithetho ye-chess wayifunda kuyise eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, futhi ekuqaleni wayengenalo ikhono layo. Waba nesithakazelo emhlabeni we-chess ngo-1842 lapho eqala ukuhlanganisa nokushicilela izinkinga ze-chess. Ngo-1846 waqashwa njengomshicileli womagazini owawusanda kwakhiwa i- Schachzeitung, kamuva owaziwa ngokuthi i-Deutsche Schachzeitung (Iphephandaba laseJalimane le-Chess).
Ngo-1848, u-Andersen ngokungalindelekile wadweba noDaniel Harrwitz, ngaleso sikhathi owayengumpetha owaziwayo wokudlala ngokushesha. Le mpumelelo kanye nomsebenzi ka-Andersen njengentatheli yechess kwaba nesandla ekuqokweni kwakhe ukumela iJalimane emqhudelwaneni wokuqala omkhulu we-chess wamazwe ngamazwe ngo-1851 eLondon. U-Anderssen wabe esemangaza i-chess elite ngokushaya kahle bonke ababemelene naye.
iphathi engafi
Phakathi nalo mqhudelwano, wadlala umdlalo wokunqoba ebhekene no-Lionel Kieseritzky, lapho anikela khona kuqala ngombhishobhi, kwalandela ama-rooks amabili, futhi ekugcineni indlovukazi. Lo mdlalo, nakuba udlalwa njengomdlalo wobungani ngesikhathi sekhefu endaweni yokudlela yase-London, ungomunye wemidlalo edume kakhulu emlandweni we-chess futhi ubizwa ngokuthi awufi.
2. U-Lionel Kizeritsky - Umphikisi ka-Andersen emdlalweni wokungafi
Imbangi ka-Andersen - Lionel Kieseritsky (2) wachitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe eFrance. Wayeyisivakashi esivamile eCafé de la Régence edumile eParis, lapho ayefundisa khona izifundo ze-chess futhi evame ukudlala izinkundla (wayenika abaphikisi ithuba elihle, njenge-pawn noma ucezu ekuqaleni komdlalo).
Lo mdlalo ubudlalelwa eLondon ngesikhathi sekhefu kulo mqhudelwano. Umagazini we-chess waseFrance i-A Régence wayishicilela ngo-1851, kwathi u-Ernst Falkbeer wase-Austria (umhleli oyinhloko we-Wiener Schachzeitung) wabiza lo mdlalo ngokuthi "okungafi" ngo-1855.
I-Immortal Party iyisibonelo esiphelele sesitayela sokudlala esabusa ekhulwini leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, lapho kwakukholelwa ukuthi ukunqoba kwakunqunywa ngokuyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo nokuhlasela. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-gambit kanye ne-counter-gambit zazidumile, futhi inzuzo yezinto ezibonakalayo yayinikezwa ukubaluleka okuncane. Kulo mdlalo, u-White unikele ngendlovukazi, ama-rooks amabili, umbhishobhi kanye ne-pawn ukuze abeke umlingani omuhle onezicucu ezimhlophe ekuhambeni okungu-23.
U-Adolf Andersen - Lionel Kieseritzky, London, 21.06.1851/XNUMX/XNUMX
1.e4 e5 2.f4 I-King's Gambit, edume kakhulu ekhulwini le-XNUMX, ayisadumile manje ngoba izinzuzo zesikhundla sikaMhlophe azikunxesheli ngokugcwele ngomhlatshelo we-pawn.
2…e:f4 3.Bc4 Qh4+ Emhlophe ilahlekelwa i-casting, kodwa indlovukazi Emnyama ingahlaselwa kalula. 4.Kf1 b5 5.B:b5 Nf6 6.Nf3 Qh6 7.d3 Nq5 8.Sh4 Qg5 9.Nf5 c6 Bekungaba ngcono ukudlala u-9…g6 ukuxosha umzuli oyingozi kaMhlophe. 10.g4 Nf6 11.G1 c:b5?
Umnyama uzuza inzuzo yezinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa ulahlekelwa isikhundla sakhe. Bekungcono u-11…h5 12.h4 Hg6 13.h5 Hg5 14.Qf3 Ng8 15.G:f4 Qf6 16.Sc3 Bc5 17.Sd5 H:b2 (umdwebo 3) 18.Bd6? U-Andersen unikela ngemibhoshongo yomibili! Okumhlophe kunenzuzo enkulu yesikhundla, engabonakala ngezindlela ezahlukene, isibonelo, ngokudlala i-18.E1, 18.Ge3, 18.d4, 18.Ed1. 18… G: g1?
