6 imikhonyovu enobuqili emlandweni we-motorsport

Umufi u-Ayrton Senna waphawula kufanele ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi "ophume isibili ungowokuqala phakathi kwabahluliwe." Ompetha beqiniso bazokwenza noma yini ukuze babe ngowokuqala, ngisho noma bezama ukugoba imithetho ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abahleli bomncintiswano balungele ukushintsha ngokungapheli imithetho futhi bethule emisha - ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwenza isiqalo siphephe, futhi ngakolunye, ukuvimbela umjaho omude futhi oyisicefe. Kulo mdlalo oqhubekayo wekati negundane, ngezinye izikhathi bathola izixazululo ezihlakaniphile. Naba abakhohlisi abayisithupha abakhulu emlandweni we-motorsport, abakhethwe ngesandla yi-R&T.

IToyota kwi-World Rally Championship ka-1995

Kwaphela iminyaka emithathu ilandelana, kusuka ngo-1992 kuya ku-1994, iToyota Celica Turbo ibiphethe i-WRC, yanqoba isicoco esisodwa ngasinye ngoCarlos Sainz, Juha Cancunen noDidier Oriol. Ku-1995, abagqugquzeli bangenelela ngokuqinile futhi bethula okuyisibopho "kwezingcwecwe" zokunciphisa ukuhamba komoya okuya kwi-turbocharger, ngokusho kwamandla, ngokusho kwejubane nobungozi.

Kepha onjiniyela beToyota Team Europe bathola indlela ehlakaniphile yokuthola lo mthetho, bedlula umgoqo ovimbela kakhulu. Ukuqamba okungako, empeleni, ukuthi abahloli bababamba kuphela emjahweni wokugcina wesizini ka-1995.

IToyota isebenzise ipuleti elidingwa yimithethonqubo, yalifaka kuphela eziphethwini eziqondile. Bayiphusha cishe ngo-5mm kude ne-turbocharger, evunyelwe, futhi ngakho ithola umoya omncane ngaphambi kwayo-owanele, empeleni, ukuphakamisa amandla ngamahhashi angu-50. Kodwa umkhonyovu wukuthi uma abahloli bevula uhlelo ukuze babheke ngaphakathi, bavula iziphethu bese ipuleti libuyela endaweni yalo yokuqala.

Inhloko ye-FIA, uMax Moseley, uyibize ngokuthi "umkhonyovu osezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu engake ngawubona ku-motorsport eminyakeni engama-30." Kodwa, naphezu kokunconywa, iqembu lajeziswa, alizange lihlanganyele emqhudelwaneni unyaka wonke.

USmokey Uniq e-NASCAR, ngo-1967-1968

Sesivele sibhale ngoHenry "Smoky" Unique njengomunye wamaphayona wezinjini ze-adiabatic. Kodwa emlandweni we-NASCAR, leli qhawe eligqoke isigqoko-nepayipi lihlala lingumkhohlisi omkhulu kunabo bonke abake baba khona—ohlale ekulungele ukwedlula abahloli ngombono okhaliphile.

Ngawo-1960, uSmokey wabamba iqhaza kumaChevrolet Chevelle (asesithombeni) athobekile ebhekene namaqembu amakhulu aseFord naseChrysler.

Ngo-1968, imoto yakhe yathuthukiswa kangangokuthi abahloli bathola ukwephulwa kwemithetho eyisishiyagalolunye base bemvalela e-Dayton waze wayilungisa. Khona-ke omunye wabo unquma ukulihlola ithangi uma kwenzeka bese elithatha emotweni. U-Smokey othukuthele uyabatshela, "Nibhale nje eziyishumi zazo," futhi phambi kwamehlo abo amangala, ungena emotweni engenalo ithangi, ayikhanyise, futhi ahambe. Khona-ke kwavela ukuthi ungqondongqondo ozifundisayo naye wathola indlela yokuzungeza umkhawulo wevolumu yethangi - wavele wabona ukuthi imithethonqubo ayizange isho lutho mayelana nepayipi legesi, futhi yalenza libe ngamamitha angu-3,4 ubude namasentimitha amahlanu ububanzi ukuze kuhlaliswe i- engeziwe amalitha angu-7 no-15 kaphethiloli.

Umjaho weRed Bull kuFomula 1, 2011-2014

Izihloko ezine zomhlaba zeRed Bull phakathi kuka-2010 no-2013 zaba umphumela wekhono lika-Sebastian Vettel kanye nekhono lonjiniyela beqembu lokusungula izinombolo ezintsha endaweni empunga yemithetho. Ngo-2011, lapho u-Vettel ethola ukunqoba oku-11 futhi ethatha izikhundla zokuqala ezingu-15 kwezingu-19, imoto yayifakwe eguquguqukayo - futhi, ngokusho kwabaqhudelana abaningi, uphiko lwangaphambili olungekho emthethweni.

