Iminyaka engama-50 yezindiza ezinophephela emhlane ze-Gazelle
I-British Army Air Corps ingumsebenzisi wokuqala wezempi weGazelle. Kwasetshenziswa amakhophi angaphezu kwama-200 njengezindiza ezinophephela emhlane zokuqeqesha, ezokuxhumana kanye nezokuhlola; bazohlala enkonzweni kuze kube maphakathi neshumi lesithathu leminyaka yekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye. Isithombe ngu-Milos Rusecki
Ngonyaka odlule, kwagujwa iminyaka engama-60 yendiza enophephela emhlane ye-Gazelle. Ekupheleni kweminyaka engu-XNUMX naphakathi kweshumi leminyaka elizayo, bekungenye yesimanjemanje, imiklamo ye-avant-garde ekilasini layo. Izixazululo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe zibeka amathrendi edizayini emashumini eminyaka ezayo. Namuhla, isithathelwe indawo yizinhlobo ezintsha zezindiza ezinophephela emhlane, kodwa isadonsa amehlo futhi inabalandeli abaningi.
Maphakathi nawo-60s, ukukhathazeka kwaseFrance iSud Aviation yayisivele ingumkhiqizi owaziwayo wezindiza ezinophephela emhlane. Ngo-1965, kwaqala umsebenzi lapho kulowo ozongena esikhundleni se-SA.318 Alouette II. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amasosha abeka phambili izidingo zendiza enophephela emhlane egadayo kanye nezokuxhumana. Iphrojekthi entsha, eyathola igama lokuqala elithi X-300, yayizoba umphumela wokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, ikakhulukazi ne-UK, amabutho ayo ahlomile ayenesithakazelo ekuthengeni izindiza ezinophephela emhlane zalesi sigaba. Umsebenzi wawuqondiswa umklami omkhulu wenkampani uRené Muyet. Ekuqaleni, bekufanele kube indiza enophephela emhlane enezihlalo ezi-4 enesisindo sokusuka esingekho ngaphezu kwe-1200 kg. Ekugcineni, ikhabethe lakhuphuka laba izihlalo ezinhlanu, esikhundleni salokho nethuba lokuthutha abalimele ngohlaka, futhi isisindo sendiza enophephela emhlane esilungele ukundiza sakhuphuka saba ngu-1800 kg. Imodeli yenjini enamandla kakhulu kunaleyo ebihleliwe ekuqaleni yokukhiqiza i-Turbomeca Astazou ikhethwe njengedrayivu. Ngo-June 1964, inkampani yaseJalimane i-Bölkow (MBB) yanikezwa umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa i-rotor eyinhloko ye-avant-garde enekhanda eliqinile nama-blades ayinhlanganisela. AmaJalimane asevele elungiselele i-rotor enjalo yendiza yabo entsha ye-Bö-105. Ikhanda lohlobo oluqinile kwakulula ukwenza nokusebenzisa, futhi izindwani zezingilazi ezinwebekayo zaziqine kakhulu. Ngokungafani ne-rotor eyinhloko yaseJalimane enezinsimbi ezine, inguqulo yesiFulentshi, efushanisiwe i-MIR, kwakufanele ibe nezinsimbi ezintathu. I-prototype rotor yahlolwa ku-prototype yefekthri SA.3180-02 Alouette II, eyathatha indiza yayo yokuqala ngo-January 24, 1966.
Isixazululo sesibili soguquko kwaba ukushintshwa kwe-rotor yomsila yakudala ngefeni enama-multibladed ebizwa ngokuthi i-Fenestron (kusuka ku-French fenêtre - iwindi). Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ifeni izosebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ngokuhudula okuncane, inciphise ukucindezeleka komshini ku-boom yomsila, futhi iphinde inciphise izinga lomsindo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bekufanele kuphephe kakhudlwana ukusebenza - kungabi ngaphansi kokulimala kwemishini kanye nokusongela kakhulu kubantu abaseduze nendiza enophephela emhlane. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lapho indiza ngesivinini sokuhamba, i-fan ngeke iqhutshwe, futhi i-torque ye-rotor eyinhloko izolinganiswa kuphela yi-stabilizer eqondile. Kodwa-ke, kwavela ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Fenestron kwakuhamba kancane kunomsebenzi we-airframe ngokwayo. Ngakho-ke, i-prototype yokuqala yendiza enophephela emhlane entsha, eqokiwe i-SA.340, ithole okwesikhashana i-rotor yendabuko enezinsimbi ezintathu ethathwe ku-Alouette III.