3. U-Adolf Andersen - Lionel Kieseritzky, isikhundla ngemva kuka-17... R: b2
Isinqumo esingalungile, bekufanele ngabe sidlale 18… Q: a1 + 19. Ke2 Qb2 20. Kd2 G: g1. 19. e5!
Ukungcweliswa kombhoshongo wesibili. I-e5-pawn inqamula indlovukazi emnyama esivikelweni senkosi futhi manje isongela 20S: g7+Kd8 21.Bc7#. 19… R: a1 + 20.Ke2 Sa6? (Umdwebo 4) Iqhawe elimnyama lizivikela ku-21 Sc7+, lihlasela inkosi no-rook, kanye nokuthuthela kombhishobhi ku-c7.
4. Adolf Andersen - Lionel Kieseritzky, isikhundla 20 ... Sa6
Nokho, uMhlophe unokuhlasela okukodwa okuwujuqu. Bekufanele ngidlale 20… Ga6. 21.S: g7+ Kd8 22.Hf6+.
Umlungu naye unikela ngendlovukazi. 22… B: f6 23. Be7 # 1-0.
5. Adolf Andersen - Paul Morphy, Paris, 1858, umthombo:
Kusukela lapho, u-Anderssen uthathwa njengomdlali we-chess onamandla kunabo bonke emhlabeni. NgoDisemba 1858, umdlali we-chess waseJalimane waya eParis ukuze ahlangane nalabo abafika eYurophu. UPaul Morphy (ezinhlanu). Umdlali we-chess waseMelika ohlakaniphile ushaye u-Andersen ngokushelela (+5 -7 = 2).
U-Anderssen uqale kathathu nge-1.a3 engajwayelekile esiwombeni sesibili somdlalo, kamuva owabizwa ngokuthi ukuvulwa kuka-Andersen. Lokhu kuvulwa akuzange kulethe impumelelo ephawulekayo kubadlali abamhlophe (1,5-1,5) futhi kwakungavamile ukusetshenziswa kamuva emidlalweni enzima, njengoba ingafaki isandla ekuthuthukiseni izingcezu nokulawula isikhungo. Izimpendulo ezijwayelekile zoMnyama zihlanganisa u-1...d5, ohlasela ngokuqondile isikhungo, kanye no-1...g6, okulungiselelwa i-fianchetto, ehlanganisa ukusebenzisa indlovukazi emhlophe evele ibuthakathaka.
Ku-Morphy, lona bekuwumdlalo obaluleke kakhulu, owathathwa abaningi njengomdlalo womqhudelwano womhlaba ongekho emthethweni. Ngemva kwalokhu kunqotshwa, u-Anderssen wahlala emthunzini we-American chess player iminyaka emithathu. Wabuyela emdlalweni osebenzayo ngo-1861, wawina umqhudelwano wokuqala wamazwe ngamazwe we-round-robin chess eLondon. Wabe esewina imidlalo eyishumi nambili kweyishumi nantathu, kwathi enkundleni ayiwinile washiya, phakathi kokunye, umpetha womhlaba wakamuva uWilhelm Steinitz.
Ngo-1865, u-Andersen wathola isihloko esiphezulu semfundo - isihloko sikadokotela se-hononis causa esivela eNyuvesi yaseWroclaw, esanikezwa sona ngesinyathelo se-Faculty of Philosophy yakhe. Lokhu kwenzeke ngesikhathi kugujwa iminyaka eyi-100 ye-Gymnasium. Frederik eWroclaw, lapho u-Andersen asebenza khona njengothisha waseJalimane, izibalo kanye ne-physics kusukela ngo-1847.
6. U-Adolf Andersen e-chessboard, e-Wroclaw, ngo-1863,
umthombo:
U-Andersen uthole impumelelo enkulu yomqhudelwano kwabadala, kubadlali abahamba phambili be-chess, iminyaka (iminyaka eyi-6). Uqede uchungechunge lwemiqhudelwano eyaphumelela kakhulu ngeminyaka yawo-1870 ngokunqoba emqhudelwaneni owawunenani elikhulu kakhulu lababambe iqhaza eBaden-Baden ngo-XNUMX, lapho yena, phakathi kwezinye izinto, adlula khona uMpetha Womhlaba uSteinitz.