Izakhi ezihamba ngamandla zomoya zivinjelwe ku-F1 kusukela ngo-1969. Kepha onjiniyela beRed Bull baqinisekise ukuthi iphiko labo liyahlolwa esimweni esimile, nokuthi liguquguquka kuphela ngaphansi kwemithwalo ephakeme yomgwaqo. Imfihlo yayisekuhlanganisweni kwekhabhoni ebekwe ngokucophelela. Ngakho-ke, iqembu lihlolwe ku-2011 nango-2012. Kepha ngo-2013, i-FIA yaqinisa amasheke, kanti lo mkhuba kusolwa ukuthi wawunqamuka. Ngenkathi ekuqaleni kokugcina ngo-2014, izimoto zeRed Bull zaphinde zabanjwa zinezifakeli eziguquguqukayo, zajeziswa ngokuqala emgqeni wokugcina.

UBrabham noGordon Murray kuFomula 1, 1981

Umugqa phakathi kokukhwabanisa nokusungula izinto ezintsha ukhona, kepha ubulokhu ufiphele njalo. Kepha ngo-1981, uGordon Murray, umdali odumile wesikhathi esizayo weMcLaren F1, wabona ukuthi wayedlula imithetho ngeBrabham BT49C. Imoto, edizayinwe nguMurray, ine-hydropneumatic suspension evumela ukuthi ikhiphe ingcindezi enkulu kunaleyo evunyelwe. Uma ibukwa ngaphambi kokuqala, imoto ine-clearance ka-6 cm, okuyisilinganiso esincane esamukelekayo. Kepha ngokushesha nje lapho imoto ithatha ijubane, kunengcindezi eyanele kwi-fender yangaphambili ukupompa oketshezi olubabazekayo ethangini lesikhungo, ngaleyo ndlela kwehliswe i-BT49C ngaphansi komkhawulo.

UMurray ngobuhlakani ushintshe uhlelo ukuze kuthi ngemuva kokuqeda endaweni epholisa kancane, ingcindezi yehle nemoto inyuke futhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphazamisa ukunakwa ekumisweni, wafaka ibhokisi elisolisayo elinamakhebuli aphumile emotweni. UNelson Piquet uzuze isiqalo sakhe sesithathu e-Argentina ngo-1981 ngale Brabham. Ngemuva kwalokho uhlelo lwembulwa, kepha inqubekela phambili enqwabelene yanele ukuthi uPiquet anqobe isihloko, ngephuzu elilodwa ngaphambi kukaCarlos Reuthemann.

McLaren kuFomula 1, 1997-98

Ithimba likaRon Dennis belisendaweni empunga amasizini amabili ngenxa yokunyathela amabhuleki kwesibili, okuvumela abashayeli bezindiza uMika Hakkinen noDavid Coulthard ukuthi basebenzise ibhuleki elilodwa kuphela ngemuva lapho kudingeka. Umbono wokuqala waqhamuka kunjiniyela waseMelika uSteve Nichols futhi wayehlose ukunciphisa owangaphansi. Kukwazile ukuyikhomba kuphela ngenxa yomthwebuli wezithombe oqaphile, owabona idiski yamabhuleki asezingeni eliphakeme ephuma ethekwini.

Onjiniyela bakwaMcLaren kamuva bavuma ukuthi lokhu kusungula kubalethele isigamu sesibili esimangazayo. Njengenjwayelo, ukukhala okukhulu kakhulu kwaphakanyiswa nguFerrari, ngokusho kwalokhu ukuqamba kweqembu laseBrithani kwephule umthetho ovinjelwe ngamasondo amane. I-FIA ivumile futhi yavimbela i-pedal yesibili ekuqaleni kwesizini ka-1998, okungavimbanga uMika Hakkinen ekunqobeni imijaho eyisishiyagalombili nokunqoba isicoco seMcLaren.

Ford kwi-World Rally Championship ka-2003

Umoya kanye nophethiloli ulingana namandla. Ngakho-ke, izigungu ezilawulayo zayo yonke imincintiswano ye-motorsport zizama ukukhawulela ukungena komoya ezinjinini. Sayibona iToyota ixazulula le nkinga ngo-1995. Ngo-2003, abakwaFord baqhamuka nomunye umqondo: iFocus RS yabo yayisebenzisa umoya ojikelezayo. Onjiniyela bafake ithangi lomoya eliyimfihlo ngaphansi kukabhampa ngemuva. Yenziwe nge-2mm thick titanium alloy, yaqoqa umoya ocindezelweyo kusuka ku-turbocharger lapho umshayeli ecindezela igesi.

Ngokwesibonelo, endleleni ende eqondile, umshayeli wendiza wayekwazi ukukhulula umoya onqwabelene, owawubuyela ekuwuthatheni ngepayipi le-titanium. Futhi njengoba ayehamba ngemuva, lo moya wadlula umugqa ovimbelayo oyisibopho. Leli qhinga elincane lenyuse amandla ngo-5% - okwanele ukuthi uMarco Martin awine ngokulingana kabili kule sizini ngaphambi kokuthi kumenyezelwe indawo futhi wamiswa e-Australia.