Ukuzalwa okunzima
Isibonelo esinenombolo yomkhiqizo 001 kanye nenombolo yokubhalisa i-F-WOFH yenza indiza yayo yokuqala e-Marignane Airport ngo-April 7, 1967. Iqembu lalihlanganisa umshayeli wokuhlola odumile u-Jean Boulet nonjiniyela u-André Ganivet. I-prototype ibisebenza ngenjini engu-2 kW (441 hp) i-Astazou IIN600. NgoJuni wonyaka ofanayo, wenza i-debut yakhe ku-International Air Show e-Le Bourget. I-prototype yesibili kuphela (i-002, i-F-ZWRA) ithole i-fenestron enkulu yokuqina eqondile kanye ne-stabilizer enezingqimba emise okwe-T futhi yahlolwa ngo-April 12, 1968. Ngeshwa, indiza enophephela emhlane yabonakala ingalawuleki futhi yayingazinzile ngendlela eqondile ngesikhathi sendiza yezinga elisheshayo. . Ukuqedwa kwalezi zici kuthathe cishe unyaka wonke olandelayo. Kwavela ukuthi i-Fenestron kufanele, nokho, isebenze kuzo zonke izigaba zendiza, isakaze ukugeleza komoya emsila. Ngokushesha, i-prototype eyakhiwe kabusha No. 001, kakade ene-Fenestron, ngokubhaliswa kwe-F-ZWRF kwashintsha futhi, yajoyina uhlelo lokuhlola. Ngokucabangela imiphumela yokuhlolwa yazo zombili izindiza ezinophephela emhlane, i-stabilizer eqondile yahlelwa kabusha futhi umhlangano womsila ovundlile wadluliselwa ku-tail boom, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuzinza kokuqondisa. Kodwa-ke, ikhanda eliqinile le-rotor, elilungele ukucushwa kwamazinyo amane, lalijwayele ukudlidliza ngokwedlulele enguqulweni enezindwani ezintathu. Lapho idlula i-210 km / h ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwejubane elikhulu, i-rotor yamiswa. Kwaba ngenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kuphela ukuthi umshayeli wendiza wayigwema le nhlekelele. Kwenziwa imizamo yokulungisa lokhu ngokwandisa ukuqina kwama-blade, okungazange kube ngcono isimo. Ekuqaleni kuka-1969, isinqumo senziwa sokuthatha isinyathelo esinengqondo emuva ngokushintsha ikhanda le-rotor elishiwo ngomklamo oqinile onamahinge avundlile kanye ne-axial futhi kungabikho amahinge aqondile. I-rotor eyinhloko ethuthukisiwe yafakwa ku-prototype yokuqala ethuthukisiwe engu-001, kanye nenguqulo yokuqala yokukhiqiza i-SA.341 No. 01 (F-ZWRH). Kuvele ukuthi i-warhead entsha, engaphansi kwe-avant-garde, ihlanganiswe nama-blade ayinhlanganisela aguquguqukayo, ayizange nje ithuthukise kakhulu izici zokushayela nokuqondisa zendiza enophephela emhlane, kodwa futhi yanciphisa izinga lokudlidliza lendiza enophephela emhlane. Okokuqala, ingozi ye-rotor jamming iyancipha.
Khonamanjalo, udaba lokubambisana kwe-Franco-British emkhakheni wemboni yezindiza yagcina ixazululiwe. Ngo-April 2, 1968, i-Sud Aviation yasayina isivumelwano nenkampani yaseBrithani i-Westland sokuthuthukiswa ngokuhlanganyela nokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ezintathu zezindiza ezinophephela emhlane. Indiza enophephela emhlane yezokuthutha emaphakathi yayizofakwa ekukhiqizweni ngobuningi kwe-SA.330 Puma, indiza enophephela emhlane yamasosha asosha kanye nendiza enophephela emhlane elwa nethangi yamasosha - i-British Lynx, kanye nendiza enophephela emhlane enezinjongo eziningi - inguqulo ye-serial yephrojekthi yesiFulentshi SA.340, okwakhethwa igama layo ezilimini zawo womabili la mazwe uNyazi. Izindleko zokukhiqiza bezizokhokhwa yizinhlangothi zombili ngesigamu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amasampula amamodeli wezimoto zokukhiqiza akhiqizwa ezinhlobonhlobo ze-SA.341. Izindiza ezinophephela emhlane No. 02 (F-ZWRL) kanye No. 04 (F-ZWRK) zasala eFrance. Ngokulandelayo, inombolo engu-03, ekuqaleni eyayibhaliswe njenge-F-ZWRI, yathuthwa ngo-Agasti 1969 yayiswa e-UK, lapho yasebenza khona njengemodeli yokukhiqiza yenguqulo yeGazelle AH Mk.1 yeButho LaseBrithani efektri yaseWestland e-Yeovil. Yanikezwa inombolo ye-serial XW 276 futhi yenza indiza yayo yokuqala eNgilandi ngo-April 28, 1970.