Ngo-1877, ngemva komqhudelwano eLeipzig, lapho aqeda khona isibili, u-Andersen wahoxa kulo mqhudelwano ngenxa yezizathu zempilo. Washonela eWrocław eminyakeni emibili kamuva ngenxa yesifo esibi senhliziyo, ngo-March 13, 1879. Wangcwatshwa emathuneni omphakathi we-Evangelical Reformed (Alter Fridhof der Reformierten Gemeinde). Itshe lethuna lasinda empini futhi ekuqaleni kwawo-60, ngenxa yemizamo ye-Lower Silesian Chess Society, lasuswa emathuneni okwakuhloswe ukuthi liqedwe liye e-Alley of the Merited emathuneni ase-Osobowice e-Wrocław (7). Ngo-2003, kwabekwa uqwembe etsheni, okukhumbula izimfanelo ezinhle zika-Andersen.
7. Ithuna lika-Andersen ku-Alley of the Meritors emathuneni ase-Osobowice e-Wroclaw, umthombo:
Kusukela ngo-1992, umqhudelwano we-chess onikezelwe inkumbulo yalo mdlali ovelele we-chess waseJalimane ubanjelwe eWroclaw. I-Adolf Anderssen International Chess Festival yalo nyaka ihlelelwe uJulayi 31.07-8.08.2021, XNUMX - imininingwane mayelana noMkhosi iyatholakala kuwebhusayithi.
Anderssen Gambit
U-Adolf Andersen uphinde wadlala 2…b5?! ekuqaleni kombhishobhi. Le gambit okwamanje ayidumile emidlalweni yomqhudelwano we-chess wakudala, njengoba uMnyamana akakutholi ukulingana okwanele kwe-pawn enikelwe. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ku-blitz lapho Okumnyama kungamangaza ophikisana naye ongazimisele.
8. Iphepha lePhilatelic elakhishwa ngesikhathi seminyaka engama-200 yokuzalwa kuka-Adolf Andersen.
Nasi isibonelo se-romantic chess edlalwa u-Adolf Andersen odumile.
August Mongredien - Adolf Andersen, London, 1851
1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 b5 3.G: b5 c6 4.Ga4 Bc5 5.Bb3 Nf6 6.Sc3 d5 7.e: d5 OO 8.h3 c: d5 9.d3 Sc6 10.Sge2 d4 11.Se4 S : e4 12.d: e4 Kh8 13.Sg3 f5 14.e: f5 G: f5 15.S: f5 W: f5 16.Hg4 Bb4 + (umdwebo 9) 17.Kf1? Kwakudingeka ukuvikela inkosi ngokushesha ngokudlala 17.c3 d:c3 18.OO c:b2 19.G:b2 nendawo elinganayo. 17… Qf6 18.f3 e4 19.Ke2? Lokhu kuholela ekulahlekelweni okusheshayo, uMhlophe angavikela isikhathi eside ngemva kuka-19.H: e4 Re5 20.Qg4. 19…e:f3+20g:f3 Re8+21.Kf2 N5 kanye noMhlophe basulile.
9. August Montgredien - Adolf Andersen, London 1851, isikhundla ngemva kuka-16… G: b4 +
Isikhwama
Ngo-1852, umpetha we-chess wamaNgisi u-Howard Staunton waphakamisa ukusebenzisa ingilazi yehora ukukala isikhathi phakathi nomdlalo. I-hourglass yemidlalo ye-timing chess yaqala ukusetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1861 emdlalweni phakathi Adolf Anderssen a Ignatius Kolishsky (10).
Umdlali ngamunye ubenamahora ama-2 okwenza iminyakazo engama-24. Idivayisi ibiqukethe izibuko zehora ezimbili eziphendukayo. Lapho omunye wabadlali enza umnyakazo wakhe, wamisa i-hourglass yakhe endaweni evundlile, futhi omelene naye endaweni eqondile. Eminyakeni eyalandela, i-hourglass yayisetshenziswa kakhulu emidlalweni ye-chess. Ngo-1866, phakathi nomdlalo phakathi kuka-Adolf Andersen noWilhelm Steinitz, kwasetshenziswa amawashi amabili avamile, aqala aphinde ame ngemva komnyakazo. Emqhudelwaneni owawuse-Baden-Baden ngo-1870, izitha zazidlala ngesivinini esingu-20 ngehora ngokukhetha izibuko zehora kanye namawashi e-chess.
10. Isethi yezibuko zehora ezimbili ezijikelezayo zokulinganisa isikhathi emidlalweni ye-chess,
umthombo:
Kokubili i-hourglass kanye nendlela yewashi ehlukene yasetshenziswa kabanzi kwaze kwaba ngu-1883 lapho kwathathelwa indawo iwashi le-chess.
Chess alfabhethi
Ngo-1852 u-Andersen wadlala umdlalo odumile ngokumelene noJean Dufresne eBerlin. Nakuba bekuwumdlalo wobungani kuphela, umpetha wokuqala we-chess osemthethweni emhlabeni uWilhelm Steinitz wawubiza ngokuthi “evergreen in Andersen’s laurel wreath” futhi leli gama laba yinsakavukela.
Evergreen umdlalo
Umphikisi ka-Andersen kulo mdlalo nguJean Dufresne, omunye wabadlali be-Berlin chess abaqine kakhulu, umbhali wezincwadi ze-chess, ummeli ngokomsebenzi, intatheli ngokomsebenzi. U-Dufresne wabuyisela u-Anderssen ngokuhlulwa umdlalo ohlale uluhlaza ngokuwina umdlalo ongekho emthethweni ngokumelene naye ngo-1868. Ngo-1881 uDufresne washicilela incwadi ye-chess: Kleines Lehrbuch des Schachspiels (I-Mini Chess Handbook), okwathi ngemva kokunezelwa okwalandela yashicilelwa ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi Lehrbuch des Schachspiels (13). Incwadi yayithandwa kakhulu futhi isaqhubeka.
13. UJean Dufresne nencwadi yakhe edumile ye-chess ethi Lehrbuch des Schachspiels,
umthombo:
Nansi enye yemidlalo emihle kakhulu emlandweni we-chess.
U-Adolf Andersen - uJean Dufresne
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.b4 (umdwebo 14) U-Andersen ukhetha u-Evans Gambit emdlalweni wase-Italy - ukuvulwa okudume kakhulu ngekhulu le-1826. Igama le-gambit livela egameni lomdlali we-chess waseWales uWilliam Evans, owaba ngowokuqala ukwethula ukuhlaziya kwakhe. Ku-4, u-Evans usebenzise le gambithi emdlalweni owinile ebhekene nomdlali we-chess waseBrithani omkhulu kakhulu, u-Alexander McDonnell. Umhlophe udela i-b-pawn ukuze azuze inzuzo ekuthuthukisweni kweziqephu futhi akhe isikhungo esiqinile. 4… G: b5 3.c5 Ga6 4.d4 e: d7 3.OO d8 3.Qb6 Qf9 5.e15 (umdwebo 9) 6… Qg5 Omnyama akakwazi ukuthatha i-pawn ngo-e9, kusukela ngemva kuka-5… N: e10 1 . Re6 d11 4.Qa10 + White uthola umbhishobhi omnyama. 1.Re7 Sge11 3.Ga16 (Umdwebo 11) Ababhishobhi abamhlophe ababhekene nenkosi emnyama bayindlela evamile yeqhinga ku-Evans Gambit 5... bXNUMX? Umnyama unikeza ngokungadingekile ucezu, uhlela ukwenza umbhoshongo usebenze.
14. Adolf Andersen - Jean Dufresne, isikhundla ngemva 4.b4
15. U-Adolf Andersen - uJean Dufresne, isikhundla ngemva kuka-9.e5
16. Adolf Andersen – Jean Dufresne, isikhundla ngemva 11. Ga3
Kwakudingeka ukudlala i-11.OO ukuvikela inkosi ekuhlaselweni komphikisi 12.H: b5 Rb8 13.Qa4 Bb6 14.Sbd2 Bb7 15.Se4 Qf5? Iphutha likaBlack wukuthi usamosha isikhathi esikhundleni sokuvikela inkosi. 16.G: d3 Hh5 17.Sf6+? Esikhundleni sokudela iqhawe, umuntu bekufanele adlale i-17.Ng3 Qh6 18th Wad1 enenzuzo enkulu nezinsongo eziningi, njenge-Gc1 17… g:f6 18.e:f6 Rg8 19.Wad1 (umdwebo 17) 19… Q: f3 ? Lokhu kuholela ekuhlulweni kwabamnyama. Bekungcono ukudlala 19…Qh3, 19…Wg4 noma 19…Bd4. 20.B: e7+! Ukuqala kwenye yezinhlanganisela ezidume kakhulu emlandweni we-chess. 20… R: e7 (umdwebo 18) 21.Q: d7+! K: d7 22.Bf5 ++ Hlola kabili ukuphoqa inkosi ukuthi inyakaze. 22… Ke8 (Uma 22… Kc6 ilingana no-23.Bd7#) 23.Bd7+Kf8 24.G: e7# 1-0.
17. Adolf Andersen - Jean Dufresne, isikhundla ngemva kwe-19. Wad1
18. U-Adolf Andersen - uJean Dufresne, isikhundla ngemva kwama-20... N: e7
